This book presents a comprehensive review of the recent developments in EMI shielding and the design of microwave absorbing materials. Chapters cover the basic mechanism of shielding and radiation absorption, measurement procedures, factors affecting the shielding and different materials for shielding and absorption (e.g. MWCNT, conjugated polymers, graphene, MXene based hybrid materials, Carbon foam, graphene based thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites, carbon-carbon composites, nano ferrite composites and conducting Ferro fluids). An analysis of EMI shielding using fillers composed of different materials is also presented.
In addition, key issues and current challenges to achieve better shielding and absorption performance for various materials are explained, giving the readers a broader perspective of the subject.
The book is suitable as a detailed reference for students in electronics engineering, materials science and other technical courses, and professionals working on materials for designing EMI shielding mechanisms.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
1.2. Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
1.3. Shielding Mechanism of E-Field and H-Field
1.4.3. Multiple Reflections
1.5. Conduction in the Microwave Field
1.6. Orientation Polarization
1.6.1. Electronic and Atomic Polarization
1.6.2. Interfacial Or Space Charge Polarization
1.7. Theoretical Calculations of Shielding Effectiveness
1.8. Shielding Effectiveness Measurement
1.8.1. Shielded Box Method
1.8.2. Open Area Or Free Space Method
1.8.3. Shielded Room Enclosures
1.8.4. Coaxial Transmission Line Method
1.8.5. Vector Network Analyzer
1.8.6. Nicholson-Ross-Weir Method
1.8.7. Nist Iterative Technique
1.8.8. Short Circuit Line (Scl) Technique
1.8.9. Dielectric Measurement Techniques
1.9. Factors Affecting the Emi Shielding Performance
1.9.1. Permittivity and Conductivity
1.9.2. Permeability and Magnetization
1.9.3. Attenuation Constant and Eddy Current Losses
1.9.4. Anisotropy, Domain Wall Displacement, Resonance and Snoek’S Limit
1.9.5. Morphology
1.9.6. Effect of Thickness
1.9.7. Impedance Matching
1.9.8. Materials for Emi Shielding
1.9.8.1. Conductors
1.9.8.2. Semiconductor
1.9.8.3. Magnetic Materials
1.9.8.4 Dielectric Composites
1.9.8.5. Conjugated Polymers
1.9.8.6. Dielectric-Conductor Composites
1.9.8.7. Magnetic Parameters
1.9.8.8. Permeability
1.9.8.9. Ferromagnetic Materials
1.9.8.10. Soft Ferrites
1.9.8.11. Hard Ferrites
1.10. Composites for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
1.11 5Th Generation (5G) Electromagnetic Radiation and Its Prevention
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 2 Lightweight Carbon Composite Foams for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Applications ……………………………………………………
- Introduction
2.2. Theory of Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
2.3. Methods for the Fabrication of Carbon Composite Foams
2.3.1. Foaming Method
2.3.2. Pressure Release Method
2.3.3. Template Method
2.4. Carbon Foams for Emi Shielding
2.4.1. Carbon Composite Foams With Carbon Fillers
2.4.2. Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Composite Foams for Emi Shielding
2.4.3. Graphene Reinforced Composite Foams for Emi Shielding
2.4.4. Metals Reinforced Composite Foams for Emi Shielding
- Conclusion and Future Perspective
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Introduction
3.2. Emi Parameters and Shielding Mechanism
3.3. Thermoplastic and Thermosetting Polymers
3.4. Common Fillers Used in Polymer Nanocomposites
3.4.1. Carbon-Based Nanostructures (Cbns)
3.4.2. Carbon Nanofiber (Cnf)
3.4.3. Carbon Nanotube (Cnt)
3.4.4. Graphene
3.4.5. Magnetic Fillers
3.4.6. Dielectric Fillers
3.4.7. Hybrid Nanostructures
3.5. Fabrication of Thermoplastic Polymer Nanocomposites
3.6. Main Strategies for the Processing of Cbns Reinforced Thermoplastic Pncs
3.6.1. Solution Processing
3.6.2. Melt Blending
3.6.3. In-Situ Polymerization
3.6.4. Layer-By-Layer Approach
3.7. Main Strategies for the Processing of Cbns Reinforced Thermoset Pncs
3.7.1. Hand Layup Method
3.7.2. Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Moulding
3.7.3. Hot Pressing Method
3.7.4. Bucky Paper Route
3.8. Emi Shielding Properties of Cbns Reinforced Pncs
3.8.1. Thermoplastic Polymer Nanocomposites-Based Emi Shield
3.8.2. Thermoset Polymer Nanocomposites-Based Emi Shield
- Conclusions and Future Outlook
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 4 Thermoplastic Polyurethane Graphene Nanocomposites for Emi Shielding
- Introduction
4.2. Emi Shielding Effectiveness
4.2.1. Reflection Loss
4.2.2. Absorption Loss
4.2.3. Multiple Reflections
4.3. Electromagnetic Attributes: Complex Permittivity and Permeability
4.4. Materials for Emi Shielding
4.4.1. Graphene
4.4.2. Synthesis of Graphene
4.4.2.1 Mechanical Exfoliation
4.4.2.2 Liquid-Phase Exfoliation of Graphite
4.4.2.3. Chemical Method: Exfoliation and Reduction of Graphite Oxide
4.4.2.4. Chemical Vapor Depositions
4.4.2.5. Thermal Decomposition of Silicon Carbide
4.5. Carbon Nanotubes
4.6. Graphene-Carbon Nanotubes Hybrid
4.6.1. Synthesis of Graphene-Carbon Nanotubes Hybrid
4.6.1.1. Solution Based Approaches: Simple Sonication and Reduction
4.6.1.2. Chemical Vapor Deposition
4.6.1.3. Preparation By Self-Assembly
4.7. Fabrication/Processing of Carbon Nanostructures-Based Polymer Composites
4.7.1. Solution Processing Or Solvent Casting
4.7.2. Melt Mixing
4.7.3. In-Situ Polymerization
4.8. Properties of Graphene/Graphene Hybrids-Based Polymer Nanocomposites
4.8.1. Electrical Conductivity and Emi Shielding Properties Cnt Based Pu Composites
4.8.2. Graphene Based Pu Composites
4.9. Applications of Graphene/Graphene Hybrids-Based Polymer Nanocomposites
- Summary, Conclusion & Future Scope
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 5 Synthesis of Poly (3, 4-Ethylene Dioxythiophene) Conducting Polymer Composites for Emi Shielding Applications …………………………….
- Introduction
5.1.1. Polythiophene
5.2. Conjugated Polymer Composites for Emi Shielding
5.2.1. Synthesis: Polymerization of Conjugated Polymers
5.2.1.1. Emulsion Polymerization
5.2.1.2. Synthesis of Conducting Pedot & Pedot’S Nanocomposites
5.2.1.3. Synthesis of Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonic Acid Doped Pedot
5.2.1.4. Synthesis of Pedot Grafted Mwcnt Composites
5.3. Characterization of Pedot and Pedot Grafted Mwcnt Composites
5.4. Electromagnetic Shielding and Dielectric Studies
5.5. Pedot/Mwcnt Composite Reinforced Polyurethane Conductive Films: Preparation, Characterization and Emi Shielding Studies
5.6. Preparation of Pu Conductive Sheets Incorporated With Pedot/Or Pedot Coated Mwcnts
5.7. Characterization of Pedot and Pedot Grafted Mwcnt Filled Pu Sheets
5.8. Pedot/Pss Coated Mwcnt Bucky Paper: Preparation, Characterization and Emi Shielding Studies
5.8.1. Preparation of Pedot/Pss Coated Mwcnt Bucky Paper
5.8.2. Synthesis of Pedot/ Rgo Nanocomposites
5.8.3. Dielectric Properties of Pedot’S Composites
5.8.4. Pedot/Graphene Composites
5.8.5. Pedot/Graphene/Srf Composites
5.8.6. Shielding Mechanism of Pedot/Graphene Composites
5.8.7. Pedot/Graphene/Srf Composites
- Concluding Remarks
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 6 Graphene and Its Derivatives Based Nanocomposites as Potential Candidate To Swallow Microwave Pollution
- Introduction
6.2. Electromagnetic Radiation Shielding Theory
6.3. Factors That Influence the Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
6.3.1. Skin Depth and Quarter Wave Principle
6.3.2. Magnetic Loss and Dielectric Loss Mechanism
Author
- Sundeep K. Dhawan
- Avanish Pratap Singh
- Anil Ohlan
- Kuldeep Singh Kakran
