Digital Human Modeling and Medicine. The Digital Twin

Authors

Gunther Paul Principal Research Fellow, Australian Institute for Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), Australia. Gunther Paul is an Ergonomist and James Cook University Principal Research Fellow for Occupational Health and Safety at the Australian Institute for Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), and the Mackay Institute for Research and Innovation (MIRI). He holds a PhD in Ergonomics and MPhil in Control Engineering from Darmstadt University of Technology. His research focuses on complex work system related issues, such as health systems, respiratory health, human-in-the-loop modelling, or musculoskeletal disorders. Gunther has been the Chief Investigator in 17 research projects. He is the Editor-In-Chief of the International Journal of Human Factors Modelling and Simulation, and a reviewer for over 20 international journals. He chairs the International Ergonomics Association Technical Committee on Human Simulation and Virtual Environments, and is a Member of the Queensland Government Safety Leadership at Work Expert Reference Group, Member of the Commonwealth Department of Employment Research and Evaluation Services Panel, and Member of the Panel of Assessors, Queensland Civil and Administrative Tribunal (QCAT). Gunther is also the Ambassador of the Foundation for Professional Ergonomics in Australia. He has published over 100 journal articles, books and book chapters, and has been regularly presenting and chairing sessions at International conferences over the last 25 years. In his most recent previous employments, Gunther led the Health Safety Environment Discipline in the School of Public Health and Social Work at QUT, and before that he was Director of Ergolab at UniSA. In his 10 year industrial career, he worked as Project Manager for Ford, Daimler, and Faurecia. Mohamed H. Doweidar Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering and Architecture (EINA), University of Zaragoza, Spain. He is a Full Associate Professor at the Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Zaragoza, Spain (25 years of teaching experience). Besides, he is a Member of the Group of Applied Mechanics and Bioengineering (AMB), the Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), the Arag�n Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), and the European Society of Biomechanics (ESB). He received his B.Eng. in industrial engineering (1993) from Benha Higher Institute of Technology, Egypt; B.Sc. in statistical and computer science (1997) from Mansoura University, Egypt; M.Sc. degree in Engineering Mathematics (2001) from Ain Shams University, Egypt; a Diploma in Advanced Studies in Computational Fluid Mechanics (2004) from Zaragoza University, Spain; and his Ph.D. degree in Computational Fluid Mechanics (2005) from Zaragoza University, Spain. Dr. Doweidar has participated and/or directed more than 25 national and international investigation projects. In addition, he is the author and co-author of more than 110 publications in peer-reviewed articles, books, book chapters, and conferences. His investigation interests include Computational Biomechanics, Cell Simulation, Hyperelastic Materials, Large Deformations, Finite Element Method, Natural Element Method, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Error Estimation, and Adaptivity.