+353-1-416-8900REST OF WORLD
+44-20-3973-8888REST OF WORLD
1-917-300-0470EAST COAST U.S
1-800-526-8630U.S. (TOLL FREE)

Citrus Oil Global Market Insights 2024, Analysis and Forecast to 2029, by Manufacturers, Regions, Technology, Application

  • PDF Icon

    Report

  • 91 Pages
  • February 2024
  • Region: Global
  • Prof Research
  • ID: 5689881
Description Jump to:

Quick Summary:

In the fast-evolving world of holistic health and natural products, the role of citrus oils is gaining weight. As a commodity with myriad applications in food, beverages, cosmetics, and wellness sectors, these aromatic essential oils play a pivotal part in numerous industries. Understanding dynamic market shifts and keeping up-to-date with cutting-edge insights is crucial for success in this competitive arena.

This comprehensive market research report offers a deep dive into the world of Citrus Oil, analyzing data from 2017, forecasting trends up to 2027, and spotlighting key players in the global market. It meticulously crafts a detailed evaluation of regional supply, demand, and price trends across North America, South America, Asia & Pacific, Europe, MEA, CIS, and Brazil. It also delves into the competitive landscape, scrutinizing company profiles, main business information, SWOT analysis, production capacity, revenue scales, and market share. In essence, this report is a vital instrument designed to equip you with the insights needed to navigate and excel in this blossoming industry.

This report describes the global market size of Citrus Oil from 2019 to 2023 and its CAGR from 2019 to 2023, and also forecasts its market size to the end of 2029 and its CAGR from 2024 to 2029.

For the geography segment; regional supply, demand, major players, and price is presented from 2019 to 2029.

This report covers the following regions:

  • North America
  • South America
  • Asia & Pacific
  • Europe
  • MEA
The key countries for each region are also included, such as the United States, China, Japan, India, Korea, ASEAN, Germany, France, UK, Italy, Spain, CIS, and Brazil etc.

For the competitor segment, the report includes global key players of Citrus Oil as well as some small players.

The information for each competitor includes:

  • Company Profile
  • Main Business Information
  • SWOT Analysis
  • Production Capacity, Production Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin
  • Market Share

Applications Segment:

  • Food & Beverages
  • Cosmetics and Personal Care Products
  • Home Care Products
  • Therapeutic Massage Oils
  • Others

Companies Covered:

  • Young Living Essential Oils
  • Mountain Rose Herbs
  • Farotti Essenze
  • Moksha Lifestyle
  • Dterra Holdings
  • Plant Therapy Essential Oils
  • Monteloeder
  • Shanghai Pu-Jie Fragrance Co. Ltd.
Base Year: 2024
Historical Data: from 2019 to 2023
Forecast Data: from 2024 to 2029


This product will be delivered within 1-3 business days.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Executive SummaryChapter 2 Abbreviation and Acronyms
Chapter 3 Preface
3.1 Research Scope
3.2 Research Sources
3.2.1 Data Sources
3.2.2 Assumptions
3.3 Research Method
Chapter 4 Market Landscape
4.1 Market Overview
4.2 Classification/Types
4.3 Application/End Users
Chapter 5 Market Trend Analysis
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Drivers
5.3 Restraints
5.4 Opportunities
5.5 Threats
Chapter 6 Industry Chain Analysis
6.1 Upstream/Suppliers Analysis
6.2 Citrus Oil Analysis
6.2.1 Technology Analysis
6.2.2 Cost Analysis
6.2.3 Market Channel Analysis
6.3 Downstream Buyers/End Users
Chapter 7 Latest Market Dynamics
7.1 Latest News
7.2 Merger and Acquisition
7.3 Planned/Future Project
7.4 Policy Dynamics
Chapter 8 Trading Analysis
8.1 Export of Citrus Oil by Region
8.2 Import of Citrus Oil by Region
8.3 Balance of Trade
Chapter 9 Historical and Forecast Citrus Oil Market in North America (2019-2029)
9.1 Citrus Oil Market Size
9.2 Citrus Oil Demand by End Use
9.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
9.4 Type Segmentation and Price
9.5 Key Countries Analysis
9.5.1 United States
9.5.2 Canada
9.5.3 Mexico
Chapter 10 Historical and Forecast Citrus Oil Market in South America (2019-2029)
10.1 Citrus Oil Market Size
10.2 Citrus Oil Demand by End Use
10.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
10.4 Type Segmentation and Price
10.5 Key Countries Analysis
10.5.1 Brazil
10.5.2 Argentina
10.5.3 Chile
10.5.4 Peru
Chapter 11 Historical and Forecast Citrus Oil Market in Asia & Pacific (2019-2029)
11.1 Citrus Oil Market Size
11.2 Citrus Oil Demand by End Use
11.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
11.4 Type Segmentation and Price
11.5 Key Countries Analysis
11.5.1 China
11.5.2 India
11.5.3 Japan
11.5.4 South Korea
11.5.5 Southeast Asia
11.5.6 Australia
Chapter 12 Historical and Forecast Citrus Oil Market in Europe (2019-2029)
12.1 Citrus Oil Market Size
12.2 Citrus Oil Demand by End Use
12.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
12.4 Type Segmentation and Price
12.5 Key Countries Analysis
12.5.1 Germany
12.5.2 France
12.5.3 United Kingdom
12.5.4 Italy
12.5.5 Spain
12.5.6 Belgium
12.5.7 Netherlands
12.5.8 Austria
12.5.9 Poland
12.5.10 Russia
Chapter 13 Historical and Forecast Citrus Oil Market in MEA (2019-2029)
13.1 Citrus Oil Market Size
13.2 Citrus Oil Demand by End Use
13.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
13.4 Type Segmentation and Price
13.5 Key Countries Analysis
13.5.1 Egypt
13.5.2 Israel
13.5.3 South Africa
13.5.4 Gulf Cooperation Council Countries
13.5.5 Turkey
Chapter 14 Summary For Global Citrus Oil Market (2019-2024)
14.1 Citrus Oil Market Size
14.2 Citrus Oil Demand by End Use
14.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
14.4 Type Segmentation and Price
Chapter 15 Global Citrus Oil Market Forecast (2024-2029)
15.1 Citrus Oil Market Size Forecast
15.2 Citrus Oil Demand Forecast
15.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
15.4 Type Segmentation and Price Forecast
Chapter 16 Analysis of Global Key Vendors
16.1 Young Living Essential Oils
16.1.1 Company Profile
16.1.2 Main Business and Citrus Oil Information
16.1.3 SWOT Analysis of Young Living Essential Oils
16.1.4 Young Living Essential Oils Citrus Oil Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
16.2 Mountain Rose Herbs
16.2.1 Company Profile
16.2.2 Main Business and Citrus Oil Information
16.2.3 SWOT Analysis of Mountain Rose Herbs
16.2.4 Mountain Rose Herbs Citrus Oil Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
16.3 Farotti Essenze
16.3.1 Company Profile
16.3.2 Main Business and Citrus Oil Information
16.3.3 SWOT Analysis of Farotti Essenze
16.3.4 Farotti Essenze Citrus Oil Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
16.4 Moksha Lifestyle
16.4.1 Company Profile
16.4.2 Main Business and Citrus Oil Information
16.4.3 SWOT Analysis of Moksha Lifestyle
16.4.4 Moksha Lifestyle Citrus Oil Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
16.5 Dterra Holdings
16.5.1 Company Profile
16.5.2 Main Business and Citrus Oil Information
16.5.3 SWOT Analysis of Dterra Holdings
16.5.4 Dterra Holdings Citrus Oil Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
16.6 Plant Therapy Essential Oils
16.6.1 Company Profile
16.6.2 Main Business and Citrus Oil Information
16.6.3 SWOT Analysis of Plant Therapy Essential Oils
16.6.4 Plant Therapy Essential Oils Citrus Oil Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
16.7 Monteloeder
16.7.1 Company Profile
16.7.2 Main Business and Citrus Oil Information
16.7.3 SWOT Analysis of Monteloeder
16.7.4 Monteloeder Citrus Oil Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
16.8 Shanghai Pu-Jie Fragrance Co. Ltd.
16.8.1 Company Profile
16.8.2 Main Business and Citrus Oil Information
16.8.3 SWOT Analysis of Shanghai Pu-Jie Fragrance Co. Ltd.
16.8.4 Shanghai Pu-Jie Fragrance Co. Ltd. Citrus Oil Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
List of Tables and Figures
Table Abbreviation and Acronyms List
Table Research Scope of Citrus Oil Report
Table Data Sources of Citrus Oil Report
Table Major Assumptions of Citrus Oil Report
Figure Market Size Estimated Method
Figure Major Forecasting Factors
Figure Citrus Oil Picture
Table Citrus Oil Classification
Table Citrus Oil Applications List
Table Drivers of Citrus Oil Market
Table Restraints of Citrus Oil Market
Table Opportunities of Citrus Oil Market
Table Threats of Citrus Oil Market
Table Raw Materials Suppliers List
Table Different Production Methods of Citrus Oil
Table Cost Structure Analysis of Citrus Oil
Table Key End Users List
Table Latest News of Citrus Oil Market
Table Merger and Acquisition List
Table Planned/Future Project of Citrus Oil Market
Table Policy of Citrus Oil Market
Table 2019-2029 Regional Export of Citrus Oil
Table 2019-2029 Regional Import of Citrus Oil
Table 2019-2029 Regional Trade Balance
Figure 2019-2029 Regional Trade Balance
Table 2019-2029 North America Citrus Oil Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2019-2029 North America Citrus Oil Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2019-2029 North America Citrus Oil Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2019-2029 North America Citrus Oil Demand List by Application
Table 2019-2024 North America Citrus Oil Key Players Sales List
Table 2019-2024 North America Citrus Oil Key Players Market Share List
Table 2019-2029 North America Citrus Oil Demand List by Type
Table 2019-2024 North America Citrus Oil Price List by Type
Table 2019-2029 United States Citrus Oil Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2019-2029 United States Citrus Oil Import & Export List
Table 2019-2029 Canada Citrus Oil Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2019-2029 Canada Citrus Oil Import & Export List
Table 2019-2029 Mexico Citrus Oil Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2019-2029 Mexico Citrus Oil Import & Export List
Table 2019-2029 South America Citrus Oil Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2019-2029 South America Citrus Oil Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2019-2029 South America Citrus Oil Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2019-2029 South America Citrus Oil Demand List by Application
Table 2019-2024 South America Citrus Oil Key Players Sales List
Table 2019-2024 South America Citrus Oil Key Players Market Share List
Table 2019-2029 South America Citrus Oil Demand List by Type
Table 2019-2024 South America Citrus Oil Price List by Type
Table 2019-2029 Brazil Citrus Oil Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2019-2029 Brazil Citrus Oil Import & Export List
Table 2019-2029 Argentina Citrus Oil Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2019-2029 Argentina Citrus Oil Import & Export List
Table 2019-2029 Chile Citrus Oil Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2019-2029 Chile Citrus Oil Import & Export List
Table 2019-2029 Peru Citrus Oil Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2019-2029 Peru Citrus Oil Import & Export List
Table 2019-2029 Asia & Pacific Citrus Oil Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2019-2029 Asia & Pacific Citrus Oil Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2019-2029 Asia & Pacific Citrus Oil Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2019-2029 Asia & Pacific Citrus Oil Demand List by Application
Table 2019-2024 Asia & Pacific Citrus Oil Key Players Sales List
Table 2019-2024 Asia & Pacific Citrus Oil Key Players Market Share List
Table 2019-2029 Asia & Pacific Citrus Oil Demand List by Type
Table 2019-2024 Asia & Pacific Citrus Oil Price List by Type
Table 2019-2029 China Citrus Oil Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2019-2029 China Citrus Oil Import & Export List
Table 2019-2029 India Citrus Oil Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2019-2029 India Citrus Oil Import & Export List
Table 2019-2029 Japan Citrus Oil Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2019-2029 Japan Citrus Oil Import & Export List
Table 2019-2029 South Korea Citrus Oil Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2019-2029 South Korea Citrus Oil Import & Export List
Table 2019-2029 Southeast Asia Citrus Oil Market Size List
Table 2019-2029 Southeast Asia Citrus Oil Market Volume List
Table 2019-2029 Southeast Asia Citrus Oil Import List
Table 2019-2029 Southeast Asia Citrus Oil Export List
Table 2019-2029 Australia Citrus Oil Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2019-2029 Australia Citrus Oil Import & Export List
Table 2019-2029 Europe Citrus Oil Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2019-2029 Europe Citrus Oil Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2019-2029 Europe Citrus Oil Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2019-2029 Europe Citrus Oil Demand List by Application
Table 2019-2024 Europe Citrus Oil Key Players Sales List
Table 2019-2024 Europe Citrus Oil Key Players Market Share List
Table 2019-2029 Europe Citrus Oil Demand List by Type
Table 2019-2024 Europe Citrus Oil Price List by Type
Table 2019-2029 Germany Citrus Oil Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2019-2029 Germany Citrus Oil Import & Export List
Table 2019-2029 France Citrus Oil Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2019-2029 France Citrus Oil Import & Export List
Table 2019-2029 United Kingdom Citrus Oil Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2019-2029 United Kingdom Citrus Oil Import & Export List
Table 2019-2029 Italy Citrus Oil Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2019-2029 Italy Citrus Oil Import & Export List
Table 2019-2029 Spain Citrus Oil Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2019-2029 Spain Citrus Oil Import & Export List
Table 2019-2029 Belgium Citrus Oil Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2019-2029 Belgium Citrus Oil Import & Export List
Table 2019-2029 Netherlands Citrus Oil Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2019-2029 Netherlands Citrus Oil Import & Export List
Table 2019-2029 Austria Citrus Oil Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2019-2029 Austria Citrus Oil Import & Export List
Table 2019-2029 Poland Citrus Oil Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2019-2029 Poland Citrus Oil Import & Export List
Table 2019-2029 Russia Citrus Oil Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2019-2029 Russia Citrus Oil Import & Export List
Table 2019-2029 MEA Citrus Oil Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2019-2029 MEA Citrus Oil Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2019-2029 MEA Citrus Oil Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2019-2029 MEA Citrus Oil Demand List by Application
Table 2019-2024 MEA Citrus Oil Key Players Sales List
Table 2019-2024 MEA Citrus Oil Key Players Market Share List
Table 2019-2029 MEA Citrus Oil Demand List by Type
Table 2019-2024 MEA Citrus Oil Price List by Type
Table 2019-2029 Egypt Citrus Oil Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2019-2029 Egypt Citrus Oil Import & Export List
Table 2019-2029 Israel Citrus Oil Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2019-2029 Israel Citrus Oil Import & Export List
Table 2019-2029 South Africa Citrus Oil Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2019-2029 South Africa Citrus Oil Import & Export List
Table 2019-2029 Gulf Cooperation Council Countries Citrus Oil Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2019-2029 Gulf Cooperation Council Countries Citrus Oil Import & Export List
Table 2019-2029 Turkey Citrus Oil Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2019-2029 Turkey Citrus Oil Import & Export List
Table 2019-2024 Global Citrus Oil Market Size List by Region
Table 2019-2024 Global Citrus Oil Market Size Share List by Region
Table 2019-2024 Global Citrus Oil Market Volume List by Region
Table 2019-2024 Global Citrus Oil Market Volume Share List by Region
Table 2019-2024 Global Citrus Oil Demand List by Application
Table 2019-2024 Global Citrus Oil Demand Market Share List by Application
Table 2019-2024 Global Citrus Oil Capacity List
Table 2019-2024 Global Citrus Oil Key Vendors Capacity Share List
Table 2019-2024 Global Citrus Oil Key Vendors Production List
Table 2019-2024 Global Citrus Oil Key Vendors Production Share List
Figure 2019-2024 Global Citrus Oil Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table 2019-2024 Global Citrus Oil Key Vendors Production Value List
Figure 2019-2024 Global Citrus Oil Production Value and Growth Rate
Table 2019-2024 Global Citrus Oil Key Vendors Production Value Share List
Table 2019-2024 Global Citrus Oil Demand List by Type
Table 2019-2024 Global Citrus Oil Demand Market Share List by Type
Table 2019-2024 Regional Citrus Oil Price List
Table 2024-2029 Global Citrus Oil Market Size List by Region
Table 2024-2029 Global Citrus Oil Market Size Share List by Region
Table 2024-2029 Global Citrus Oil Market Volume List by Region
Table 2024-2029 Global Citrus Oil Market Volume Share List by Region
Table 2024-2029 Global Citrus Oil Demand List by Application
Table 2024-2029 Global Citrus Oil Demand Market Share List by Application
Table 2024-2029 Global Citrus Oil Capacity List
Table 2024-2029 Global Citrus Oil Key Vendors Capacity Share List
Table 2024-2029 Global Citrus Oil Key Vendors Production List
Table 2024-2029 Global Citrus Oil Key Vendors Production Share List
Figure 2024-2029 Global Citrus Oil Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table 2024-2029 Global Citrus Oil Key Vendors Production Value List
Figure 2024-2029 Global Citrus Oil Production Value and Growth Rate
Table 2024-2029 Global Citrus Oil Key Vendors Production Value Share List
Table 2024-2029 Global Citrus Oil Demand List by Type
Table 2024-2029 Global Citrus Oil Demand Market Share List by Type
Table 2024-2029 Citrus Oil Regional Price List
Table Young Living Essential Oils Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Young Living Essential Oils
Table 2019-2024 Young Living Essential Oils Citrus Oil Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Figure 2019-2024 Young Living Essential Oils Citrus Oil Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2019-2024 Young Living Essential Oils Citrus Oil Market Share
Table Mountain Rose Herbs Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Mountain Rose Herbs
Table 2019-2024 Mountain Rose Herbs Citrus Oil Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Figure 2019-2024 Mountain Rose Herbs Citrus Oil Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2019-2024 Mountain Rose Herbs Citrus Oil Market Share
Table Farotti Essenze Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Farotti Essenze
Table 2019-2024 Farotti Essenze Citrus Oil Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Figure 2019-2024 Farotti Essenze Citrus Oil Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2019-2024 Farotti Essenze Citrus Oil Market Share
Table Moksha Lifestyle Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Moksha Lifestyle
Table 2019-2024 Moksha Lifestyle Citrus Oil Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Figure 2019-2024 Moksha Lifestyle Citrus Oil Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2019-2024 Moksha Lifestyle Citrus Oil Market Share
Table Dterra Holdings Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Dterra Holdings
Table 2019-2024 Dterra Holdings Citrus Oil Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Figure 2019-2024 Dterra Holdings Citrus Oil Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2019-2024 Dterra Holdings Citrus Oil Market Share
Table Plant Therapy Essential Oils Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Plant Therapy Essential Oils
Table 2019-2024 Plant Therapy Essential Oils Citrus Oil Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Figure 2019-2024 Plant Therapy Essential Oils Citrus Oil Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2019-2024 Plant Therapy Essential Oils Citrus Oil Market Share
Table Monteloeder Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Monteloeder
Table 2019-2024 Monteloeder Citrus Oil Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Figure 2019-2024 Monteloeder Citrus Oil Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2019-2024 Monteloeder Citrus Oil Market Share
Table Shanghai Pu-Jie Fragrance Co. Ltd. Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Shanghai Pu-Jie Fragrance Co. Ltd.
Table 2019-2024 Shanghai Pu-Jie Fragrance Co. Ltd. Citrus Oil Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Figure 2019-2024 Shanghai Pu-Jie Fragrance Co. Ltd. Citrus Oil Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2019-2024 Shanghai Pu-Jie Fragrance Co. Ltd. Citrus Oil Market Share
Table A.M. Todd Botanica Information
Table SWOT Analysis of A.M. Todd Botanica
Table 2019-2024 A.M. Todd Botanica Citrus Oil Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Figure 2019-2024 A.M. Todd Botanica Citrus Oil Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2019-2024 A.M. Todd Botanica Citrus Oil Market Share
......

Companies Mentioned

  • Young Living Essential Oils
  • Mountain Rose Herbs
  • Farotti Essenze
  • Moksha Lifestyle
  • Dterra Holdings
  • Plant Therapy Essential Oils
  • Monteloeder
  • Shanghai Pu-Jie Fragrance Co. Ltd.
  • A.M. Todd Botanica

Methodology

Loading
LOADING...

Related Topics

Related Reports

Citrus Oils Market by Source, Extraction Method, Fold Type, Grade Type, End-Use Industry - Global Forecast 2025-2030 - Product Image

Citrus Oils Market by Source, Extraction Method, Fold Type, Grade Type, End-Use Industry - Global Forecast 2025-2030

  • Report
  • 190 Pages
  • Global
From
Citrus Oils Market Forecast (2025-2032): Industry Size, Market Share Data, Business Insights, Latest Trends, Opportunities, Competitive Analysis and Demand Outlook Report - Product Image

Citrus Oils Market Forecast (2025-2032): Industry Size, Market Share Data, Business Insights, Latest Trends, Opportunities, Competitive Analysis and Demand Outlook Report

  • Report
  • 151 Pages
  • Global
From
Citrus Oil Market Outlook Report: Industry Size, Competition, Trends and Growth Opportunities by Region, YoY Forecasts from 2024 to 2031 - Product Image

Citrus Oil Market Outlook Report: Industry Size, Competition, Trends and Growth Opportunities by Region, YoY Forecasts from 2024 to 2031

  • Report
  • 144 Pages
  • Global
From
Citrus Oil Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Opportunity, and Forecast, 2018-2028 - Product Image

Citrus Oil Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Opportunity, and Forecast, 2018-2028

  • Report
  • 190 Pages
  • Global
From
Citrus Oils - Global Strategic Business Report - Product Image

Citrus Oils - Global Strategic Business Report

  • Report
  • 323 Pages
  • Global
From
Copyright © 2002-2024 Research and Markets. All Rights Reserved.