Pharmacological and Molecular Perspectives on Diabetes is a compilation of reviews on clinical and scientific aspects of diabetes mellitus. It presents 11 contributions by eminent scholars that give the reader rational pharmacological and genetic perspectives of the disease and its treatment. The reviews approach diabetes from different angles, and highlight research that has been done to understand some questions about the molecular biology of diabetes in experimental settings. Topics of clinical significance such as the use of different hypoglycemic agents, and diabetic complications in clinical settings are also covered.
Pharmacological and Molecular Perspectives on Diabetes should prove to be of interest to all pharmaceutical and molecular biology scientists who are involved in research in anti-diabetic drug design and discovery, and practicing endocrinologists who wish to keep abreast of recent developments in the field.
Topics included in this book are:
- Epigenetic alterations and type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Responses to nutritional chromium supplements for type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Endocrine role of osteocalcin in homeostatic regulation of glucose metabolism
- Effect of diabetes on memory
- Osteoarthritis in relation to type 2 diabetes mellitus: prevalence, etiology, symptoms and molecular mechanism
- Infection of novel coronavirus in patients with diabetes mellitus
- Role of an anti-inflammatory agent in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Role of antidiabetic agents which helps regulates TCF7L2 variations in type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus, PCOD and neurological disorders: role of antidiabetic drugs
- Comparison of different types of insulin available for type 1 diabetes treatment
- Circadian rhythm disruption: special reference to type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications: pharmacogenetics based correlations and circulating microRNA as biomarkers
Pharmacological and Molecular Perspectives on Diabetes should prove to be of interest to all pharmaceutical and molecular biology scientists who are involved in research in anti-diabetic drug design and discovery, and practicing endocrinologists who wish to keep abreast of recent developments in the field.
Table of Contents
PREFACE- LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
- CHAPTER 1 EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
- Shalini Singh, Ashwin Kumar Shukla, Kauser Usman and Monisha Banerjee INTRODUCTION
- EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS RELATED TO T2DM
- DNA Methylation
- Histone Modification
- Histone Methylation
- Histone Acetylation/Deacetylation
- Non-coding RNA
- miRNA
- piRNA
- lncRNA
- EFFECT OF DNA METHYLATION ON DIFFERENT GENES INVOLVED IN T2DM
- Insulin Signaling
- Transcription Factor 7like 2 (TCF7L2)
- Pancreatic and Duodenal Homeobox 1(PDX-1)
- Tyrosine-protein Phosphatase Non-receptor Type 1 (PTPN1)
- Insulin-like Growth Factor-binding Protein 7 (IGFBP-7)
- Glucose Homeostasis and Bisphenol A (BPA) Exposure
- Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 (MCP-1)
- Solute Carrier Family 2 Member 4 (SLC2A4)
- Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 (PDK4)
- Other Genes
- Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1 Alpha (PPARGC1A)
- Cluster of Differentiation 36(CD36)
- Kelch-like ECH-associated Protein 1 (KEAP1)
- ANTIDIABETIC EFFECT AND DNA METHYLATION
- ROLE OF NUTRITION/DIET ON DNA METHYLATION
- EPIGENETIC MARKERS FOR DNA METHYLATION IN T2DM
- CONCLUSION
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER 2 RESPONSES TO NUTRITIONAL CHROMIUM SUPPLEMENTS FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
- Ramji Dubey and Pragya Verma INTRODUCTION
- METHODS
- Cr Supplements for T2DM
- Chromium Chloride
- Chromium Picolinate
- Chromium Yeast
- Brewer’s Yeast
- Molecular Action of Chromium Concerning T2DM
- CONCLUDING REMARKS
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER 3 ENDOCRINE ROLE OF OSTEOCALCIN IN HOMEOSTATIC REGULATION OF GLUCOSE METABOLISM
- Madhu Gupta, Md. Arshad and Rahul Gupta INTRODUCTION
- ENDOCRINE BONE AND GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS
- Glucose Homeostasis
- Link Between Impaired Glucose Homeostasis and Bone Remodeling
- Endocrine Regulation of Glucose Homeostasis by unOCN
- OCN Signaling in β Cells
- Glucose Uptake and Utilization
- Adipogenesis and Lipid Metabolism
- Leptin Regulates OCN Signaling via Sympathetic Nervous System
- OCN as a Therapeutic Agent
- CONCLUDING REMARKS
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER 4 EFFECT OF DIABETES ON MEMORY
- Sanjay Singh, Sukanya Tripathy and Anand Prakash INTRODUCTION
- PROGNOSIS
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- MEMORY
- EFFECT OF DIABETES ON MEMORY
- IMAGING STUDIES ON DIABETES AND BRAIN STRUCTURE
- INSULIN SIGNALING IN MEMORY
- CONCLUSION
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER 5 OSTEOARTHRITIS IN RELATION TO TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: PREVALENCE, ETIOLOGY, SYMPTOMS, AND MOLECULAR MECHANISM
- Neelam Shivnath, Habiba, Madhu Gupta and Md. Arshad INTRODUCTION
- PREVALENCE OF OA
- ETIOLOGY OF OA IN ASSOCIATION WITH T2DM AND SHARED RISK FACTORS 68 RISK FACTORS: AGE AND OBESITY
- RISK FACTORS: HYPERTENSION AND DYSLIPIDEMIA
- SYMPTOMS: IN ASSOCIATION WITH OA AND T2DM
- PATHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION: T2DM AND OA
- EFFECT OF HYPERGLYCAEMIA
- ROLE OF INSULIN/INSULIN RESISTANCE
- CONCLUSION
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER 6 INFECTION OF NOVEL CORONAVIRUS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETESMELLITUS
- DIABETES MELLITUS
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- ETIOLOGY
- TREATMENT OPTIONS IN DIABETES
- COVID-19
- Structure
- Pathogenesis
- INTERRELATIONSHIP OF COVID-19 AND DIABETES MELLITUS
- Immunological Aspect
- Receptor Level
- CONCLUSION
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER 7 ROLE OF AN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT IN THE MANAGEMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
- DRUGS
- LIRAGLUTIDE
- Dosage
- Mode of Action and its Anti-inflammatory Effect
- Sulfonylureas
- Dosage
- Mode of Action and its Anti-inflammatory Effect
- Salsalate
- Dosage
- Mode of Action and its Anti-inflammatory Effect
- CONCLUSION
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER 8 ROLE OF ANTIDIABETIC AGENTS WHICH HELP REGULATE TCF7L2 VARIATIONS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
- DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH GENE POLYMORPHISM
- MAJOR CLASSES OF ORAL PHARMACOLOGICAL ANTI-DIABETIC AGENTS
- Metformin
- Sulfonylureas
- Meglitinides
- Thiazolidinedione
- Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
- CONCLUSION
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER 9 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, PCOD, AND NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS: ROLE OF ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS
- RELATION BETWEEN T2DM AND AD
- AD = Alzheimer’s Disease
- T2DM ASSOCIATED COMORBIDITIES
- T2DM = Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- AD = Alzheimer’s Disease
- PCOD AND TYPE 2 DIABETES
- AD AND TYPE 2 DIABETES
- MAJOR HIGHLIGHTING POINTS OF RELATION BETWEEN THE DISEASES
- CONCLUSION
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER 10 COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF INSULIN AVAILABLE FOR TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS TREATMENT
- INTRODUCTION
- TYPE 1 DIABETES: TYPES OF INSULIN THERAPY
- Conventional Insulin Therapy
- Intensive Insulin Therapy
- DIFFERENT TYPES OF INSULIN?
- TYPES AND TIME OF INSULINS USED?
- INSULIN DELIVERY
- Syringe
- Insulin Pen
- Insulin Pump
- Jet Injection Pumps
- CONCLUSION
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
Author
- Madhukar Saxena
