Recent Advances in Analytical Techniques: Volume 5

Table of Contents

• INTRODUCTION
  
• MASS SPECTROMETRY IN CHIRAL ANALYSIS
  
• Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
  
• Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
  
• Normal Phase and Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
  
• CONCLUSION
  
• CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
  
• CONFLICT OF INTEREST
  
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
  
• REFERENCES
  

• INTRODUCTION
  
• SAMPLE PREPARATION METHODS
  
• MONOLITHIC SORBENTS
  
• Inorganic Monoliths
  
• Organic Monoliths
  
• Hybrid Monoliths
  
• SPE Related Techniques
  
• Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME)
  
• MOLECULAR IMPRINTING
  
• MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES
  
• Definitions
  
• Characterization
  
• MSPE
  
• METAL ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS: THE NEW KIDS ON THE BLOCK
  
• How It All Began
  
• Structure, Synthesis and Stability
  
• De Novo Strategies
  
• Post-Synthetic Strategies
  
• Post Synthetic Modification (PSM)
  
• Hydrophobic Surface Treatment
  
• Post-Synthetic Exchange
  
• Post-Synthetic Elimination and Installation
  
• Tandem PSM
  
• Introduction of Functional Groups
  
• Engineering Porosity and Pores
  
• Improvement of Structural Stability
  
• Surface and Interior Modification
  
• Catalytic Activity
  
• Multiple Magnetic Regulations
  
• Hybrid Materials
  
• Applications: Welcome to the Multiverse
  
• Future Perspectives: To the Infinite and Beyond
  
• SUPRAMOLECULAR SOLVENTS
  
• CARBON SORBENTS
  
• THE JOURNEY SO FAR
  
• CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
  
• CONFLICT OF INTEREST
  
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
  
• REFERENCES
  

• INTRODUCTION
  
• MARROW OF BONE
  
• Hematopoietic Stem Cell
  
• White Blood Cells
  
• Granulocytes
  
• Agranulocytes
  
• CANCER
  
• General Characteristics of Cancer Cells
  
• Classification of Blood Cancer
  
• Sugar and its Effect on the Body
  
• Role of Sugar in Cancer
  
• Effect of Sugar on Cancerous Leukocytes
  
• Salt and Immune System
  
• Effect of Salt on Cancerous WBCs
  
• PLATELETS
  
• Morphology of Platelets
  
• Platelets Adhesion, TCIPA and Effect of Glucose
  
• Effect of Salt on Platelets
  
• RED BLOOD CELLS
  
• Role of Erythrocytes
  
• Rouleaux Formation
  
• Effect of Sugar on the Rouleaux Formation
  
• Effect of Salt on Rouleaux Formation
  
• MICROSCOPY
  
• Principle of Optical Microscopy (OM)
  
• CCD Technique
  
• RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
  
• Effects of Glucose on the Aggregation of Leukocytes & Erythrocytes in Blood Cancer
  
• Method of Sample Preparation
  
• Discussions
  
• Effect of Glucose on Platelets in Blood Cancer
  
• Methodology and Sample Preparation
  
• Discussions
  
• Effect of Sodium Chloride on WBCs & RBCs in Blood Cancer
  
• Methodology & Sample Preparation
  
• Effect of Sodium Chloride on Platelets in Blood Cancer
  
• Method of Sample Preparation
  
• QUANTIFICATION OF SALT AND PURE WATER IN HUMAN WHOLE BLOOD USING LIGHT MICROSCOPE
  
• Introduction
  
• Materials and Methods
  
• Sample Set (1)
  
• Sample Set (2)
  
• Sample Set (3)
  
• Results
  
• Effect of Pure Salt on RBCs
  
• Effect of Distilled Water on RBCs
  
• Discussion
  
• CLASSIFICATION OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASES AND LIVER CIRRHOSIS
  
• What is a Kidney?
  
• Renal Physiologies
  
• NEPHRONS
  
• FUNCTIONS OF KIDNEY
  
• SPECIFIC KIDNEY DISEASES
  
• Kidney Stone
  
• Nephrotic Syndrome
  
• Acute Renal Failure
  
• Pyelonephritis
  
• IMAGE PROCESSING
  
• Analog Image Processing
  
• Digital Image Processing
  
• Advantages of Digital Image Processing in Medical
  
• Steps of Image Processing
  
• MEDICAL IMAGING PROCESSING
  
• Structural Medical Images
  
• Functional Medical Images
  
• IMAGE CLASSIFICATION USING DATA MINING TECHNIQUE
  
• What will be the Data Mining?
  
• Application of Data Mining Technique
  
• Use of Data Mining in Field of Health
  
• WHAT IS A FEATURE EXTRACTION?
  
• Color Features
  
• Texture Features
  
• Shape Features
  
• Features
  
• METHODOLOGIES
  
• Characterization Software
  
• DATA MINING TECHNIQUE USED FOR MEDICAL IMAGES FEATURE EXTRACTION
  
• WEKA
  
• Advantages of Weka
  
• Results
  
• Extracted Parameter
  
• Abnormal Ultrasonic Kidney Images with Chronic Kidney Diseases
  
• Discussions
  
• Conclusion
  
• CLASSIFICATION OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS
  
• Liver Physiology and Diseases
  
• Anatomy and Function of Liver
  
• Diseases of Liver
  
• Causes of Liver Damage
  
• Liver Cancer
  
• Cirrhosis
  
• MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS
  
• TEXTURE ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES
  
• Geometric and Topological Approach
  
• Second or Higher-order Statistics
  
• Texture Based on Gradient Information
  
• Materials and Methods
  
• Sample Preparation
  
• Selecting ROI
  
• Statistical Technique
  
• FIRST-ORDER STATISTICAL TEXTURE ANALYSIS
  
• Results
  
• Classification of Results
  
• Conclusion
  
• CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
  
• CONFLICT OF INTEREST
  
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
  
• REFERENCES
  

• INTRODUCTION
  
• CLASSIFICATION OF ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES APPLIED FOR SOIL ANALYSIS 161 Quantitative Analysis
  
• Classical Analytical Techniques
  
• Instrumental Techniques
  
• PRETREATMENT OF THE SAMPLES
  
• Acid Digestion
  
• Single or Sequential Extraction Procedures
  
• Alternative Extraction Techniques
  
• INSTRUMENTAL TECHNIQUES
  
• Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS)
  
• Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP)
  
• Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV)
  
• Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA)
  
• X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectrometry and Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE)
  
• CONCLUSION
  
• CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
  
• CONFLICT OF INTEREST
  
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
  
• REFERENCES
  

• INTRODUCTION
  
• Raman Scattering
  
• Basic Theory
  
• Molecular Vibrations
  
• Raman Instrumentation
  
• Components of Raman Spectrometers
  
• Types of Raman Spectroscopy
  
• Resonance Raman Spectroscopy (RRS)
  
• Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS)
  
• Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS)
  
• Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy (SRS)
  
• Spatially offset Raman Spectroscopy (SORS)
  
• Confocal Raman Microscopy
  
• Spectra Pre-Processing and Data Analysis
  
• Applications of Raman Spectroscopy
  
• CANCER
  
• Aetiology and Epidemiology of Cancer
  
• Epidemiology of Cancer
  
• Pathogenesis of Cancer
  
• Classification, Grading and Staging of Tumours
  
• Grading and Staging of Tumours
  
• Diagnosis of Cancer
  
• Treatment of Cancer
  
• Novel Approaches for Cancer Therapy
  
• Immunotherapy
  
• Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) Therapy
  
• THERAPEUTIC MONITORING OF CANCERS
  
• Raman Spectroscopy in Therapeutic Monitoring of Cancers
  
• Raman Spectroscopy and Surgery
  
• Intraoperative Surgical Margin Assessment
  
• Malignancy-Associated Changes (MAC)/Cancer Field Effects (CFE)
  
• Cancer Recurrence Prediction
  
• Raman Spectroscopy and Radiotherapy
  
• Ex Vivo Biopsies
  
• In Vitro Cell Line and Xenograft Models
  
• Raman Spectroscopy and Chemotherapy
  
• Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM)
  
• Chemoresistance
  
• Raman Spectroscopy and Novel Approaches for Cancer Therapy
  
• RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
  

Author

• Atta-ur-Rahman
• Sibel A. Ozkan