Medicinal Usage of Cannabis and Cannabinoids

Table of Contents

Preface

I. Setting the scene and introductory chapters

1. How medical cannabis may influence the future of medicine Martha Rosenthal

2. Medical cannabis and cannabinoids: how best to extract components from plant material Roberta Costi

3. Medicinal usage of cannabis and its impact on mental health among cancer patients and survivors Nicolas Hernandez Ortega, Ye Chen, Jessica Y. Islam, Diane Rodriguez, Marlene Camacho-Rivera and Denise Christina Vidot

4. Cannabis sativa as a traditional phytomedicine: a new narrative covering different countries Md Nasir Ahmed, Tridib Paul, Md. Nur Kabidul Azam, Rownak Jahan and Mohammed Rahmatullah

5. Medical use of cannabis in the middle east Bader Hamza Shirah, Mohammed Ahmed and Ruba Saleh

6. What medicinal cannabis is used for: a focus on Canada Dean T. Eurich, Cerina Lee and Jason Dyck

7. New York perspectives of medical cannabis laboratory analysis Lingyun Li, Stacey Chmura, Christopher Judd and Bryan C. Duffy

8. Potential roles of epigenetic memory on the quality of clonal cannabis plants: Content and profile of secondary metabolites Mohsen Hesami and Max Jones

9. Aberrant use of medicinal cannabis: theoretical and empirical considerations Daniel Feingold

10. Profile of older users of medical cannabis and cannabinoids Joshua Brown

11. Use of cannabidiol oil by caregivers: a focus on Alzheimer's disease Magdalena Leszko

12. Medicinal use of cannabis: adverse events as a balanced perspective Giada Crescioli, Valentina Maggini, Fabio Firenzuoli, Alfredo Vannacci and Niccolo Lombardi

II. Physiological aspects and metabolic aspects

13. Physiopathology and use of cannabinoids for fibrotic diseases Carmen del Rio and E. Munoz

14. Cannabinoids in inflammation and atherosclerosis Leonor Thomson, Edward Moreira-Bahnson and Bruno Musetti

15. Targeting the CB(2) receptors and other endocannabinoid elements to delay disease progression in cardiovascular diseases Shreesh Ojha

16. BMI in cannabis users: regulation, mechanisms and public health impact Thomas Clark

III. Neurological, psychological and behavioural aspects

17. Neuroprotection by cannabis related products, cannabidiol and cannabigerol, and associated mechanisms of action Carolina Echeverry Sr., Jimena Fagetti, Miguel Reyes-Parada and Cecilia Scorza

18. Cannabis terpenes as neuroprotective agents: a focus on alpha-bisabolol John Staton Laws, Srijan Shrestha and Scott D. Smid

19. Cannabidiol in medicinal usage of stress: modelling investigations into cocaine M. Julia Garc�a-Fuster and Olga Valverde

20. Medicinal cannabis and neurocognition impairment Caroline MacCallum, April Christiansen, Lindsay Lo, Carly Pistawka, Michael Boivin and Melissa Snider-Adler

21. Genetic models of audiogenic seizures: what they are and how cannabinoids and Cannabis-derived compounds can be used to alleviate their symptoms an updated narrative Norberto Garcia-Cairasco

22. Addressing the validity of cannabinoid therapy as an option for the treatment of substance use disorder Rose Chesworth, Erin McLemon and Tim Karl

IV. Pharmacological and cellular aspects

23. Cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), features and profiles: anti-hyperalgesic effects G. Singh, Katja Linher-Melville and Raphael Mechoulam

24. Cannabis-drug interactions: implications for medicinal cannabis use Fran Gengo, Anna Mattle and Christopher Ralyea

25. Cannabinoid receptor subtype 2 (CB2R): features and targets for medical applications Marialessandra Contino, Carmen Abate, Nicola Antonio Colabufo, Francesco Leonetti and Angela Stefanachi

26. Medical use of cannabidiol and impact on cancer cell viability Kent E. Chair and Wesley Raup-Konsavage

27. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects of phytocannabinoid �-caryophyllene: A mechanistic overview Vafa Baradaran Rahimi, Arghavan Memarzia and Prof. Vahid Reza Askari

V. Symptom Control and Medicinal Uses

28. Cancer patients and providers: Attitudes and beliefs of cannabis and cannabinoids use as a treatment Kimberson Tanco

29. CBD (cannabidiol) use in breast cancer chemotherapy Ana I. Torres-Suarez, Ana Isabel Fraguas-S�nchez and Ana Fern�ndez-Carballido

30. Sleep: cannabis and cannabinoids use Eric Murillo-Rodr�guez

31. Cannabis and cannabis related products and their uses in aiding sexual health of men and women Lynnette Nathalie Lyzwinski

32. Symptom control in palliative care settings: The role of cannabis-based medicines Maximillian Stevenson and Leah Sera

33. Cannabidiol (CBD) Use in Fragile X Spectrum Disorders Devon Johnson and Randi J. Hagerman

34. Hempseed (Cannabis sativa) and ameliorative effects in hypercholesterolemia NAVEEN KAUSHAL

35. Benzodiazepines and cannabis use Chad Alexander Purcell

36. Features of (+)-trans-cannabidiol-2-hydroxy pentyland applications to disease: a focus on usage in diabetic nephropathy E. Munoz, Matthias Winkler, Marcus Goetz and Isabel Gonzalez Mariscal

37. Medical use of cannabis: applications to Tourette syndrome Kirsten R. M�ller-Vahl and Natalia Szejko

38. Cannabinoids and their use in chronic non-cancer pain: a new narrative review Stanley Sau-Ching Wong and Chi Wai Cheung

39. Endometriosis: features and potential role of medical cannabis Mike Armour and Justin Sinclair

40. Cannabis usage for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: a narrative Joseph Feuerstein and Rajsavi Anand

41. Medical cannabis and use in migraine Jessica Jiang and Alasdair M. Barr

42. Cannabidiol (CBD ) and potential in medicinal use in rheumatoid arthritis Torsten Lowin

43. Role of Cannabinoids in Glaucoma: Lowering Intraocular Pressure or Neuroprotection Ujendra Kumar, Sneha Singh and Rishi Somvanshi

44. Medicinal potential of anandamide as a representative endocannabinoid and its effect at the cellular level in skin Adrianna Maria Piasek and Anna Sobiepanek

VI. Resources

45. Medical Cannabis and Resources Rajkumar Rajendram

Authors

Victor R Preedy Professor, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King's College Hospital, London, UK; Emeritus Professor, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, UK Visiting Professor, University of Hull, UK. Victor R. Preedy BSc, PhD, DSc, FRSB, FRSPH, FRSC, FRCPath graduated with an Honours Degree in Biology and Physiology with Pharmacology. After gaining his University of London PhD, he received his Membership of the Royal College of Pathologists. He was later awarded his second doctorate (DSc), for his contribution to protein metabolism in health and disease. He is Professor of Clinical Biochemistry (Hon) at King's College Hospital and Emeritus Professor of Nutritional Biochemistry at King's College London. He has Honorary Professorships at the University of Hull, and the University of Suffolk. Professor Preedy was the Founding Director and then long-term Director of the Genomics Centre at King's College London from 2006 to 2020. Professor Preedy has been awarded fellowships of the Royal Society of Biology, the Royal College of Pathologists, the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, the Royal Institute of Public Health, the Royal Society for Public Health, the Royal Society of Chemistry and the Royal Society of Medicine. He carried out research when attached to the National Heart Hospital (part of Imperial College London), The School of Pharmacy (now part of University College London) and the MRC Centre at Northwick Park Hospital. He has collaborated with international research groups in Finland, Japan, Australia, USA, and Germany. To his credit, Professor Preedy has published over 750 articles, which includes peer-reviewed manuscripts based on original research, abstracts and symposium presentations, reviews and edited books. Vinood B. Patel Reader, University of Westminster, London, UK. Dr. Patel is a Reader at the University of Westminster. After completing his PhD at King's College London, he continued his research experience by undertaking his post-doctoral studies in the laboratory of Professor Cunningham in the Department of Biochemistry at the Wake Forest University School of Medicine, (Winston-Salem, NC, USA). This extensive project involved investigating mechanisms of hepatic mitochondrial ribosome dysfunction in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) using biophysical and proteomic techniques. These studies have led to new avenues in determining the pathology of ALD. His teaching areas at both post-graduate and undergraduate levels include clinical biochemistry, investigative pathology and laboratory investigation. Colin R Martin Professor of Clinical Psychobiology and Applied Psychoneuroimmunology and Clinical Director: Institute for Health and Wellbeing, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, UK. Colin R. Martin RN, BSc, MSc, PhD, MBA, YCAP, FHEA, C.Psychol, AFBPsS, C.Sci is Professor of Clinical Psychobiology and Applied Psychoneuroimmunology and Clinical Director of the Institute of Health and Wellbeing at the University of Suffolk, UK. He is a Chartered Health Psychologist and a Chartered Scientist. He also trained in analytical biochemistry, this aspect reflecting the psychobiological focus of much of his research within mental health. He has published or has in press well over 300 research papers and book chapters. He is a keen book author and editor having written and/or edited more than 50 books. These outputs include the prophetic insight into the treatment of neurological disease, Handbook of Behavior, Food and Nutrition (2011), Nanomedicine and the Nervous System (2012), Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants in Neurological Disease (2020), Zika Virus Impact, Diagnosis, Control and Models (2021), Factors Affecting Neurodevelopment: Genetics, Neurology, Behavior and Diet (2021), Diagnosis and Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury (2022), The Neurobiology, Physiology, and Psychology of Pain (2022) and The Handbook of Lifespan Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Childhood, Adolescence, Pregnancy, Adulthood, and Aging (2023). Professor Martin is particularly interested in all aspects of the relationship between underlying physiological substrates and behavior, particularly in how these relationships manifest in both acute and chronic psychiatric disorder. He has published original research germane to significant mental health disorders including the areas of schizophrenia, anxiety, depression, self-esteem, alcohol and drug dependency, high secure forensic mental health and personality disorder. He has a keen interest in the impact of postviral illness and is actively involved in clinical research post-Covid pandemic and in particular, the impact of Long Covid on psychological, neurological, physiological and social functioning. He is involved in collaborative International research with many European and Non-European countries.