+353-1-416-8900REST OF WORLD
+44-20-3973-8888REST OF WORLD
1-917-300-0470EAST COAST U.S
1-800-526-8630U.S. (TOLL FREE)

Water Disinfection Chemical Global Market Insights 2023, Analysis and Forecast to 2028, by Manufacturers, Regions, Technology, Application, Product Type

  • PDF Icon

    Report

  • 93 Pages
  • June 2023
  • Region: Global
  • Prof Research
  • ID: 5554770

Quick Summary:

In an increasingly conscious world, understanding the dynamics of the global Water Disinfection Chemical market is crucial for any forward-thinking executive. This indispensable report furnishes an in-depth look at the sector and its various key players and segments. It provides a comprehensive assessment of regional supply and demand, coupled with detailed pricing data, and underlines critical market trends across North America, South America, Asia & Pacific, Europe, and the Middle East and Africa.


The report doesn't end at offering an overview; it dives into each key player's profile, including their business information, SWOT analysis, production capacities, and market shares. From major corporations like BASF SE and Occidental Petroleum to smaller industry players, be prepared for an insightful read. This game-changing report is your pathway to better strategic decisions in the Water Disinfection Chemical market – a crucial tool for those catering to municipal, industrial, and recreational sectors alike. With a dissection of types spanning from chlorine gas to bromine derivatives, it ensures you'll know your stuff.

This report describes the global market size of Water Disinfection Chemical from 2018 to 2022 and its CAGR from 2018 to 2022, and also forecasts its market size to the end of 2028 and its CAGR from 2023 to 2028.

For the geography segment, regional supply, demand, major players, price is presented from 2018 to 2028.

This report covers the following regions:

  • North America
  • South America
  • Asia & Pacific
  • Europe
  • MEA
The key countries for each region are also included such as the United States, China, Japan, India, Korea, ASEAN, Germany, France, UK, Italy, Spain, CIS, and Brazil etc.

For the competitor segment, the report includes global key players of Water Disinfection Chemical as well as some small players.

The information for each competitor includes:

  • Company Profile
  • Main Business Information
  • SWOT Analysis
  • Production Capacity, Production Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin
  • Market Share

Applications Segment:

  • Municipal
  • Industrial
  • Recreational

Types Segment:

  • Chlorine Gas
  • Chlorine Derivatives
  • Bromine Derivatives
  • Others

Companies Covered:

  • BASF SE
  • Brenntag AG
  • Buckman Laboratories International Incorporated
  • BWT AG
  • Calgon Carbon Corporation
  • Occidental Petroleum
  • Nalco Holding
  • Occidental Petroleum Corporation
Base Year: 2023
Historical Data: from 2018 to 2022
Forecast Data: from 2023 to 2028


This product will be delivered within 1-3 business days.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Executive SummaryChapter 2 Abbreviation and Acronyms
Chapter 3 Preface
3.1 Research Scope
3.2 Research Sources
3.2.1 Data Sources
3.2.2 Assumptions
3.3 Research Method
Chapter 4 Market Landscape
4.1 Market Overview
4.2 Classification/Types
4.3 Application/End Users
Chapter 5 Market Trend Analysis
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Drivers
5.3 Restraints
5.4 Opportunities
5.5 Threats
Chapter 6 Industry Chain Analysis
6.1 Upstream/Suppliers Analysis
6.2 Water Disinfection Chemical Analysis
6.2.1 Technology Analysis
6.2.2 Cost Analysis
6.2.3 Market Channel Analysis
6.3 Downstream Buyers/End Users
Chapter 7 Latest Market Dynamics
7.1 Latest News
7.2 Merger and Acquisition
7.3 Planned/Future Project
7.4 Policy Dynamics
Chapter 8 Trading Analysis
8.1 Export of Water Disinfection Chemical by Region
8.2 Import of Water Disinfection Chemical by Region
8.3 Balance of Trade
Chapter 9 Historical and Forecast Water Disinfection Chemical Market in North America (2018-2028)
9.1 Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size
9.2 Water Disinfection Chemical Demand by End Use
9.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
9.4 Type Segmentation and Price
9.5 Key Countries Analysis
9.5.1 United States
9.5.2 Canada
9.5.3 Mexico
Chapter 10 Historical and Forecast Water Disinfection Chemical Market in South America (2018-2028)
10.1 Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size
10.2 Water Disinfection Chemical Demand by End Use
10.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
10.4 Type Segmentation and Price
10.5 Key Countries Analysis
10.5.1 Brazil
10.5.2 Argentina
10.5.3 Chile
10.5.4 Peru
Chapter 11 Historical and Forecast Water Disinfection Chemical Market in Asia & Pacific (2018-2028)
11.1 Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size
11.2 Water Disinfection Chemical Demand by End Use
11.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
11.4 Type Segmentation and Price
11.5 Key Countries Analysis
11.5.1 China
11.5.2 India
11.5.3 Japan
11.5.4 South Korea
11.5.5 Southeast Asia
11.5.6 Australia
Chapter 12 Historical and Forecast Water Disinfection Chemical Market in Europe (2018-2028)
12.1 Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size
12.2 Water Disinfection Chemical Demand by End Use
12.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
12.4 Type Segmentation and Price
12.5 Key Countries Analysis
12.5.1 Germany
12.5.2 France
12.5.3 United Kingdom
12.5.4 Italy
12.5.5 Spain
12.5.6 Belgium
12.5.7 Netherlands
12.5.8 Austria
12.5.9 Poland
12.5.10 Russia
Chapter 13 Historical and Forecast Water Disinfection Chemical Market in MEA (2018-2028)
13.1 Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size
13.2 Water Disinfection Chemical Demand by End Use
13.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
13.4 Type Segmentation and Price
13.5 Key Countries Analysis
13.5.1 Egypt
13.5.2 Israel
13.5.3 South Africa
13.5.4 Gulf Cooperation Council Countries
13.5.5 Turkey
Chapter 14 Summary For Global Water Disinfection Chemical Market (2018-2023)
14.1 Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size
14.2 Water Disinfection Chemical Demand by End Use
14.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
14.4 Type Segmentation and Price
Chapter 15 Global Water Disinfection Chemical Market Forecast (2023-2028)
15.1 Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size Forecast
15.2 Water Disinfection Chemical Demand Forecast
15.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
15.4 Type Segmentation and Price Forecast
Chapter 16 Analysis of Global Key Vendors
16.1 BASF SE
16.1.1 Company Profile
16.1.2 Main Business and Water Disinfection Chemical Information
16.1.3 SWOT Analysis of BASF SE
16.1.4 BASF SE Water Disinfection Chemical Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.2 Brenntag AG
16.2.1 Company Profile
16.2.2 Main Business and Water Disinfection Chemical Information
16.2.3 SWOT Analysis of Brenntag AG
16.2.4 Brenntag AG Water Disinfection Chemical Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.3 Buckman Laboratories International Incorporated
16.3.1 Company Profile
16.3.2 Main Business and Water Disinfection Chemical Information
16.3.3 SWOT Analysis of Buckman Laboratories International Incorporated
16.3.4 Buckman Laboratories International Incorporated Water Disinfection Chemical Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.4 BWT AG
16.4.1 Company Profile
16.4.2 Main Business and Water Disinfection Chemical Information
16.4.3 SWOT Analysis of BWT AG
16.4.4 BWT AG Water Disinfection Chemical Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.5 Calgon Carbon Corporation
16.5.1 Company Profile
16.5.2 Main Business and Water Disinfection Chemical Information
16.5.3 SWOT Analysis of Calgon Carbon Corporation
16.5.4 Calgon Carbon Corporation Water Disinfection Chemical Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.6 Occidental Petroleum
16.6.1 Company Profile
16.6.2 Main Business and Water Disinfection Chemical Information
16.6.3 SWOT Analysis of Occidental Petroleum
16.6.4 Occidental Petroleum Water Disinfection Chemical Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.7 Nalco Holding
16.7.1 Company Profile
16.7.2 Main Business and Water Disinfection Chemical Information
16.7.3 SWOT Analysis of Nalco Holding
16.7.4 Nalco Holding Water Disinfection Chemical Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.8 Occidental Petroleum Corporation
16.8.1 Company Profile
16.8.2 Main Business and Water Disinfection Chemical Information
16.8.3 SWOT Analysis of Occidental Petroleum Corporation
16.8.4 Occidental Petroleum Corporation Water Disinfection Chemical Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Tables and Figures
Table Abbreviation and Acronyms List
Table Research Scope of Water Disinfection Chemical Report
Table Data Sources of Water Disinfection Chemical Report
Table Major Assumptions of Water Disinfection Chemical Report
Figure Market Size Estimated Method
Figure Major Forecasting Factors
Figure Water Disinfection Chemical Picture
Table Water Disinfection Chemical Classification
Table Water Disinfection Chemical Applications List
Table Drivers of Water Disinfection Chemical Market
Table Restraints of Water Disinfection Chemical Market
Table Opportunities of Water Disinfection Chemical Market
Table Threats of Water Disinfection Chemical Market
Table Raw Materials Suppliers List
Table Different Production Methods of Water Disinfection Chemical
Table Cost Structure Analysis of Water Disinfection Chemical
Table Key End Users List
Table Latest News of Water Disinfection Chemical Market
Table Merger and Acquisition List
Table Planned/Future Project of Water Disinfection Chemical Market
Table Policy of Water Disinfection Chemical Market
Table 2018-2028 Regional Export of Water Disinfection Chemical
Table 2018-2028 Regional Import of Water Disinfection Chemical
Table 2018-2028 Regional Trade Balance
Figure 2018-2028 Regional Trade Balance
Table 2018-2028 North America Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 North America Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 North America Water Disinfection Chemical Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 North America Water Disinfection Chemical Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 North America Water Disinfection Chemical Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 North America Water Disinfection Chemical Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 North America Water Disinfection Chemical Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 North America Water Disinfection Chemical Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 United States Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 United States Water Disinfection Chemical Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Canada Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Canada Water Disinfection Chemical Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Mexico Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Mexico Water Disinfection Chemical Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 South America Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 South America Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 South America Water Disinfection Chemical Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 South America Water Disinfection Chemical Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 South America Water Disinfection Chemical Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 South America Water Disinfection Chemical Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 South America Water Disinfection Chemical Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 South America Water Disinfection Chemical Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 Brazil Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Brazil Water Disinfection Chemical Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Argentina Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Argentina Water Disinfection Chemical Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Chile Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Chile Water Disinfection Chemical Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Peru Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Peru Water Disinfection Chemical Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Water Disinfection Chemical Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Water Disinfection Chemical Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 Asia & Pacific Water Disinfection Chemical Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 Asia & Pacific Water Disinfection Chemical Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Water Disinfection Chemical Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 Asia & Pacific Water Disinfection Chemical Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 China Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 China Water Disinfection Chemical Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 India Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 India Water Disinfection Chemical Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Japan Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Japan Water Disinfection Chemical Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 South Korea Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 South Korea Water Disinfection Chemical Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Southeast Asia Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size List
Table 2018-2028 Southeast Asia Water Disinfection Chemical Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Southeast Asia Water Disinfection Chemical Import List
Table 2018-2028 Southeast Asia Water Disinfection Chemical Export List
Table 2018-2028 Australia Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Australia Water Disinfection Chemical Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Europe Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 Europe Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 Europe Water Disinfection Chemical Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 Europe Water Disinfection Chemical Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 Europe Water Disinfection Chemical Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 Europe Water Disinfection Chemical Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 Europe Water Disinfection Chemical Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 Europe Water Disinfection Chemical Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 Germany Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Germany Water Disinfection Chemical Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 France Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 France Water Disinfection Chemical Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 United Kingdom Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 United Kingdom Water Disinfection Chemical Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Italy Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Italy Water Disinfection Chemical Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Spain Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Spain Water Disinfection Chemical Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Belgium Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Belgium Water Disinfection Chemical Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Netherlands Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Netherlands Water Disinfection Chemical Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Austria Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Austria Water Disinfection Chemical Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Poland Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Poland Water Disinfection Chemical Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Russia Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Russia Water Disinfection Chemical Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 MEA Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 MEA Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 MEA Water Disinfection Chemical Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 MEA Water Disinfection Chemical Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 MEA Water Disinfection Chemical Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 MEA Water Disinfection Chemical Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 MEA Water Disinfection Chemical Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 MEA Water Disinfection Chemical Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 Egypt Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Egypt Water Disinfection Chemical Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Israel Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Israel Water Disinfection Chemical Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 South Africa Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 South Africa Water Disinfection Chemical Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Gulf Cooperation Council Countries Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Gulf Cooperation Council Countries Water Disinfection Chemical Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Turkey Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Turkey Water Disinfection Chemical Import & Export List
Table 2018-2023 Global Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size List by Region
Table 2018-2023 Global Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size Share List by Region
Table 2018-2023 Global Water Disinfection Chemical Market Volume List by Region
Table 2018-2023 Global Water Disinfection Chemical Market Volume Share List by Region
Table 2018-2023 Global Water Disinfection Chemical Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 Global Water Disinfection Chemical Demand Market Share List by Application
Table 2018-2023 Global Water Disinfection Chemical Capacity List
Table 2018-2023 Global Water Disinfection Chemical Key Vendors Capacity Share List
Table 2018-2023 Global Water Disinfection Chemical Key Vendors Production List
Table 2018-2023 Global Water Disinfection Chemical Key Vendors Production Share List
Figure 2018-2023 Global Water Disinfection Chemical Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table 2018-2023 Global Water Disinfection Chemical Key Vendors Production Value List
Figure 2018-2023 Global Water Disinfection Chemical Production Value and Growth Rate
Table 2018-2023 Global Water Disinfection Chemical Key Vendors Production Value Share List
Table 2018-2023 Global Water Disinfection Chemical Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 Global Water Disinfection Chemical Demand Market Share List by Type
Table 2018-2023 Regional Water Disinfection Chemical Price List
Table 2023-2028 Global Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size List by Region
Table 2023-2028 Global Water Disinfection Chemical Market Size Share List by Region
Table 2023-2028 Global Water Disinfection Chemical Market Volume List by Region
Table 2023-2028 Global Water Disinfection Chemical Market Volume Share List by Region
Table 2023-2028 Global Water Disinfection Chemical Demand List by Application
Table 2023-2028 Global Water Disinfection Chemical Demand Market Share List by Application
Table 2023-2028 Global Water Disinfection Chemical Capacity List
Table 2023-2028 Global Water Disinfection Chemical Key Vendors Capacity Share List
Table 2023-2028 Global Water Disinfection Chemical Key Vendors Production List
Table 2023-2028 Global Water Disinfection Chemical Key Vendors Production Share List
Figure 2023-2028 Global Water Disinfection Chemical Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table 2023-2028 Global Water Disinfection Chemical Key Vendors Production Value List
Figure 2023-2028 Global Water Disinfection Chemical Production Value and Growth Rate
Table 2023-2028 Global Water Disinfection Chemical Key Vendors Production Value Share List
Table 2023-2028 Global Water Disinfection Chemical Demand List by Type
Table 2023-2028 Global Water Disinfection Chemical Demand Market Share List by Type
Table 2023-2028 Water Disinfection Chemical Regional Price List
Table BASF SE Information
Table SWOT Analysis of BASF SE
Table 2018-2023 BASF SE Water Disinfection Chemical Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Figure 2018-2023 BASF SE Water Disinfection Chemical Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 BASF SE Water Disinfection Chemical Market Share
Table Brenntag AG Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Brenntag AG
Table 2018-2023 Brenntag AG Water Disinfection Chemical Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Figure 2018-2023 Brenntag AG Water Disinfection Chemical Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Brenntag AG Water Disinfection Chemical Market Share
Table Buckman Laboratories International Incorporated Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Buckman Laboratories International Incorporated
Table 2018-2023 Buckman Laboratories International Incorporated Water Disinfection Chemical Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Figure 2018-2023 Buckman Laboratories International Incorporated Water Disinfection Chemical Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Buckman Laboratories International Incorporated Water Disinfection Chemical Market Share
Table BWT AG Information
Table SWOT Analysis of BWT AG
Table 2018-2023 BWT AG Water Disinfection Chemical Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Figure 2018-2023 BWT AG Water Disinfection Chemical Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 BWT AG Water Disinfection Chemical Market Share
Table Calgon Carbon Corporation Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Calgon Carbon Corporation
Table 2018-2023 Calgon Carbon Corporation Water Disinfection Chemical Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Figure 2018-2023 Calgon Carbon Corporation Water Disinfection Chemical Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Calgon Carbon Corporation Water Disinfection Chemical Market Share
Table Occidental Petroleum Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Occidental Petroleum
Table 2018-2023 Occidental Petroleum Water Disinfection Chemical Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Figure 2018-2023 Occidental Petroleum Water Disinfection Chemical Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Occidental Petroleum Water Disinfection Chemical Market Share
Table Nalco Holding Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Nalco Holding
Table 2018-2023 Nalco Holding Water Disinfection Chemical Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Figure 2018-2023 Nalco Holding Water Disinfection Chemical Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Nalco Holding Water Disinfection Chemical Market Share
Table Occidental Petroleum Corporation Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Occidental Petroleum Corporation
Table 2018-2023 Occidental Petroleum Corporation Water Disinfection Chemical Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Figure 2018-2023 Occidental Petroleum Corporation Water Disinfection Chemical Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Occidental Petroleum Corporation Water Disinfection Chemical Market Share
Table Olin Corporation Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Olin Corporation
Table 2018-2023 Olin Corporation Water Disinfection Chemical Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Figure 2018-2023 Olin Corporation Water Disinfection Chemical Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Olin Corporation Water Disinfection Chemical Market Share

Companies Mentioned

  • BASF SE
  • Brenntag AG
  • Buckman Laboratories International Incorporated
  • BWT AG
  • Calgon Carbon Corporation
  • Occidental Petroleum
  • Nalco Holding
  • Occidental Petroleum Corporation
  • Olin Corporation

Methodology

Loading
LOADING...