Nanotechnology has progressed to the point where it can mimic natural systems such as porous membranes or the structure of leaves. Technological advances have resulted in a boom in the use of nanotechnology in different areas of engineering, including water purification systems. This book explores nanomaterials used for removing various textile dyes from water. It compiles 8 chapters that discuss the materials and nano systems used in these processes.
This reference is designed to provide answers to common questions for scholars, academicians and technologists about fundamentals of nanoscience and nanomaterial induced removal of textile dyes. College students (physics, chemistry and materials science, engineering) will be able to easily understand the subject matter.
This reference is designed to provide answers to common questions for scholars, academicians and technologists about fundamentals of nanoscience and nanomaterial induced removal of textile dyes. College students (physics, chemistry and materials science, engineering) will be able to easily understand the subject matter.
Key Features:
- Covers the basics of nano systems, from synthesis to applications
- Explains the basics of nanomaterial behavior and characterization
- Describes the classifications of dyes
- Explains the interactions nanomaterials with different dyes
- Explains the reaction mechanisms of photocatalysis and the kinetics behind adsorption - two important methods for removing dyes from water
- Discusses nano systems that are useful for textile dye removal from water. 3 types of nano systems are included: carbon based, oxide based, polymer based or nitride based systems
- Includes references for further reading
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction To Nanomaterials- The Higher Ratio Between Surface And Volume
- Quantum Effect
- Density Of The States
- Synthesis Of Nanomaterial
- According To The Growth Media
- According To The Form Of Products
- Self-Assembly
- History Of Nanomaterials
- Applications Of Nanotechnology
- Nature And Nanotechnology
- What Distinguishes Nanomaterial From Bulk?
- Interaction Between Solids And Liquids
- Surface Energy
- Wetting
- Contact Angle
- Hydrophobicity And Hydrophilicity
- Lotus And Petal Effect
- Application Of Hydrophobic Surfaces
- Equilibrium State And Calculation Of Surface Energy
- From Nanoscience To Nanotechnology
- Environmental Analysis
- Environmental Effects & Risks
- Conclusion
- References
- A Brief Review Of Crystal Structures
- Concepts Of Bravais Lattice
- Basics Of Free Electron Theory And Transport Phenomena
- Basic Quantum Mechanics Describing Nanoworld
- Bohr’S Model Of Hydrogen Atom
- Schrodinger Equation
- Applications Of Schrödinger Equation
- Particle Confined In A 1D Box
- Potential Step: Reflection And Tunneling: Quantum Leak
- Quantum Confinement Effect In Nanomaterials
- Exciton
- Few More Points About Exciton, Bohr Radius And Quantum Confinement
- Coulomb Gap
- Density Of States
- Transport Phenomena In Nanomaterials (Landauer-Buttiker Formula)
- Lementary Fermi-Dirac Statistics
- Some Features Of Fermi-Dirac Distribution Function
- Conclusion
- References
- Wave Nature Of Light
- Superposition Principle
- Resolving Power
- Basics Of Optical Microscopes
- A Brief History
- Basic Construction
- Eyepiece Lens
- Tube
- Arm
- Base
- Illuminator
- Stage
- Revolving Nose-Piece Or Turret
- Objective Lenses
- Rack Stop
- Condenser Lens
- Diaphragm Or Iris
- How To Focus Your Microscope
- Different Kinds Of Errors And Aberrations In Imaging Through A Microscope
- Chromatic Aberration
- Spherical Aberration
- Coma
- Astigmatism
- Curvature
- Distortion
- Resolving Power Of Microscope
- Electron Microscope
- High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope
- The Electron Gun
- Electron Acceleration
- The Electron Gun
- The Specimen Stage
- The Imaging System
- Mass-Thickness Contrast
- Diffraction Contrast
- Phase Contrast
- Sample Preparation
- Scanning Electron Microscope (Sem) And Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (Fesem)
- Lenses In The Sem
- Interaction Volume
- Image Formation
- Magnification In The Sem
- Image Quality
- Signals And Imaging Modes In The Sem
- Defects In Sem Imaging
- Charging
- Depth
- Contrast
- Scanning Probe Microscopy
- Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Introduction
- Classification Of Dyes
- Dyes Based On The Chromophores Present And Ci
- Industrial Application Categories
- Disperse Dye
- Direct Dyes
- Reactive Dyes
- Vat Dyes
- Basic Dyes
- Vat Dyes
- Acid Dyes
- Sulphur Dyes
- Azo Dye
- Impact Of Textile Dyes On The Environment
- Concluding Remarks
- Conclusion
- References
- Carbon Nanostructures: Brief History And Properties
- Carbon And Its Different Hybridized States
- Carbon Nanotubes
- Diamond-Like Carbon
- Introduction To Graphitic Carbon Nitride
- Basic Structure And Synthesis Techniques Of Graphitic Carbon Nitride
- Properties Of Graphitic Carbon Nitride
- Applications Of Graphitic Carbon Nitride
- Introduction To Zinc Oxide
- The Basic Structure And Synthesis Techniques Of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures
- Properties Of Zinc Oxide
- Mechanical Properties
- Electrical Properties
- Various Synthesis Procedures Of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures
- Indirect Process
- Direct Process
- Wet Chemical Process
- Laboratory Synthesis
- Potential Applications Of Zinc Oxide
- Electronics
- Zinc Oxide Nanorod Sensor
- Spintronics
- Piezoelectricity
- Li-Ion Battery
- Silicon Nanowires (Sinws)
- Why Silicon Nanowires?
- Synthesis Of Silicon Nanowires (Sinws)
- Metal Assisted Chemical Etching Process
- Properties Of Nanowires
- Electronic And Optical Properties
- Magnetic Properties
- Thermal And Mechanical Properties
- Applications Of Sinws
- Sinws In Device Application
- Sinws In Data Storage Technology
- Sinws In Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries
- Sinws As Ultra-Violet (Uv) Leds And Lasers
- Sinws As Efficient Thermoelectric Materials
- Sinws As Chemical And Biomedical Sensors
- Conclusion
- References
- Explanation Of Photocatalysis
- Types And Characteristics Of Nanophotocatalysts
- I Photo-Lysis Or Photo-Dissociation
- Now The Question Comes Why Does The Morse Graph Appear As It Does?
- Activation Energy
- Catalytic Under Photon Irradiation
- Photo-Generated Catalysis
- Non-Catalytic Under Photon Irradiation
- Photochemical Laws
- Lambert’S Law
- Beer’S Law
- Grotthus -Draper Law (First Law Of Photochemistry)
- Stark-Einstein’S Law (Second Law Of Photochemistry)
- Quantum Yield Or Quantum Efficiency
- Reason For Low Quantum Yields
- Conclusion
- References
- What Is Absorption?
- What Is Adsorption?
- Types Of Absorption
- Types Of Adsorption
- Basic Of Adsorption Process
- Laboratory-Based Experimental Setup
- Basic Analysis Technique
- Theories Behind Adsorption (Adsorption Isotherms)
- One-Parameter Isotherm
- Two-Parameter Isotherm
- Hill-Deboer Model
- Dubinin-Radushkevich Isotherm
- Flory-Huggins Isotherm
- Three-Parameter Isotherm
- Redlich-Peterson Isotherm
- Koble-Carrigan Isotherm
- Kahn Isotherm
- Three-Parameter Isotherm
- Four-Parameter Isotherms
- Error Analysis
- The Sum Square Of Errors (Errsq)
- Hybrid Fractional Error Function (Hybrid)
- Marquardt’S Percent Standard Deviation (Mpsd)
- Coefficient Of Determination (𝑅 2 ) Spearman’S Correlation Coefficient (𝑅𝑠) And Standard Deviation Of Relative Errors (𝑆re)
- Coefficient Of Non-Determination
- Experimental Data For Analysis With Two Parameter Isotherm
- Reaction Kinetics
- Pseudo-First-Order And Second Order Kinetic Model
Author
- Diptonil Banerjee
- Amit Kumar Sharma
- Nirmalya Sankar Das
