Contemporary Endoscopic Spine Surgery brings the reader the most up-to-date information on the endoscopy of the spine. Key opinion leaders from around the world have come together to present the clinical evidence behind their competitive endoscopic spinal surgery protocols. Chapters in the series cover a range of aspects of spine surgery including spinal pain generators, preoperative workup with modern independent predictors of favorable clinical outcomes with endoscopy, anesthesia in an outpatient setting, management of complications, and a fresh look at technology advances in a historical context. The reader will have a first-row seat during the illustrative discussions of expanded surgical indications from herniated disc to more complex clinical problems, including stenosis, instability, and deformity in patients with advanced degenerative disease of the human spine. Contemporary Endoscopic Spine Surgery is divided into three volumes: Cervical Spine, Lumbar Spine, and Advanced Technologies to capture an accurate snapshot in time of this fast-moving field.
It is intended as a comprehensive go-to reference text for surgeons in graduate residency and postgraduate fellowship training programs and for practicing spine surgeons interested in looking for the scientific foundation for expanding their clinical practice towards endoscopic surgery. This volume (Advanced Technologies) covers the following endoscopic spine surgery topics in 19 detailed chapters: endoscopic intradiscal therapy and foraminoplasty, evidence based medicine in spine surgery, artificial intelligence for spine surgery, postoperative management, transforaminal lumbar endoscopy and associated complications, laser applications in full endoscopy of the spine, high frequency surgery for the treatment of herniated discs, lumbar MRI, cost and maintenance management of endoscopic spine systems, regenerative medicine, interbody fusion, endoscopic intravertebral canal decompression after spinal fracture, treatment of lumbar tuberculosis, treatment of degenerative scoliosis, treatment of thoracic meningioma with spinal canal decompression, and cervical endoscopic unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression (CE-ULBD).
It is intended as a comprehensive go-to reference text for surgeons in graduate residency and postgraduate fellowship training programs and for practicing spine surgeons interested in looking for the scientific foundation for expanding their clinical practice towards endoscopic surgery. This volume (Advanced Technologies) covers the following endoscopic spine surgery topics in 19 detailed chapters: endoscopic intradiscal therapy and foraminoplasty, evidence based medicine in spine surgery, artificial intelligence for spine surgery, postoperative management, transforaminal lumbar endoscopy and associated complications, laser applications in full endoscopy of the spine, high frequency surgery for the treatment of herniated discs, lumbar MRI, cost and maintenance management of endoscopic spine systems, regenerative medicine, interbody fusion, endoscopic intravertebral canal decompression after spinal fracture, treatment of lumbar tuberculosis, treatment of degenerative scoliosis, treatment of thoracic meningioma with spinal canal decompression, and cervical endoscopic unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression (CE-ULBD).
Table of Contents
- Preface
- List of Contributors
- Anthony Yeung and Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski
- Introduction
- The Politics, Business, and Reimbursement for Endoscopic Spine
- Surgery
- The Reason Why Endoscopic Spine Surgery Should Require High
- Standards
- The Role of Injections as Prognosticators of Outcome
- The Role of Improved Endoscopes and Instrumentation
- The Role of Physician and Certification
- The Patient's Point of View & Placement of Spinal Endoscopy
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgement
- References
- Anthony Yeung and Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski
- Introduction
- Treatment Necessity Rationales
- Insurance Authorization
- The Personalized Medicine Approach
- The Societal Burden
- Spinal Pain Generators
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgement
- References
- Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski, Jorge Felipe Ramírez León and Anthony Yeung
- The Burden of Proof
- The Problem With Traditional Outcome Tools
- The Troubles of Orchestrating High-Level Evidence Spine
- Outcome Studies
- The Role of Evidence in Clinical Decision Making
- Outcome Study by Durability & Utilization Analysis
- The Comparative Durability Analysis
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgement
- References
- Sandeep Shah, Narendran Muraleedharan Basme, Vikram Sobti, Jorge Felipe Ramírez León
- And Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski
- Introduction
- Workflow Automation
- Three-Dimensional Demonstration
- The Radiology Bot
- Surgical Animation
- Ai Disc Herniation and Stenosis Detectors
- Clinical Series
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgement
- References
- Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski, Jorge Felipe Ramírez León, Álvaro Dowling, Stefan Hellinger, Nicholas
- A Ransom and Anthony Yeung
- Introduction
- The Reference Standards
- Sequelae
- Postoperative Dysesthesia
- Other Common Sequalae
- Failure to Cure & Readmissions
- Complications
- Dural Tear
- Infection
- Incomplete Decompression
- Recurrent Disc Herniation
- Foot Drop
- Reoperation
- Instrument Breakage
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgement
- References
- Stefan Hellinger, Anthony Yeung, Friedrich Tieber, Paulo Sérgio Teixeira De Carvalho, André
- Luiz Calderaro and Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski
- Introduction
- Basic Physics of Lasers
- Types of Medical Lasers
- Holmium Yag Laser (Ho: Yag Laser)
- Alexandrite Laser
- Argon Ion Laser (Argon Laser)
- Diode Laser
- Erbium Yag Laser (Er: Yag Laser)
- Excimer Laser
- Dye Laser (Fdl)
- Helium-Neon Laser (Hene Laser)
- Frequency-Doubled Neodymium Laser (Ktp Laser)
- Carbon Dioxide Laser (Co2 Laser)
- Neodymium Yag Laser (Nd: Yag Laser)
- Ruby Laser
- Laser Tissue Interactions
- Laser Room, Operating Room Setup
- Risks, Side Effects & Complications of Clinical Laser Use
- Lasers Suitable for Spine Decompression
- Neodymium Yag Laser (Nd: Yag Laser)
- Erbium: Yag
- Holmium Yag Laser
- Frequency-Doubled Neodymium Laser (Ktp)
- Carbon Dioxide Laser (Co2 Laser)
- Percutaneous Laser Decompression
- The Initial Evolution of Lasers in Spinal Endoscopy
- Laser as An Adjunct to Endoscopic Epidural Decompression
- Laser-Assisted Foraminoplasty
- Epiduroscopic Laser Neural Decompression
- Endoscopic Versus Percutaneous Laser Decompression
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgement
- References
- F Riedrich Tieber, Stefan Hellinger, Hyeun-Sung Kim and Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski
- Introduction
- Differentiation Between Rf, High Rf and Radio Waves
- General Aspects of Hf Surgery
- The Faradic Effect
- The Electrical Effect
- The Thermal Effect
- Electrotomy
- Coagulation
- Argon Plasma Coagulation
- Coblation
- Risks of Hf Surgery
- Electrode Bonding
- Burns
- Electrosurgery and High Frequency
- Frequency & Modulation - Pulsed Radio Frequency
- Increased Safety Through Innovation
- Automatic Power Metering
- Two-Part Neutral Electrode (Monopolar)
- Bipolar Technique
- Impedance & Capacitive Resistance
- Cold Cutting High-Frequency
- Thermal Energy in Spine Applications
- Hf Intervertebral Disc Surgery
- Hf in Percutaneous & Endoscopic Spine Procedures
- Percutaneous Coblation
- Hf Systems for Endoscopic Disc Surgery
- Nucleoplasty by Arthrocare™
- Arthrocare Disc Nucleoplasty™
- Intradiscal Electrothermal Annuloplasty (Idet™)
- Radionics Rf Disc Catheter System™
- Joimax® Karlsruhe, Germany
- Kirwan® Rockwell, Massachusetts, Usa
- Elliquence® Baldwin, New York 11510, Usa
- Targeting Pain Generators by Probe Steering
- I Nfluence of Irrigation Fluids on the Impedance & Tissue Effects
- User Friendly Configuration
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgement
- References
- Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski, Stefan Hellinger, Paulo De Carvalho, Max Rogério Freitas Ramos And Jorge Felipe Ramírez León
- Introduction
- The Prognostic Value of the Mri Scan
- The Value-Based Solution
- Surgical Decision Making
- Radiologic Classifications
- Surgical Techniques and Vvisualized Pathology
- C Orrelation of Mri, Visualized Pathology and Surgical Outcomes
- Clinical Series
- Outcomes Correlation to Preop Mri Grading
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgement
- References
- Friedrich Tieber, Stefan Hellinger and Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski
- Introduction
- Cost Management of Medical Devices
- Equipment Procurement
- Repair Cost of Endoscopic Instruments
- Repair Costs for Endoscopes
- Damage Recognition of Defect Rigid Endoscope
- Damage Recognition of Defect Rigid Endoscopes
- How to Reduce the Costs of Repair and Service
- Repair Categories for Endoscopes
- Regulations & Legal Implications
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgement
- References
- Álvaro Dowling, Juan Carlos Vera and Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski
- Introduction
- Regenerative Medicine Strategies
- Platelet Rich Plasma
- Active Factors in Prp
- Prp Spinal Fusion Application
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells & Degenerative Disc Disease
- Gene Therapy for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
- Spinal Fusion Biology & Regenerative Strategies
- Clinical Series
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgement
- References
- Ablation for Chronic Low Back Pain Associated With Modic Changes
- Byapak Paudel, Nitin Maruti Adsul, Hyeun Sung Kim and Il-Tae Jang
- Introduction
- The Rationale of Transforaminal Laser Ablation of The
- Basivertebral Nerve
- Surgical Setup
- Equipment and Instruments
- Patient Positioning
- Anesthesia
- Landmarks
- Docking Points
Contributors
- Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski
- Jorge Felipe Ramírez León
- Anthony Yeung
