This textbook summarizes preliminary knowledge of bioactive molecules which serve as pharmaceuticals, their use, synthesis and mode of action, as well as the production of commercial constituents such as ethanol, citric acid, antibiotics, amino acid and vitamins.
The text introduces students to the key types of pharmaceuticals and chemicals that are used in routine pharmacy and medical practice. These include common antibacterials, antimalarials, antifungals, analgesics, CNS agents, and antivirals. This information is complemented by a section that covers the production of common ingredients and pharmaceuticals (such as ethanol, citric acid, antibiotics and vitamins). Additional chapters covering the fundamentals of drug design and retrosynthetic analysis of common pharmaceuticals round up the text into a concise resource for learners.
The text introduces students to the key types of pharmaceuticals and chemicals that are used in routine pharmacy and medical practice. These include common antibacterials, antimalarials, antifungals, analgesics, CNS agents, and antivirals. This information is complemented by a section that covers the production of common ingredients and pharmaceuticals (such as ethanol, citric acid, antibiotics and vitamins). Additional chapters covering the fundamentals of drug design and retrosynthetic analysis of common pharmaceuticals round up the text into a concise resource for learners.
Key Features:
- Simple structured layout suitable for learners
- Considers the CBCS curriculum for Indian Institutions
- Covers the subject in 2 parts (Part A: Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Part B: Production)
- Covers several types of pharmaceuticals used in clinical practice
- Covers the fermentation process and the production of antibiotics, pharmaceutical commodities and nutrients
- Introduces the reader to fundamentals of drug design
- Includes retrosynthetic analysis of several pharmaceuticals
- Includes an appendix for handy information
Table of Contents
PREFACE- i CHAPTER 1 DRUGS AND PHARMACEUTICALS: AN INTRODUCTION
- DRUG DISCOVERY
- IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGY
- Selectivity
- Affinity
- Efficiency
- Metabolic stability
- Bioavailability
- Cross-screening
- Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API)
- Drug………………
- Medicine
- Biopharmaceutical
- Pro-Drug
- Brand Name Drug
- Generic Drug
- Pharmacodynamics (PD)
- Pharmacokinetics (PK)
- DMPK (Drug Metabolism and Pharmaco-Kinetics)
- Lethal Dose Fifty (LD50)
- Effective Dose Fifty (ED50)
- Inhibitory Concentration Fifty (IC50)
- Pharmaceutical Formulation
- In vivo and in vitro Study
- Synergistic Action
- Antibiotic Drug
- Bactericidal Antibiotics
- Bacteriostatic Antibiotics
- Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics
- Narrow-Spectrum Antibiotics
- Antibiotic Resistance
- Antiviral Drugs
- Antifungal Drugs
- DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT
- OUTLINES OF DRUG DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
- CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS
- CLASSIFICATION
- Antibiotic Drugs
- Antifungal Drugs
- Classification Based on Treatment
- Based on the Mechanism of Action
- Based on the chemical structure
CHAPTER 2 ANALGESICS, ANTIPYRETIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS
- ANALGESICS AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS
- Aspirin
- Synthetic Use of Aspirin
- Acetylation Method
- Ibuprofen
- Synthesis
- ANALGESICS AND ANTIPYRETICS DRUGS
- Paracetamol
- Synthesis
CHAPTER 3 ANTIMALARIAL, ANTIBIOTICS, ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS
- ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS
- Chloroquine
- Synthesis
- Primaquine
- Synthesis
- ANTIBIOTICS
- Nalidixic Acid
- Norfloxacin
- Synthesis
- Chloramphenicol
- Synthesis
- ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS
- Sulphonamides
- Synthesis
- Sulfamethoxazole
- Synthesis
- Sulphacetamide
- Synthesis
- Trimethoprim
- Synthesis
- ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS
- Fluconazole
- Synthesis
CHAPTER 4 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DRUGS, CARDIOVASCULAR, ANTILAPROSY, ANTIVIRAL DRUGS, HIV-AIDS RELATED DRUGS
- CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DRUGS
- Phenobarbital
- Synthesis
- Diazepam
- Synthesis
- CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS
- Glyceryl Trinitrate
- Synthesis
- Other Use
- ANTILAPROSY DRUGS
- Dapsone
- Synthesis
- ANTIVIRAL DRUGS
- Acyclovir
- Synthesis
- HIV-AIDS RELATED DRUGS
- AZT- Zidovudine
- Synthesis
CHAPTER 5 DRUGS AND PHARMACEUTICALS: RETROSYNTHETIC ANALYSIS
- BASIC RETROSYNTHETIC APPROACH
- Disconnection
- Functional Group Interconversions(FGI)
- Synthon
- Synthetic Equivalent
- Donor and Acceptor Synthons
- Retron…
- Example
- RETRO-SYNTHETIC ANALYSIS OF SOME COMMON DRUGS
- Aspirin ………………
- Paracetamol
- Ibuprofen
- Chloroquine
- Primaquine
- Norfloxacin
- Fluconazole
- Dapsone
- Sulphonamides
- Sulphanethoxazol
- Sulphacetamide
- Trimethoprim
- MORE EXAMPLES
- Chloramphenicol
- Trimethoprim
- Acyclovir
- Phenobarbital
- Diazepam
- Glyceryl Trinitrate
- AZT- Zidovudine
CHAPTER 6 FERMENTATION: INTRODUCTION
- AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION
- Aerobic Respiration
- Anaerobic Respiration
- TECHNOLOGY BASED COMMERCIALIZATION OF FERMENTATION
- Primary Metabolites
- Secondary Metabolites
- DNA Recombinant Technology
- Applications of DNA Recombinant Technology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
CHAPTER 7 PRODUCTION OF COMMODITIES
- Criteria of the Low-Value, High-Volume Product
- Ingredients of Crude Media
- ETHYL ALCOHOL
- Fermentation
- Wine (From Grapes)
- Beer (From Malted Cereal)
- CITRIC ACID
- Factors Affecting Fermentation
- Fermentation
- Industrial Process
- Surface Processes
- Submerged Processes
CHAPTER 8 PRODUCTION OF ANTIBIOTICS ….…………………………………………………. 115 INTRODUCTION
- PENICILLIN
- Fermentation
- Commercial Production
- CEPHALOSPORIN
- Chloromycetin
- Streptomycin
- Biosynthesis
- Fermentation
- From Streptonzyces Griseus
- From Streptomyces Bikiniensis
CHAPTER 9 PRODUCTION OF AMINO ACIDS AND VITAMINS……….……………………… 129 PRODUCTION OF AMINO ACIDS
- LYSINE
- GLUTAMIC ACID
- PRODUCTION OF VITAMIN
- Host Selection
- Gene Mining
- Construction of Metabolic Pathway
- Pathway Tuning
- Fermentation
- VITAMIN B2 (RIBOFLAVIN)
- VITAMIN B12 (COBALAMIN)
- Biosynthesis
- De Novo Pathway
- Industrial Process
- VITAMIN C (ASCORBIC ACID)
- Industrial Production of Vitamin C
- Reichstein-Grussner Synthesis
- Two Step Fermentation Process
- LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
- REFERENCES
- SUBJECT INDEX
Author
- Samir Kumar Mandal
- Rebeca Ghanta
