This ‘Myocardial Infarction (MI)- Epidemiology Forecast-2032' report delivers an in-depth understanding of the disease, historical and forecasted epidemiology in the United States, EU4 (Germany, Spain, Italy, and France), the United Kingdom, and Japan.
From a pathologic perspective, MI is defined as cardiomyocyte death caused by an ischemic insult. Application of this definition in the clinical context is challenging because the diagnosis of MI is dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the clinical criteria, electrocardiographic findings, imaging studies, and biomarkers used to detect the death of cardiomyocytes. In recent years, the development of highly sensitive biomarkers (such as cardiac troponins) has significantly enhanced the clinician's ability to see cardiomyocyte death. It should be emphasized that, although sudden elevations in circulating troponin levels reflect myocardial injury, they are not specific markers of ischemic cardiomyocyte death but in some cases may reflect increased cell wall permeability or release of proteolytic troponin degradation products. Besides, the slow average turnover of cardiomyocytes may be responsible for modest persistent elevations of troponin levels in specific normal individuals.
For the sake of immediate treatment strategies such as reperfusion therapy, it is usual practice to designate MI in patients with chest discomfort or other ischemic symptoms who develop new ST-segment elevations in two contiguous leads or new bundle branch blocks with ischemic repolarization patterns as a STEMI. In contrast, patients without STEMI at presentation are usually designated non-ST-elevation MI (NSTEMI). The categories of patients with STEMI, NSTEMI, or unstable angina are customarily included in the concept of ACS.
Geography Covered
- The United States
- EU4 (Germany, France, Italy, and Spain), and the United Kingdom
- Japan
MI Disease Understanding
MI Overview
Myocardial infarction (MI) refers to ischemic necrosis of myocardial tissue. The most common underlying cause is coronary artery disease. Type 1 MI occurs when an unstable plaque ruptures, leading to the occlusion of a coronary artery. Type 2 MI occurs when there is a mismatch between oxygen supply and demand (e.g., systemic hypotension, vasospasm). MI manifests clinically with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), a potentially lethal condition.From a pathologic perspective, MI is defined as cardiomyocyte death caused by an ischemic insult. Application of this definition in the clinical context is challenging because the diagnosis of MI is dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the clinical criteria, electrocardiographic findings, imaging studies, and biomarkers used to detect the death of cardiomyocytes. In recent years, the development of highly sensitive biomarkers (such as cardiac troponins) has significantly enhanced the clinician's ability to see cardiomyocyte death. It should be emphasized that, although sudden elevations in circulating troponin levels reflect myocardial injury, they are not specific markers of ischemic cardiomyocyte death but in some cases may reflect increased cell wall permeability or release of proteolytic troponin degradation products. Besides, the slow average turnover of cardiomyocytes may be responsible for modest persistent elevations of troponin levels in specific normal individuals.
For the sake of immediate treatment strategies such as reperfusion therapy, it is usual practice to designate MI in patients with chest discomfort or other ischemic symptoms who develop new ST-segment elevations in two contiguous leads or new bundle branch blocks with ischemic repolarization patterns as a STEMI. In contrast, patients without STEMI at presentation are usually designated non-ST-elevation MI (NSTEMI). The categories of patients with STEMI, NSTEMI, or unstable angina are customarily included in the concept of ACS.
MI Epidemiology
The disease epidemiology covered in the report provides historical as well as forecasted epidemiology segmented by diagnosed prevalent cases of MI, gender-specific prevalence cases of MI, and type-specific cases of MI, in the 7MM market covering the United States, EU4 countries (Germany, France, Italy, and Spain), the United Kingdom, and Japan from 2019 to 2032.Key Findings
This section provides glimpse of the MI epidemiology in the 7MMCountry Wise- MI Epidemiology
- The epidemiology segment also provides the MI epidemiology data and findings across the United States, EU4 (Germany, France, Italy, and Spain), the United Kingdom, and Japan
- The total diagnosed prevalent cases of MI in the 7MM comprised of approximately 15 million cases in 2021 and are projected to increase during the forecasted period
- The total diagnosed prevalent cases of MI in the United States were around 8 million cases in 2021
- The United States contributed to the largest prevalent population of MI, acquiring ~52% of the 7MM in 2021. Whereas, EU4 and the UK, and Japan accounted for around 36% and 11% of total population share, respectively, in 2021
- Among the EU4 countries, Germany accounted for the largest number of diagnosed MI cases followed by France, whereas Spain accounted for the lowest cases in 2021
- According to the publisher estimates, there were around 3 million cases of STEMI and 4 million cases of NSTEMI in the United States in 2021. The prevalence is projected to increase during the forecasted period
- In Japan, the prevalent MI cases were around 1.2 million in males and 511 thousand in females in 2021, which is likely to decline during the forecasted period
Scope of the Report
- The report covers the descriptive overview of MI, explaining its causes, signs and symptoms, pathogenesis and diagnosis
- Comprehensive insight has been provided into the MI epidemiology and treatment
- The report provides insight about the historical and forecasted patient pool of MI in seven major markets covering the United States, EU4 (Germany, France, Italy, and Spain), the United Kingdom, and Japan
- The report helps to recognize the growth opportunities in the 7MM with respect to the patient population
- A detailed review of MI epidemiology forecast is included in the report, covering the 7MM drug outreach
- The report provides an edge while developing business strategies, by understanding epidemiological trends
Report Highlights
- In the coming years, MI market is anticipated to change in the coming years owing to the improvement in the diagnosis methodologies, raising awareness of the disease, increase in prevalent population
- As per the analysis, the major types of MI include STEMI and NSTEMI.
- The report also encompasses other major segments, i.e., diagnosed prevalent cases of MI, gender-specific prevalence cases of MI, and type-specific cases of MI
MI Report Insights
- Patient Population
- Eleven Years Forecast
- 7MM Coverage
- MI Epidemiology Segmentation
Key Questions Answered
- What is the disease risk, burden and unmet needs of MI?
- What is the historical MI patient pool in the United States, EU4 (Germany, France, Italy, and Spain), the UK, and Japan?
- What would be the forecasted patient pool of MI at the 7MM level?
- What will be the growth opportunities across the 7MM with respect to the patient population pertaining to MI?
- Out of the above-mentioned countries, which country would have the highest prevalent population of MI during the study period (2019-2032)?
- At what CAGR the population is expected to grow across the 7MM during the study period (2019-2032)?
Reasons to Buy
- The report will help in developing business strategies by understanding trends shaping and driving the MI
- To understand the future market competition in the MI market and Insightful review of the unmet needs.
- Quantify patient populations in the global MI market to improve product design, pricing, and launch plans.
- Organize sales and marketing efforts by identifying the best opportunities for MI in the US, EU4 (Germany, France, Italy, and Spain), the United Kingdom, and Japan.
- The MI epidemiology model developed by the publisher is easy to navigate, interactive with dashboards, and epidemiology based with transparent and consistent methodologies. Moreover, the model supports data presented in the report and showcases disease trends over 11-year forecast period using reputable sources.
Table of Contents
1. Key Insights2. Report Introduction
3. Executive Summary
4. Epidemiology Forecast Methodology
5. Myocardial Infarction (MI) Overview at a Glance
5.1. Patient Share (%) Distribution of MI in 2019
5.2. Patient Share (%) Distribution of MI in 2032
6. Disease Background and Overview
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Risk Factors
6.3. Pathophysiology
6.4. Clinical Classification of Myocardial Infarction
6.4.1. Type 1
6.4.2. Type 2
6.4.3. Type 2 and myocardial injury
6.4.4. Type 3
6.4.5. Type 4a: Myocardial Infarction Associated With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
6.4.6. Type 4b: Stent/Scaffold Thrombosis Associated With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
6.4.7. Type 4c: Restenosis Associated With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
6.4.8. Type 5: Myocardial Infarction Associated With Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
6.5. Diagnosis
6.6. Biomarkers
6.6.1. Biomarkers Originated From Myocardial Tissues
6.6.2. Biomarkers Induced by MI Incidence
6.6.3. Biomarkers Preexisted Before MI Occurred
6.7. Definition of a Prior MI
6.7.1. Recurrent MI
6.7.2. Reinfarction
6.7.3. Peri-procedural MI
6.8. WHO definition and diagnostic criteria of MI
6.8.1. Category A definition and Diagnostic Criteria of MI
6.8.2. Category B definition and diagnostic criteria of MI if the requirements for diagnostic tests in Category A (above) Have Not Been Met
6.8.3. Category C definition and diagnostic criteria of probable MI
6.8.4. Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction
7. Guidelines and Recommendations for MI
7.1. AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines: 2022
7.2. NICE Guidelines for Acute coronary syndromes: 2020
7.3. ESC Guidelines for the Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients Presenting With ST-Segment Elevation: 2017
7.4. Evidenced-based Recommendations from the Guidelines
7.5. ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
8. Epidemiology and Patient Population of Myocardial infarction (MI) in the 7MM
8.1. Key Findings
8.1.1. Assumption and Rationale: 7MM
8.1.2. Total Diagnosed Prevalent Patient Population of MI in the 7MM
8.2. The United States
8.2.1. Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of MI in the United States
8.2.2. Gender-specific Prevalence of MI in the United States
8.2.3. Type-specific Prevalence of MI in the United States
8.3. EU4 and the UK
8.3.1. Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of MI in EU4 and the UK
8.3.2. Gender-specific Prevalence of MI in EU4 and the UK
8.3.3. Type-specific Prevalence of MI in EU4 and the UK
8.4. Japan
8.4.1. Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of MI in Japan
8.4.2. Gender-specific Prevalence of MI in Japan
8.4.3. Type-specific Prevalence of MI in Japan
9. Appendix
9.1. Bibliography
9.2. Report Methodology
10. Publisher Capabilities
11. Disclaimer
12. About the Publisher
List of Tables
Table 1: Summary of MI Epidemiology (2019-2032)
Table 2: Total Diagnosed Prevalent Patient Population of MI in the 7MM (2019-2032)
Table 3: Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of MI in the United States (2019-2032)
Table 4: Gender-specific Prevalence of MI in the United States (2019-2032)
Table 5: Type-specific Prevalence of MI in the United States (2019-2032)
Table 6: Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of MI in EU4 and the UK (2019-2032)
Table 7: Gender-specific Prevalence of MI in EU4 and the UK (2019-2032)
Table 8: Type-specific Prevalence of MI in EU4 and the UK (2019-2032)
Table 9: Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of MI in Japan (2019-2032)
Table 10: Gender-specific Prevalence of MI in Japan (2019-2032)
Table 11: Type-specific Prevalence of MI in Japan (2019-2032)
List of Figures
Figure 1: Framework for Type 2 Myocardial Infarction Considering the Clinical Context and Pathophysiological Mechanisms Attributable to Acute Myocardial Ischemia
Figure 2: A Model for Interpreting Myocardial Injury
Figure 3: Diagnostic Algorithm for Myocardial Infarction With Non-obstructive Coronary Arteries Using a Traffic Light
Figure 4: Common complications following acute myocardial infarction and their approximate timing
Figure 5: Total Diagnosed Prevalent Patient Population of MI in the 7MM (2019-2032)
Figure 6: Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of MI in the United States (2019-2032)
Figure 7: Gender-specific Prevalence of MI in the United States (2019-2032)
Figure 8: Type-specific Prevalence of MI in the United States (2019-2032)
Figure 9: Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of MI in EU4 and the UK (2019-2032)
Figure 10: Gender-specific Prevalence of MI in EU4 and the UK (2019-2032)
Figure 11: Type-specific Prevalence of MI in EU4 and the UK (2019-2032)
Figure 12: Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of MI in Japan (2019-2032)
Figure 13: Gender-specific Prevalence of MI in Japan (2019-2032)
Figure 14: Type-specific Prevalence of MI in Japan (2019-2032)
