The Global Market for Advanced Biobased and Renewable Fuels

2.1 Market Drivers
2.2 Market Challenges

4.1 The Biofuels Market
4.2 Types
4.2.1 Solid Biofuels
4.2.2 Liquid Biofuels
4.2.3 Gaseous Biofuels
4.2.4 Conventional Biofuels
4.2.5 Advanced Biofuels
4.3 Feedstocks
4.3.1 First-Generation Feedstocks
4.3.2 Second-Generation Feedstocks
4.3.2.1 Lignocellulosic Wastes and Residues
4.3.2.2 Biorefinery Lignin
4.3.3 Third-Generation Feedstocks
4.3.3.1 Algal Biofuels
4.3.4 Fourth-Generation Feedstocks
4.3.5 Advantages and Disadvantages, by Generation
4.3.6 Market Demand
4.4 Bioethanol
4.5 Bio-Jet (Bio-Aviation) Fuels
4.5.1 Description
4.5.2 Global Market
4.5.3 Production Pathways
4.5.4 Costs
4.5.5 Biojet Fuel Production Capacities
4.5.6 Challenges
4.6 Biomass-Based Diesel
4.6.1 Biodiesel
4.6.1.1 Production
4.6.1.2 Global Market
4.6.2 Renewable Diesel
4.6.2.1 Production
4.6.2.2 Global Market
4.7 Syngas
4.8 Biogas and Biomethane
4.8.1 Feedstocks
4.9 Biobutanol
4.9.1 Production

5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Benefits of E-Fuels
5.2 Feedstocks
5.2.1 Hydrogen Electrolysis
5.2.2 Co2 Capture
5.3 Production
5.4 Electrolysers
5.4.1 Commercial Alkaline Electrolyser Cells (Aecs)
5.4.2 Pem Electrolysers (Pemec)
5.4.3 High-Temperature Solid Oxide Electrolyser Cells (Soecs)
5.5 Direct Air Capture (Dac)
5.5.1 Technologies
5.5.2 Markets for Dac
5.5.3 Costs
5.5.4 Challenges
5.5.5 Companies and Production
5.5.6 Co2 Capture from Point Sources
5.6 Costs
5.7 Market Challenges
5.8 Companies

6.1 Production
6.1.1 Decarbonisation of Ammonia Production
6.1.2 Green Ammonia Projects
6.2 Green Ammonia Synthesis Methods
6.2.1 Haber-Bosch Process
6.2.2 Biological Nitrogen Fixation
6.2.3 Electrochemical Production
6.2.4 Chemical Looping Processes
6.3 Blue Ammonia
6.3.1 Blue Ammonia Projects
6.4 Markets and Applications
6.4.1 Chemical Energy Storage
6.4.1.1 Ammonia Fuel Cells
6.4.2 Marine Fuel
6.5 Costs
6.6 Estimated Market Demand
6.7 Companies and Projects

Table 1. Market Drivers for Advanced Biobased and Renewable Fuels
Table 2. Market Challenges for Advanced Biobased and Renewable Fuels
Table 3. Industry Developments in Advanced Biobased and Renewable Fuels 2020-2022
Table 4. Categories and Examples of Solid Biofuel
Table 5. Comparison of Biofuels and E-Fuels to Fossil and Electricity
Table 6. Biorefinery Feedstocks
Table 7. Feedstock Conversion Pathways
Table 8. First-Generation Feedstocks
Table 9. Lignocellulosic Ethanol Plants and Capacities
Table 10. Comparison of Pulping and Biorefinery Lignins
Table 11. Commercial and Pre-Commercial Biorefinery Lignin Production Facilities and Processes
Table 12. Operating and Planned Lignocellulosic Biorefineries and Industrial Flue Gas-To-Ethanol
Table 13. Properties of Microalgae and Macroalgae
Table 14. Yield of Algae and Other Biodiesel Crops
Table 15. Advantages and Disadvantages of Biofuels, by Generation
Table 16. Advantages and Disadvantages of Biojet Fuel
Table 17. Production Pathways for Bio-Jet Fuel
Table 18. Current and Announced Biojet Fuel Facilities and Capacities
Table 19, Biodiesel Production Techniques
Table 20. Biodiesel by Generation
Table 21. Biogas Feedstocks
Table 22. Applications of E-Fuels, by Type
Table 23. Overview of E-Fuels
Table 24. Benefits of E-Fuels
Table 25. Main Characteristics of Different Electrolyzer Technologies
Table 26. Advantages and Disadvantages of Dac
Table 27. Dac Companies and Technologies
Table 28. Markets for Dac
Table 29. Cost Estimates of Dac
Table 30. Challenges for Dac Technology
Table 31. Dac Technology Developers and Production
Table 32. Market Challenges for E-Fuels
Table 33. E-Fuels Companies
Table 34. Green Ammonia Projects (Current and Planned)
Table 35. Blue Ammonia Projects
Table 36. Ammonia Fuel Cell Technologies
Table 37. Market Overview of Green Ammonia in Marine Fuel
Table 38. Summary of Marine Alternative Fuels
Table 39. Estimated Costs for Different Types of Ammonia
Table 40. Main Players in Green Ammonia
Table 41. Granbio Nanocellulose Processes

Figure 1. Schematic of a Biorefinery for Production of Carriers and Chemicals
Figure 2. Hydrolytic Lignin Powder
Figure 3. Liquid Biofuel Production and Consumption (In Thousands of M3), 2000-2021
Figure 4. Distribution of Global Liquid Biofuel Production in
Figure 5. Ethanol Consumption 2010-2027 (Million Litres)
Figure 6. Global Bio-Jet Fuel Consumption 2010-2027 (M Litres/Year)
Figure 7. Global Biodiesel Consumption, 2010-2027 (M Litres/Year)
Figure 8. Global Renewable Diesel Consumption, 2010-2027 (M Litres/Year)
Figure 9. Total Syngas Market by Product in Mm Nm³/H of Syngas,
Figure 10. Biogas and Biomethane Pathways
Figure 11. Properties of Petrol and Biobutanol
Figure 12. Biobutanol Production Route
Figure 13. Process Steps in the Production of Electrofuels
Figure 14. Mapping Storage Technologies According to Performance Characteristics
Figure 15. Production Process for Green Hydrogen
Figure 16. E-Liquids Production Routes
Figure 17. Fischer-Tropsch Liquid E-Fuel Products
Figure 18. Resources Required for Liquid E-Fuel Production
Figure 19. Schematic of Climeworks Dac System
Figure 20. Levelized Cost and Fuel-Switching Co2 Prices of E-Fuels
Figure 21. Cost Breakdown for E-Fuels
Figure 22. Classification and Process Technology According to Carbon Emission in Ammonia Production
Figure 23. Green Ammonia Production and Use
Figure 24. Schematic of the Haber Bosch Ammonia Synthesis Reaction
Figure 25. Schematic of Hydrogen Production Via Steam Methane Reformation
Figure 26. Estimated Production Cost of Green Ammonia
Figure 27. Projected Annual Ammonia Production, Million Tons
Figure 28. Andritz Lignin Recovery Process
Figure 29. Fbpo Process
Figure 30. Direct Air Capture Process
Figure 31. Cri Process
Figure 32. Domsjö Process
Figure 33. Fuelpositive System
Figure 34. Infinitree Swing Method
Figure 35. Enfinity Cellulosic Ethanol Technology Process
Figure 36 Plantrose Process
Figure 37. the Velocys Process
Figure 38. Goldilocks Process and Applications