The Asia Pacific food safety testing kits market is expected to grow from US$ 4,620.38 million in 2022 to US$ 7,422.59 million by 2028. It is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 8.2% from 2022 to 2028.
Innovations in Food Safety Testing Drives the Growth of Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market
Regardless of the restraints posed by the complexity in techniques pertaining to food safety testing, food labs are increasingly developing new and improved testing methods that make the current methods of testing quicker and more affordable. The focus on drawbacks associated with several technologies, cost of testing, sample utilization, and reducing lead time has resulted in development of new technologies and technological innovation. Greater adoption of these technologies is an opportunity for small and medium-scale laboratories to compete with large market players in the industry and expand their service offerings. These technologies offer non-targeted screening with low turnaround time, multi-contaminant testing, better reliability, higher accuracy in results, and higher sensitivity. Technologies such as Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The real time PCR tests give more reliable results since they are more sensitive and provide results within 5 to 12 hours. ICP-MS can produce high-quality data within a few minutes for elements with a wide range of atomic masses, usually helpful in detection of chemical residue or heavy metals in seafood. NIRS is a rapid testing technology that is used for quantitative determination of food constituents in most food items. NMR is spreading quickly in Asia-Pacific region, as the technique is used to examine textures without any physical incursion or marker compounds. The machinery required for NMR spectroscopy is expensive, however, the international players involved in food safety testing market are heavily investing in the technology to make it available in regions such as Asia-Pacific. Moreover, the ease in supply chain enables food manufacturers to get access to technology across the region by sending food samples to obtain accurate results. Thus, the innovations in food safety testing increases the new opportunity for Asia Pacific food safety testing kits market during the forecast period. Additionally, Foodborne diseases are preventable hence numerous organizations along with governments are leading coordinated action across multiple industries to build resilient and strong food safety systems. The involved parties are heavily investing to provide consumers with tools to make safe food choices. Thus, the emergence of foodborne illness drives the Asia Pacific food safety testing kits market growth during the forecast period.Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market Overview
Foodborne illnesses have become a major concern for health systems in the Asia-Pacific. The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) published data in 2019 that suggested that nearly 275 million people fall sick annually in the Asia-Pacific region due to foodborne illnesses. Food safety concerns also have a negative impact on the food trade. The report also suggested that unsafe water and food kill more people each year than measles, malaria, and AIDS combined worldwide, and the issue requires utmost attention by all countries, especially ones in Asia-Pacific as the region has had a poor record in preventing foodborne illnesses. Moreover, there are numerous cases in the region where illnesses and deaths associated with consuming unsafe food could have been prevented. While food security is a major health issue, it also results in damage to livelihoods, lost productivity, and hinders the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goal of Zero Hunger by 2030 set by the UN. The poor mishandling of food and hygiene is one of the main culprits in the region for contamination. Moreover, as the region is becoming a major hub of the food and beverages industry, witnessing aggressive growth for the Asia Pacific food safety testing kits market, food safety is expected to grow over the forecast period.Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market Segmentation
The Asia Pacific food safety testing kits market is segmented into contaminant, technology, food type, and country.- Based on contaminant, the Asia Pacific food safety testing kits market is segmented into pathogen, pesticides, toxins, GMOS, and others. The pathogen segment held the largest market share in 2022. By pathogen, market segmented into salmonella, E.coli, listeria, campylobacter, s. aureus, and others.
- Based on technology, the Asia Pacific food safety testing kits market is bifurcated into traditional, and rapid. The rapid segment held the larger market share in 2022.By rapid, market segmented into PCR-based testing, immunoassay-based testing, LAMP, and others.
- Based on food type, the Asia Pacific food safety testing kits market is segmented into meat, poultry, & seafood products, dairy products, cereals & grains, processed food, fruits & vegetables, and others. The meat, poultry, & seafood products segment dominated the market share in 2022.
- Based on country, the Asia Pacific food safety testing kits market is segmented into China, Japan, India, Australia, South Korea, and the Rest of Asia Pacific. The China dominated the market share in 2022.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction1.1 Study Scope
1.2 Research Report Guidance
1.3 Market Segmentation
2. Key Takeaways
3. Research Methodology
3.1 Scope of the Study
3.2 Research Methodology
3.2.1 Data Collection:
3.2.2 Primary Interviews:
3.2.3 Hypothesis Formulation:
3.2.4 Macro-economic Factor Analysis:
3.2.5 Developing Base Number:
3.2.6 Data Triangulation:
3.2.7 Country Level Data:
3.2.8 Assumption and Limitation:
4. Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market Overview
4.1 Market Overview
4.2 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
4.2.1 Threat of New Entrants:
4.2.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers:
4.2.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers:
4.2.4 Competitive Rivalry:
4.2.5 Threat of Substitutes:
4.3 Expert Opinion
5. Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Key Market Dynamics
5.1 Market Drivers
5.1.1 Greater Emergence of Foodborne Illness Outbreaks
5.1.2 Ascension of Food and Beverage Industry
5.2 Market Restraint
5.2.1 Insufficient Food Safety Testing Methods
5.3 Market Opportunities
5.3.1 Innovations in Food Safety Testing
5.4 Future Trends
5.4.1 The Use of Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS) in Food Safety Testing
5.5 Impact Analysis of Drivers and Restraints
6. Food Safety Testing Kits - Asia Pacific Market Analysis
Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market Overview
6.1 Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market -Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
7. Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market Analysis - By Contaminants
7.1 Overview
7.2 Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, By Contaminants (2021 and 2028)
7.3 Pathogens
7.3.1 Overview
7.3.2 Pathogens: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
7.3.3 Salmonella
7.3.3.1 Salmonella: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
7.3.4 E.coli
7.3.4.1 E.coli: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
7.3.5 Listeria
7.3.5.1 Listeria: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
7.3.6 Campylobacter
7.3.6.1 Campylobacter: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
7.3.7 S.aureus
7.3.7.1 S.aureus: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
7.3.8 Others
7.3.8.1 Others: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
7.4 Pesticides
7.4.1 Overview
7.4.2 Pesticides: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
7.5 Toxins:
7.5.1 Overview
7.5.2 Toxins: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
7.6 GMOs
7.6.1 Overview
7.6.2 GMOs: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
7.7 Others
7.7.1 Overview
7.7.2 Others: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
8. Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market Analysis - By Technology
8.1 Overview
8.2 Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, By Technology (2021 and 2028)
8.3 Traditional
8.3.1 Overview
8.3.2 Traditional: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
8.4 Rapid
8.4.1 Overview
8.4.2 Rapid: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
8.4.2.1 PCR-based Testing
8.4.2.1.1 PCR-based Testing: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
8.4.2.2 Immunoassay-Based Testing
8.4.2.2.1 Immunoassay-Based Testing: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
8.4.2.3 LAMP
8.4.2.3.1 LAMP: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
8.4.3 Others
8.4.3.1.1 Others: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
9. Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market Analysis - By Food Type
9.1 Overview
9.2 Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, By Food Type (2021 and 2028)
9.3 Meat, Poultry, & Seafood
9.3.1 Overview
9.3.2 Meat, Poultry, & Seafood: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market- Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
9.4 Dairy Products
9.4.1 Overview
9.4.2 Dairy Products: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market- Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
9.5 Cereals & Grains
9.5.1 Overview
9.5.2 Cereals & Grains: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market- Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
9.6 Processed Food
9.6.1 Overview
9.6.2 Processed Food: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
9.7 Fruits & Vegetables
9.7.1 Overview
9.7.2 Fruits & Vegetables: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
9.8 Others
9.8.1 Overview
9.8.2 Others: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
10. Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market- Country Analysis
10.1 Overview
10.1.1 Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, by Key Country
10.1.1.1 China: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market-Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
10.1.1.1.1 China: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, By Contaminants
10.1.1.1.2 China: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, by Technology
10.1.1.1.3 China: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, by Food Type
10.1.1.2 Japan: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market-Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
10.1.1.2.1 Japan: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, By Contaminants
10.1.1.2.2 Japan: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, by Technology
10.1.1.2.3 Japan: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, by Food Type
10.1.1.3 India: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market-Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
10.1.1.3.1 India: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, By Contaminants
10.1.1.3.2 India: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, by Technology
10.1.1.3.3 India: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, by Food Type
10.1.1.4 Australia: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market-Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
10.1.1.4.1 Australia: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, By Contaminants
10.1.1.4.2 Australia: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, by Technology
10.1.1.4.3 Australia: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, by Food Type
10.1.1.5 South Korea: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market-Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
10.1.1.5.1 South Korea: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, By Contaminants
10.1.1.5.2 South Korea: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, by Technology
10.1.1.5.3 South Korea: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, by Food Type
10.1.1.6 Rest of Asia Pacific: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market-Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
10.1.1.6.1 Rest of Asia Pacific: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, By Contaminants
10.1.1.6.2 Rest of Asia Pacific: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, by Technology
10.1.1.6.3 Rest of Asia Pacific: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, by Food Type
11. Industry Landscape
11.1 Expansion
11.2 Strategy & Business Planning
12. Company Profiles
12.1 SGS SA
12.1.1 Key Facts
12.1.2 Business Description
12.1.3 Products and Services
12.1.4 Financial Overview
12.1.5 SWOT Analysis
12.1.6 Key Developments
12.2 Eurofins Scientific
12.2.1 Key Facts
12.2.2 Business Description
12.2.3 Products and Services
12.2.4 Financial Overview
12.2.5 SWOT Analysis
12.2.6 Key Developments
12.3 Intertek Group Plc
12.3.1 Key Facts
12.3.2 Business Description
12.3.3 Products and Services
12.3.4 Financial Overview
12.3.5 SWOT Analysis
12.3.6 Key Developments
12.4 TÜV SÜD
12.4.1 Key Facts
12.4.2 Business Description
12.4.3 Products and Services
12.4.4 Financial Overview
12.4.5 SWOT Analysis
12.4.6 Key Developments
12.5 AES Laboratories Pvt. Ltd.
12.5.1 Key Facts
12.5.2 Business Description
12.5.3 Products and Services
12.5.4 Financial Overview
12.5.5 SWOT Analysis
12.5.6 Key Developments
12.6 TÜV NORD GROUP
12.6.1 Key Facts
12.6.2 Business Description
12.6.3 Products and Services
12.6.4 Financial Overview
12.6.5 SWOT Analysis
12.6.6 Key Developments
12.7 Bureau Veritas
12.7.1 Key Facts
12.7.2 Business Description
12.7.3 Products and Services
12.7.4 Financial Overview
12.7.5 SWOT Analysis
12.7.6 Key Developments
12.8 ALS Limited
12.8.1 Key Facts
12.8.2 Business Description
12.8.3 Products and Services
12.8.4 Financial Overview
12.8.5 SWOT Analysis
12.8.6 Key Developments
12.9 NEOGEN Corporation
12.9.1 Key Facts
12.9.2 Business Description
12.9.3 Products and Services
12.9.4 Financial Overview
12.9.5 SWOT Analysis
12.9.6 Key Developments
12.10 AsureQuality
12.10.1 Key Facts
12.10.2 Business Description
12.10.3 Products and Services
12.10.4 Financial Overview
12.10.5 SWOT Analysis
12.10.6 Key Developments
13. Appendix
13.1 About the Publisher
13.2 Word Index
Table 1. Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market -Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 2. Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, By Contaminants - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 3. Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, by Technology- Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 4. Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, by Food Type- Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 5. China: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, By Contaminants - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 6. China: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, by Technology- Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 7. China: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, by Food Type- Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 8. Japan: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, By Contaminants - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 9. Japan: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, by Technology- Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 10. Japan: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, by Food Type - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 11. India: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, By Contaminants - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 12. India: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, by Technology- Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 13. India: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, by Food Type- Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 14. Australia: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, By Contaminants- Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 15. Australia: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, by Technology- Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 16. Australia: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, by Food Type- Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 17. South Korea: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, By Contaminants - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 18. South Korea: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, by Technology - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 19. South Korea: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, by Food Type- Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 20. Rest of Asia Pacific: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, By Contaminants - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 21. Rest of Asia Pacific: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, by Technology- Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 22. Rest of Asia Pacific: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, by Food Type- Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 23. List of Abbreviation
Figure 1. Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market Segmentation
Figure 2. Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market Segmentation - By Country
Figure 3. Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market Overview
Figure 4. Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market: By Technology
Figure 5. Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market: By Country
Figure 6. Porter's Five Forces Analysis: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market
Figure 7. Expert Opinion
Figure 8. Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market Impact Analysis of Drivers and Restraints
Figure 9. Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 10. Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market Revenue Share, By Contaminants (2021 and 2028)
Figure 11. Pathogens: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast To 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 12. Salmonella: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast To 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 13. E.coli: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast To 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 14. Listeria: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast To 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 15. Campylobacter: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast To 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 16. S.aureus: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast To 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 17. Others: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast To 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 18. Pesticides: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast To 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 19. Toxins: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast To 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 20. GMOs: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast To 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 21. Others: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast To 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 22. Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market Revenue Share, by Technology (2021 and 2028)
Figure 23. Traditional: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast To 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 24. Rapid: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast To 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 25. PCR-based Testing: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast To 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 26. Immunoassay-Based Testing: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast To 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 27. LAMP: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast To 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 28. Others: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast To 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 29. Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market Revenue Share, by Food Type (2021 and 2028)
Figure 30. Meat, Poultry, & Seafood: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market- Revenue and Forecast To 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 31. Dairy Products: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market- Revenue and Forecast To 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 32. Cereals & Grains: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market- Revenue and Forecast To 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 33. Processed Food: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast To 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 34. Fruits & Vegetables: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast To 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 35. Others: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market - Revenue and Forecast To 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 36. Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market, by Key Country- Revenue (2021) (US$ Million)
Figure 37. Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market Revenue Share, by Key Country (2021 and 2028)
Figure 38. China: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market-Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 39. Japan: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market-Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 40. India: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market-Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 41. Australia: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market-Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 42. South Korea: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market-Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 43. Rest of Asia Pacific: Asia Pacific Food Safety Testing Kits Market-Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Companies Mentioned
- AES Laboratories Pvt. Ltd.
- ALS Limited
- AsureQuality
- Bureau Veritas
- Eurofins Scientific
- Intertek Group Plc
- NEOGEN Corporation
- SGS SA
- TÜV NORD GROUP
- TÜV SÜD
Table Information
Report Attribute | Details |
---|---|
No. of Pages | 158 |
Published | January 2023 |
Forecast Period | 2022 - 2028 |
Estimated Market Value ( USD | $ 4620.38 Million |
Forecasted Market Value ( USD | $ 7422.59 Million |
Compound Annual Growth Rate | 8.2% |
Regions Covered | Asia Pacific |
No. of Companies Mentioned | 10 |