The global cloud managed services market size reached US$ 53.2 Billion in 2023. Looking forward, the publisher expects the market to reach US$ 145.7 Billion by 2032, exhibiting a growth rate (CAGR) of 11.8% during 2023-2032. The market is primarily driven by the rising focus on security and compliance, the extensive utilization of cloud computing, and the escalating demand for real-time monitoring, identifying, and addressing potential issues before they impact businesses and operations.
Key Market Trends: The integration of edge computing solutions in cloud managed services to enable organizations to process and analyze data effectively is stimulating the market growth. In addition to this, the extensive utilization of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies by several companies to improve efficiency, automate tasks, and enhance decision-making is also propelling the cloud managed services market forecast.
Competitive Landscape: Some of the major market players in the cloud managed services industry include Accenture plc, Atos SE, Cisco Systems, Inc., DXC Technology, Fujitsu Limited, Google LLC (Alphabet Inc.), HCL Technologies, Hewlett Packard Enterprise, International Business Machines Corporation, Infosys Limited, NEC Corporation (AT&T Inc.), NTT DATA Corporation (Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation), Wipro Limited, among many others.
Geographical Trends: North America accounted for the largest share in the cloud managed services market analysis, owing to the growing popularity of outsourcing several integral company responsibilities. Moreover, the elevating requirement for cloud computing activities among businesses to increase their operational efficiency is positively influencing the cloud managed services market outlook in North America.
Challenges and Opportunities: One of the major challenges of the market includes ensuring the security of various applications and data. With huge amounts of information stored and processed in the cloud, there are primary concerns regarding unauthorized access, data breaches, and compliance with data protection regulations. However, the extensive utilization of advanced technologies, including AI, big data analytics, machine learning, and the IoT by the leading organizations to improve decision-making, gain insights, and enhance competitiveness presents significant growth opportunities for cloud managed services market demand.
The rising adoption of cloud computing among various businesses to enhance their operational efficiency is catalyzing the market growth. Besides this, the extensive utilization of cloud solutions to manage applications, resources, and services is also stimulating the cloud managed services market statistics. For instance, according to Flexera Software, state of cloud report 2023, 75% of enterprise respondents indicated that they were adopting Microsoft Azure for public cloud usage. Moreover, as part of a multi-year partnership, Google Cloud and Connecticut-based XPO Logistics worked together to enhance the movement of commodities throughout supply chains. XPO utilized Google Cloud's data analytics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities to build quicker, more effective supply chains with improved visibility. Additionally, in June 2023, Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. announced that it is rolling out a cloud computing service designed to power artificial intelligence systems similar to ChatGPT. HPE's high-performance computing and artificial intelligence unit said the company would use its experience in supercomputers to offer a service specifically for what are called large language models, the technology behind services, including ChatGPT.
Rising Focus on Security and Compliance
The escalating demand for advanced security measures, including intrusion prevention, threat detection, vulnerability assessments, and data encryption among businesses to safeguard critical information and digital assets is primarily driving the cloud managed services industry. Besides this, cloud MSPs provide expertise in understanding and implementing several compliance requirements that aid companies in avoiding potential financial and legal penalties, which is also propelling the market growth. For instance, according to the Data Security Council of India (DSCI), BFSI is one of India's top three sectors with the largest market share in cybersecurity expenditure. This is because of tightened norms from regulators, data localization, utility payments, e-commerce, and online insurance marketplaces. Such initiatives are expected to increase the adoption of endpoint security solutions in the country. Moreover, Hewlett Packard Enterprise announced that the company had signed a memorandum of understanding with the UAE Cyber Security Council to enhance cyber skills training in schools and prepare Emirati youth for careers in the technology industry.
Increasing Complexity of Cloud Environments
Cloud managed service providers offer specialized knowledge and skills to businesses that lack in-house expertise in managing complex cloud configurations effectively, which is acting as a significant growth-inducing factor. Moreover, the escalating demand for advanced services to manage various components, such as security, networking, databases, and application optimization is positively influencing the global market. For instance, Cisco released AppDynamics Cloud, a cloud-native observability platform for modern applications built on increasingly complex, distributed architectures and services. It is designed for simplicity, usefulness, and intuitiveness, and it enables IT teams to create the excellent digital experiences that organizations, customers, and end users currently demand. Current AppDynamics customers could upgrade to AppDynamics Cloud and continue to use their existing application performance monitoring (APM) agents or feed both platforms concurrently. AppDynamics Cloud supports AWS cloud-native and manages Kubernetes deployments, with a planned extension to Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform, and other cloud providers.
Managed Business Services
Managed Security Services
Managed Infrastructure Services
Managed Mobility Services
Managed Communication and Collaboration Services
Managed network services dominate the market
The report has provided a detailed breakup and analysis of the market based on the service type. This includes managed network services, managed business services, managed security services, managed infrastructure services, managed mobility services, and managed communication and collaboration services. According to the report, managed network services represented the largest segment.
Managed network services incorporate various network-related activities, such as network implementation, design, maintenance, monitoring, security, and troubleshooting. Managed service providers offer businesses assistance in configuring network components with cloud environments to ensure optimal load balancing, connectivity, and resource allocation. For instance, LEAN, Kuwait's top national cloud solutions provider introduced its cloud-managed services that provide a unique option for businesses to concentrate their IT resources on attaining their goals. LEAN presented its clients with an integrated, optimized capability to manage their virtual data centers, disaster recovery, and backup & data protection services, reducing their capital and operational costs, improving security and compliance, and minimizing the risk with unheard-of speed and dependability. Additionally, LEAN leveraged its national cloud and professional services experience.
Public Cloud
Private cloud holds the largest share in the market
The report has provided a detailed breakup and analysis of the market based on the deployment model. This includes private cloud and public cloud. According to the report, private cloud accounted for the largest market segment.
Private cloud offers a flexible and comprehensive computing environment dedicated to a single company, allowing enhanced data security and privacy and control over resources. It enables businesses to effectively scale applications, allocate computing resources, and manage workloads. For instance, Protera launched the Automated Disaster Recovery Framework in an effort to assist contemporary enterprises in making the shift from static, "check-box" disaster recovery (DR) plans to more dynamic, practical testing procedures. The disaster recovery (DR) solution gave businesses the ability to repeatedly test, validate, and demonstrate that their procedures can swiftly and effectively restore operations with little disruption to business operations in the event of a cyberattack.
Small and Medium-sized Enterprises
Large enterprises hold the biggest share in the market
The report has provided a detailed breakup and analysis of the market based on the organization size. This includes large enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises. According to the report, large enterprises accounted for the largest market share.
Large enterprises require cloud managed services for architecture deployment, design, security, maintenance, and ongoing monitoring. They offer large enterprises the chance to improve overall efficiency and concentrate on the primary objectives effectively. For instance, Zoom announced critical updates to the Enterprise-grade security and Reliability platform for easy connection and staying organized to fit the needs of small businesses or large enterprises, with the features of privacy and security needed. In addition to this, Axis Bank partnered with Amazon Web Services (AWS) to use the AWS key management service, a fully managed service for cryptographic operations (KMS), AWS CloudHSM, a cloud-based hardware security module (HSM), AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM), AWS Encryption SDK, and a client-side encryption library to improve data security, compliance, and customer experience.
BFSI
Telecom
Government and Public Sector
Healthcare and Lifesciences
Manufacturing
Energy and Utilities
IT
Others
Retail and consumer goods hold the maximum share in the market
The report has provided a detailed breakup and analysis of the market based on the vertical. This includes retail and consumer goods, BFSI, telecom, government and public sector, healthcare and lifesciences, manufacturing, energy and utilities, IT, and others. According to the report, retail and consumer goods accounted for the largest market share.
The extensive utilization of cloud managed services by retail businesses to easily navigate their IT infrastructure scale up or down to meet the evolving demands without the need for major upfront investments, is catalyzing the market growth in this segment. For instance, in July 2023, AuditBoard launched its new IT risk management offering, AuditBoard ITRM, a purpose-built solution for CISOs and their teams. AuditBoard ITRM is designed to enable collaboration between IT security and other organizational functions to accelerate the identification and classification of IT systems, perform business impact assessments, and remediate identified issues. Moreover, in November 2023, True Digital Group strategically collaborated with FiscalNote Holdings, Inc., an AI-driven enterprise SaaS technology provider of policy and global intelligence, to map 3rd and 4th party vendors and monitor critical risks, presenting an opportunity for financial institutions to understand and monitor risks within their expansive supplier networks and elevate transparency throughout the vendor ecosystem.
United States
Canada
Asia-Pacific
China
Japan
India
South Korea
Australia
Indonesia
Others
Europe
Germany
France
United Kingdom
Italy
Spain
Russia
Others
Latin America
Brazil
Mexico
Others
Middle East and Africa
Atos SE
Cisco Systems, Inc.
DXC Technology
Fujitsu Limited
Google LLC (Alphabet Inc.)
HCL Technologies
Hewlett Packard Enterprise
International Business Machines Corporation
Infosys Limited
NEC Corporation (AT&T Inc.)
NTT DATA Corporation (Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation)
Wipro Limited
(Please note that this is only a partial list of the key players, and the complete list is provided in the report.)
April 2023: Alibaba Cloud unveiled cheaper options for its Elastic Compute Service and Object Storage Service and a large language model to keep pace with the demand for cloud services. The new ECS Universal is claimed to offer the same stability as ECS while reducing costs by up to 40%, and is suited for running web applications and websites, enterprise office applications, and offline data analysis. The OSS Reserved Capacity (OSS-RC) would let its customers reserve storage capacity in a specific cloud region for one year, reducing capacity cost by up to 50%.
March 2024: DMI, a global leader in end-to-end managed mobility services, has partnered with Dynamic Solutions Technology to form a joint venture, Dynamic Digital Transformation (DDT), which has been awarded a contract by the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) to support and manage the bureau’s enterprise mobility management services (EMMS).
2. What is the expected growth rate of the global cloud managed services market during 2024-2032?
3. What are the key factors driving the global cloud managed services market?
4. What has been the impact of COVID-19 on the global cloud managed services market?
5. What is the breakup of the global cloud managed services market based on the service type?
6. What is the breakup of the global cloud managed services market based on the deployment model?
7. What is the breakup of the global cloud managed services market based on the organization size?
8. What is the breakup of the global cloud managed services market based on the vertical?
9. What are the key regions in the global cloud managed services market?
10. Who are the key players/companies in the global cloud managed services market?
Cloud Managed Services Market Analysis:
Major Market Drivers: The growing popularity of cloud managed services providers (MSPs) among various businesses for outsourcing their IT infrastructure, as they operate on a subscription-based model, is bolstering the cloud managed services market growth. Moreover, cloud MSPs provide disaster recovery and business continuity solutions that aid companies in mitigating the impact of potential disruptions, such as cyberattacks, natural disasters, and hardware failures, which is also catalyzing the cloud managed services share globally.Key Market Trends: The integration of edge computing solutions in cloud managed services to enable organizations to process and analyze data effectively is stimulating the market growth. In addition to this, the extensive utilization of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies by several companies to improve efficiency, automate tasks, and enhance decision-making is also propelling the cloud managed services market forecast.
Competitive Landscape: Some of the major market players in the cloud managed services industry include Accenture plc, Atos SE, Cisco Systems, Inc., DXC Technology, Fujitsu Limited, Google LLC (Alphabet Inc.), HCL Technologies, Hewlett Packard Enterprise, International Business Machines Corporation, Infosys Limited, NEC Corporation (AT&T Inc.), NTT DATA Corporation (Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation), Wipro Limited, among many others.
Geographical Trends: North America accounted for the largest share in the cloud managed services market analysis, owing to the growing popularity of outsourcing several integral company responsibilities. Moreover, the elevating requirement for cloud computing activities among businesses to increase their operational efficiency is positively influencing the cloud managed services market outlook in North America.
Challenges and Opportunities: One of the major challenges of the market includes ensuring the security of various applications and data. With huge amounts of information stored and processed in the cloud, there are primary concerns regarding unauthorized access, data breaches, and compliance with data protection regulations. However, the extensive utilization of advanced technologies, including AI, big data analytics, machine learning, and the IoT by the leading organizations to improve decision-making, gain insights, and enhance competitiveness presents significant growth opportunities for cloud managed services market demand.
Cloud Managed Services Market Trends:
Growing Adoption of Cloud ComputingThe rising adoption of cloud computing among various businesses to enhance their operational efficiency is catalyzing the market growth. Besides this, the extensive utilization of cloud solutions to manage applications, resources, and services is also stimulating the cloud managed services market statistics. For instance, according to Flexera Software, state of cloud report 2023, 75% of enterprise respondents indicated that they were adopting Microsoft Azure for public cloud usage. Moreover, as part of a multi-year partnership, Google Cloud and Connecticut-based XPO Logistics worked together to enhance the movement of commodities throughout supply chains. XPO utilized Google Cloud's data analytics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities to build quicker, more effective supply chains with improved visibility. Additionally, in June 2023, Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. announced that it is rolling out a cloud computing service designed to power artificial intelligence systems similar to ChatGPT. HPE's high-performance computing and artificial intelligence unit said the company would use its experience in supercomputers to offer a service specifically for what are called large language models, the technology behind services, including ChatGPT.
Rising Focus on Security and Compliance
The escalating demand for advanced security measures, including intrusion prevention, threat detection, vulnerability assessments, and data encryption among businesses to safeguard critical information and digital assets is primarily driving the cloud managed services industry. Besides this, cloud MSPs provide expertise in understanding and implementing several compliance requirements that aid companies in avoiding potential financial and legal penalties, which is also propelling the market growth. For instance, according to the Data Security Council of India (DSCI), BFSI is one of India's top three sectors with the largest market share in cybersecurity expenditure. This is because of tightened norms from regulators, data localization, utility payments, e-commerce, and online insurance marketplaces. Such initiatives are expected to increase the adoption of endpoint security solutions in the country. Moreover, Hewlett Packard Enterprise announced that the company had signed a memorandum of understanding with the UAE Cyber Security Council to enhance cyber skills training in schools and prepare Emirati youth for careers in the technology industry.
Increasing Complexity of Cloud Environments
Cloud managed service providers offer specialized knowledge and skills to businesses that lack in-house expertise in managing complex cloud configurations effectively, which is acting as a significant growth-inducing factor. Moreover, the escalating demand for advanced services to manage various components, such as security, networking, databases, and application optimization is positively influencing the global market. For instance, Cisco released AppDynamics Cloud, a cloud-native observability platform for modern applications built on increasingly complex, distributed architectures and services. It is designed for simplicity, usefulness, and intuitiveness, and it enables IT teams to create the excellent digital experiences that organizations, customers, and end users currently demand. Current AppDynamics customers could upgrade to AppDynamics Cloud and continue to use their existing application performance monitoring (APM) agents or feed both platforms concurrently. AppDynamics Cloud supports AWS cloud-native and manages Kubernetes deployments, with a planned extension to Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform, and other cloud providers.
Cloud Managed Services Market Segmentation:
The report provides an analysis of the key trends in each segment of the market, along with forecasts at the global, regional, and country levels for 2024-2032. Our report has categorized the market based on service type, deployment model, organization size and vertical.Breakup by Service Type:
Managed Network ServicesManaged Business Services
Managed Security Services
Managed Infrastructure Services
Managed Mobility Services
Managed Communication and Collaboration Services
Managed network services dominate the market
The report has provided a detailed breakup and analysis of the market based on the service type. This includes managed network services, managed business services, managed security services, managed infrastructure services, managed mobility services, and managed communication and collaboration services. According to the report, managed network services represented the largest segment.
Managed network services incorporate various network-related activities, such as network implementation, design, maintenance, monitoring, security, and troubleshooting. Managed service providers offer businesses assistance in configuring network components with cloud environments to ensure optimal load balancing, connectivity, and resource allocation. For instance, LEAN, Kuwait's top national cloud solutions provider introduced its cloud-managed services that provide a unique option for businesses to concentrate their IT resources on attaining their goals. LEAN presented its clients with an integrated, optimized capability to manage their virtual data centers, disaster recovery, and backup & data protection services, reducing their capital and operational costs, improving security and compliance, and minimizing the risk with unheard-of speed and dependability. Additionally, LEAN leveraged its national cloud and professional services experience.
Breakup by Deployment Model:
Private CloudPublic Cloud
Private cloud holds the largest share in the market
The report has provided a detailed breakup and analysis of the market based on the deployment model. This includes private cloud and public cloud. According to the report, private cloud accounted for the largest market segment.
Private cloud offers a flexible and comprehensive computing environment dedicated to a single company, allowing enhanced data security and privacy and control over resources. It enables businesses to effectively scale applications, allocate computing resources, and manage workloads. For instance, Protera launched the Automated Disaster Recovery Framework in an effort to assist contemporary enterprises in making the shift from static, "check-box" disaster recovery (DR) plans to more dynamic, practical testing procedures. The disaster recovery (DR) solution gave businesses the ability to repeatedly test, validate, and demonstrate that their procedures can swiftly and effectively restore operations with little disruption to business operations in the event of a cyberattack.
Breakup by Organization Size:
Large EnterprisesSmall and Medium-sized Enterprises
Large enterprises hold the biggest share in the market
The report has provided a detailed breakup and analysis of the market based on the organization size. This includes large enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises. According to the report, large enterprises accounted for the largest market share.
Large enterprises require cloud managed services for architecture deployment, design, security, maintenance, and ongoing monitoring. They offer large enterprises the chance to improve overall efficiency and concentrate on the primary objectives effectively. For instance, Zoom announced critical updates to the Enterprise-grade security and Reliability platform for easy connection and staying organized to fit the needs of small businesses or large enterprises, with the features of privacy and security needed. In addition to this, Axis Bank partnered with Amazon Web Services (AWS) to use the AWS key management service, a fully managed service for cryptographic operations (KMS), AWS CloudHSM, a cloud-based hardware security module (HSM), AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM), AWS Encryption SDK, and a client-side encryption library to improve data security, compliance, and customer experience.
Breakup by Vertical:
Retail and Consumer GoodsBFSI
Telecom
Government and Public Sector
Healthcare and Lifesciences
Manufacturing
Energy and Utilities
IT
Others
Retail and consumer goods hold the maximum share in the market
The report has provided a detailed breakup and analysis of the market based on the vertical. This includes retail and consumer goods, BFSI, telecom, government and public sector, healthcare and lifesciences, manufacturing, energy and utilities, IT, and others. According to the report, retail and consumer goods accounted for the largest market share.
The extensive utilization of cloud managed services by retail businesses to easily navigate their IT infrastructure scale up or down to meet the evolving demands without the need for major upfront investments, is catalyzing the market growth in this segment. For instance, in July 2023, AuditBoard launched its new IT risk management offering, AuditBoard ITRM, a purpose-built solution for CISOs and their teams. AuditBoard ITRM is designed to enable collaboration between IT security and other organizational functions to accelerate the identification and classification of IT systems, perform business impact assessments, and remediate identified issues. Moreover, in November 2023, True Digital Group strategically collaborated with FiscalNote Holdings, Inc., an AI-driven enterprise SaaS technology provider of policy and global intelligence, to map 3rd and 4th party vendors and monitor critical risks, presenting an opportunity for financial institutions to understand and monitor risks within their expansive supplier networks and elevate transparency throughout the vendor ecosystem.
Breakup by Region:
North AmericaUnited States
Canada
Asia-Pacific
China
Japan
India
South Korea
Australia
Indonesia
Others
Europe
Germany
France
United Kingdom
Italy
Spain
Russia
Others
Latin America
Brazil
Mexico
Others
Middle East and Africa
North America exhibits a clear dominance, accounting for the largest cloud managed services market share
The report has also provided a comprehensive analysis of all the major regional markets, which include North America (the United States and Canada); Asia Pacific (China, Japan, India, South Korea, Australia, Indonesia, and others); Europe (Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Russia, and others); Latin America (Brazil, Mexico, and others); and the Middle East and Africa. According to the report, North America accounted for the largest market share, owing to the rising cloud computing activities among businesses to improve their operational efficiency. Additionally, the emerging trend of outsourcing integral company responsibilities is also catalyzing the market growth in this region. For instance, AWS Managed Services launched Accelerate. Regardless of where customers are in their cloud journey, AWS Managed Services (AMS) Accelerate represents a new cloud operations product that aids clients in achieving operational excellence. Accelerate manages all workloads operating on AWS, and customers have full access to all AWS services. Accelerate uses AWS services, such as AWS Systems Manager, Amazon CloudWatch, Amazon GuardDuty, and AWS Config for operations and security. These services can be integrated with existing business processes and are more affordable than other commercial solutions. Customers can now become production-ready in a matter of days.Competitive Landscape:
The market research report has also provided a comprehensive analysis of the competitive landscape in the market. Competitive analysis such as market structure, key player positioning, top winning strategies, competitive dashboard, and company evaluation quadrant has been covered in the report. Also, detailed profiles of all major companies have been provided. Some of the major market players in the Cloud Managed Services industry include:
Accenture plcAtos SE
Cisco Systems, Inc.
DXC Technology
Fujitsu Limited
Google LLC (Alphabet Inc.)
HCL Technologies
Hewlett Packard Enterprise
International Business Machines Corporation
Infosys Limited
NEC Corporation (AT&T Inc.)
NTT DATA Corporation (Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation)
Wipro Limited
(Please note that this is only a partial list of the key players, and the complete list is provided in the report.)
Cloud Managed Services Market News:
August 2023: International Business Machines Corporation announced the extension of its partnership with Microsoft to assist joint clients in accelerating the deployment of generative AI and delivering a novel offering that will innovate their business processes.April 2023: Alibaba Cloud unveiled cheaper options for its Elastic Compute Service and Object Storage Service and a large language model to keep pace with the demand for cloud services. The new ECS Universal is claimed to offer the same stability as ECS while reducing costs by up to 40%, and is suited for running web applications and websites, enterprise office applications, and offline data analysis. The OSS Reserved Capacity (OSS-RC) would let its customers reserve storage capacity in a specific cloud region for one year, reducing capacity cost by up to 50%.
March 2024: DMI, a global leader in end-to-end managed mobility services, has partnered with Dynamic Solutions Technology to form a joint venture, Dynamic Digital Transformation (DDT), which has been awarded a contract by the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) to support and manage the bureau’s enterprise mobility management services (EMMS).
Key Questions Answered in This Report
1. How big is the global cloud managed services market?2. What is the expected growth rate of the global cloud managed services market during 2024-2032?
3. What are the key factors driving the global cloud managed services market?
4. What has been the impact of COVID-19 on the global cloud managed services market?
5. What is the breakup of the global cloud managed services market based on the service type?
6. What is the breakup of the global cloud managed services market based on the deployment model?
7. What is the breakup of the global cloud managed services market based on the organization size?
8. What is the breakup of the global cloud managed services market based on the vertical?
9. What are the key regions in the global cloud managed services market?
10. Who are the key players/companies in the global cloud managed services market?
Table of Contents
1 Preface3 Executive Summary12 Value Chain Analysis14 Price Analysis
2 Scope and Methodology
4 Introduction
5 Global Cloud Managed Services Market
6 Market Breakup by Service Type
7 Market Breakup by Deployment Model
8 Market Breakup by Organization Size
9 Market Breakup by Vertical
10 Market Breakup by Region
11 SWOT Analysis
13 Porters Five Forces Analysis
15 Competitive Landscape
List of Figures
List of Tables
Companies Mentioned
- Accenture plc
- Atos SE
- Cisco Systems Inc.
- DXC Technology
- Fujitsu Limited
- Google LLC (Alphabet Inc.)
- HCL Technologies
- Hewlett Packard Enterprise
- International Business Machines Corporation
- Infosys Limited
- NEC Corporation (AT&T Inc.)
- NTT DATA Corporation (Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation)
- Wipro Limited
Methodology
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Table Information
Report Attribute | Details |
---|---|
No. of Pages | 146 |
Published | July 2024 |
Forecast Period | 2023 - 2032 |
Estimated Market Value ( USD | $ 53.2 Billion |
Forecasted Market Value ( USD | $ 145.7 Billion |
Compound Annual Growth Rate | 11.8% |
Regions Covered | Global |
No. of Companies Mentioned | 13 |