Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Medicinal Signaling Cells (MSCs) - Advances & Applications, 2025

1.1 Statement of the Report
1.2 Target Demographic
1.3 Sources for this Report
1.4 Purpose of the Report
1.4.1 Survey Recent Advancements
1.4.2 Provide a Summary of the Global MSC Market
1.4.3 Access Opportunities for Commercialization
1.4.4 Identify Major Market Players and Evaluate the Competive Environment
1.4.5 Identify Existing and Emerging Trends
1.4.6 Identify Critical Opportunities and Threats within the MSC Market
1.5 Executive Summary
1.6 Introduction

2.1 Stabilization of hMSCs as a Technology
2.2 The Impact of MSCs on Regenerative Medicine
2.3 Timeline of MSC Nomenclature
2.4 Sources of MSCs
2.4.1 Bone Marrow-Derived MSCs (BM-MSCs)
2.4.2 Adipose-Derived MSCs (AD-MSCs)
2.4.3 Umbilical Cord-Derived MSCs (UC-MSCs)
2.5 Cell Surface Markers in MSCs
2.6 In vitro Differentiation Potentials of MSCs
2.7 Soluble Factors Secreted by MSCs
2.8 Stemness Genes Present in MSCs
2.9 Types of MSCs and their Biomedical Applications
2.10 Genes that are Pivotal for MSC’s Properties

3.1 MSC-Based Clinical Studies by Geography
3.2 Sources of MSCs used in Current Clinical Trials
3.3 Share of Autologous & Allogeneic MSCs Clinical Trials
3.4 MSC-Based Clinical Trials by Disease Indication
3.5 MSC-Based Clinical Trials by Phase of Study
3.6 Select MSC-Based Clinical Trials
3.6.1 MSC-Based Clinical Trials for Musculoskeletal Disorders
3.6.2 MSC-Based Clinical Trials for Neurological Disorders
3.6.3 Clinical Trials involving MSC-Drived Exosomes
3.6.4 Primed MSCs in Clinical Trials
3.6.5 Clinical Trials involving Scaffold-Based MSCs

4.1 MSC Patent Publications by Jurisdiction
4.2 MSC Patent Applicants
4.3 MSC Patent Inventors
4.4 MSC Patent Owners
4.5 Legal Status of MSC Patent Applications
4.6 MSC-Derived Exosome Patents
4.6.1 MSC-Derived Exosome Patents by Jurisdiction
4.6.2 MSC-Derived Exosome Patent Applicants
4.6.3 MSC-Derived Exosome Patent Inventors
4.6.4 MSC-Derived Exosome Patent Owners
4.6.5 Legal Status of MSC-Derived Exosome Patents
4.7 Patents for iPSC-Derived MSCs
4.7.1 iPSC-Derived MSC Patents by Jurisdiction
4.7.2 iPSC-Derived MSC Patent Owners
4.8 MSC Patents by Therapy Type

5.1 PubMed.gov Published Papers on MSCs in Cell Therapy
5.2 PubMed.gov Published Papers on MSC-Based Immunotherapies
5.3 PubMed.gov Published Papers on MSCs in Gene Therapy
5.4 PubMed.gov Published Papers on MSCs in Tissue Engineering
5.5 PubMed.gov Published Papers on MSCs in Aesthetics
5.6 Number of Published Papers on the Applications of MSCs in Major Diseases
5.7 Published Papers on Modified MSCs
5.8 Published Papers on MSC-Derived Exosomes

6.1 Methods of Isolations of MSCs
6.2 Cell Expansion: Conventional Cultures to Bioreactors
6.2.1 Monolayer Culture Systems
6.2.2 Bioreactor-Based Cell Expansion
6.2.2.1 Stirred Tank Bioreactor
6.2.2.2 Rocking Bioreactor
6.2.2.3 Hollow Fiber Bioreactors
6.2.2.4 Fixed-Bed Bioreactor
6.2.3 Bioreactors in Current Use
6.2.3.1 Automated Platforms
6.2.3.2 Miniaturized Bioreactors
6.2.3.3 Verical-Wheel Bioreactors
6.2.4 MSC Expansion Systems: A Snapshot
6.2.5 Number of Cells per batch by Technologies
6.2.6 Microcarriers used for Cell Expansion
6.3 Downstream Processing of MSCs
6.3.1 Cell Detachment and Separation (Harvesting)
6.3.2 Cell Washing and Concentration
6.3.3 Safety and Potency Assays
6.3.4 Surface Markers for Distinguishing MSCs from Fibroblasts
6.4 Autologous & Allogeneic MSC Manufacturing: A Comparison
6.4.1 Cost of Manufacturing Allogeneic MSCs
6.4.2 Cost of Manufacturing Autologous MSCs
6.4.3 Cost of Donor Screening & Testing
6.4.4 Cost of Release Testing
6.4.5 Cost Breakdown in MSC Manufacturing
6.4.5.1 Strategies for Cost Reduction
6.4.6 Cost of Manufacture in Partial Automation
6.4.6.1 CoG Breakdown in Partially Automated MSC Manufacturing
6.4.6.2 CoG Breakdown in Fully Automated MSC Manufacturing
6.4.6.3 Higher Throughput in Partially Automated Facilities
6.5 MSC Manufacturing Economics in Small Scale
6.5.1 Small Scale Manufacturing Model
6.5.1.1 Cost of Culture Media in Small Scale Manufacturing
6.6 Large Scale Manufacturing of MSCs
6.6.1 The Four Bioprocessing Strategies for Large Scale Manufacturing of MSCs
6.6.2 Commonly Used Sources of MSCs for Large Scale Expansion
6.6.3 Commonly Used Culture Media for Large Scale Expansion of MSCs
6.6.4 Expansion Ratios Achieved with Different Culture Media

7.1 Staff Shortage
7.2 Need for Automation
7.3 Capacity Constraints
7.4 CDMO Platforms with Greater Potentials
7.4.1 Type of CDMOs Used by Sponsors
7.5 CMOs/CDMOs
7.5.1 Contract Manufacturing Organizations (CMOs)
7.5.1.1 Major Services Offered by CMOs
7.5.2 Contract Development and Manufacturing Organizations (CDMOs)
7.5.2.1 Major CDMOs
7.5.2.2 Major Services offered by CDMOs
7.6 Geographic Distribution of Manufacturing Facilities
7.7 Continued Rise of Outsourcing
7.7.1 Specific Areas of Outsourcing
7.7.2 Select Services for Outsourcing in 2023
7.7.3 Expected Rate of Outsourcing Increase between 2023 and 2025
7.8 Major CDMOs in the U.S
7.9 Major Cell & Gene Therapy CDMOs in Europe
7.10 U.K.’s Domination in European Contract Manufacturing
7.10.1 GMP Manufacturing in U.K.
7.10.2 Cleanroom Footprint in UK
7.10.3 Cell Therapy Process Capabilities in U.K.
7.10.4 Gene Therapy Process Capabilities in U.K
7.10.5 Future Capacity and Expansion in U.K.

8.1 Small Molecule Priming of MSCs
8.2 Particle Engineering of MSCs
8.2.1 Materials used in Microparticles (MPs) Fabrication
8.3 Genetic Engineering of MSCs
8.3.1 Engineered MSCs as Living Drug Factories
8.4 Examples of Bioengineered MSCs to Produce Anticancer Therapeutics
8.5 Engineered MSCs for Neurological Conditions
8.6 Engineered MSCs for Cardiovascular Diseases
8.6 Engineered MSCs for Lung Injury
8.7 Engineered MSCs for Diabetes
8.8 Bioengineering Approaches to Improve MSC Administration

9.1 Studies Using MSCs for Autoimmune Diseases
9.2 Studies using MSCs for Cardiovascular Diseases
9.3 Studies using MSCs for Neurodegenerative Diseases
9.4 Studies using MSCs for Bone & Cartilage Diseases
9.5 Studies using MSCs in GvHD
9.6 Studies using MSCs in Crohn’s Disease
9.7 Studies using MSCs in Type 1 Diabetes
9.8 Studies using MSCs in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
9.9 Studies using MSCs in Parkinson’s Disease
9.10 Studies using MSCs in Alzheimer’s Disease
9.11 Studies using MSCs in Kidney Failure
9.12 Studies using MSCs in Spinal Cord Injury
9.13 Studies using MSCs for Wound Healing

10.1 Collaboration between BioSolution Designs & RoosterBio
10.2 Collaboration between CytoMed Therapeutics, Ltd. & Sengkang General Hospital . 171
10.3 Collaboration between REPROCELL & Histocell
10.4 Collaboration between FUJIFILM Dyosynth & RoosterBio
10.5 RoosterBio’s Collaboration with AGC Biologics
10.6 RoosterBio’s Partnership with ShiftBio
10.7 RoosterBio’s Partnership with Univercells Technologies
10.8 Collaboration between Cynata & Fujifilm
10.9 Collaboration between American CryoStem Corp. & BioTherapeutic Lab Corp.
10.10 RoosterBio’s Collaboration with Sartorius
10.11 Collaboration between American CryoStem and CRADA
10.12 RoosterBio’s Collaboration with Sartorius Korea Biotech
10.13 Collaboration between Catalent & BrainStorm
10.14 Collaboration between Cipla & Stempeutics
10.15 Aethlon’s Collaboration with University of Pittsburgh
10.16 RoosterBio’s Collaboration with Senti Biosciences

11.1 Approved MSC Therapies
11.1.1 Queencell
11.1.2 Cellgram AMI
11.1.3 Cupistem
11.1.4 Cartistem
11.1.5 NeuroNataR
11.1.6 Holoclar
11.1.7 Remestemcel-L
11.1.8 Temcell HS
11.1.9 Stempeucel
11.1.10 Alifosel
11.1.11 MesestroCell
11.1.12 Stemirac
11.2 Marketed Biomaterial Carrier-Based MSCs & MSC Progenitors
11.2.1 Osteocel
11.2.2 AlloStem
11.2.3 Grafix
11.2.4 Cellentra VCBM
11.2.5 Trinity ELITE
11.2.6 Map3
11.2.7 BIO4
11.2.8 Trinity Evolution
11.2.9 Carticel
11.2.10 Chondron
11.2.11 DeNovo NT
11.2.12 Chondrocelect
11.2.13 Ossron
11.2.14 JACC
11.2.15 MACI
11.2.16 Ortho-ACI
11.2.17 Ossgrow
11.2.18 Cartigrow
11.3 Topical Cosmetic Products Containing MSCs/MSC-Derived Exosomes

12.1 Market Size for MSC Therapies
12.2 Global Demand for Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)
12.2.1 Global Demand for MSCs in Academic and Preclinical Studies
12.2.2 Global Demand for MSCs in Clinical Trials
12.2.3 Global Demand for MSCs for Developing MSC Therapeutics
12.2.4 Global Demand for MSCs to Develop Exosome Products
12.2.5 Global Demand for MSCs in Emerging Industries
12.2.6 Global Market for Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)
12.2.7 Global MSC Market by Application

13.1 Advancells
13.1.1 MSC-Derived Exosome Therapy
13.2 Aegle Therapeutics
13.2.1 Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa
13.2.2 Burns/Scarring
13.2.3 Additional Indications
13.3 AGC Biologics
13.3.1 Cell Therapy Manufacturing
13.3.2 Services
13.4 AlloSource, Inc.
13.4.1 Allografts with Tissue-Derived MSCs
13.4.2 Products
13.4.2.1 AlloConnex
13.4.2.2 AlloFuse & AlloFuse Plus DBM
13.4.2.3 AlloFlex Plus
13.4.2.4 AlloFuse Cervical Grafts
13.4.2.5 AlloFuse Fiber and Fiber Boats
13.4.2.6 AlloFuse Select CM
13.5 Ambulero
13.5.1 Supercharged MSCs
13.5.2 Ambulero’s Pipeline
13.6 American CryoStem Corporation
13.6.1 Adult Stem Cell Storage Service
13.6.2 Products Offered
13.6.2.1 CELLECT
13.6.2.2 ACSelerateMAX
13.6.2.3 ATCELL
13.7 American Type Culture Collection (ATCC)
13.7.1 Stem Cell Products
13.8 Amniotics
13.8.1 Technology
13.8.2 Product Pipeline
13.9 Andelyn Biosciences
13.9.1 Andelyn’s Solutions
13.10 Anemocyte S.r.l
13.10.1 GMP Capacity
13.10.2 Product Types
13.10.3 Manufacturing Services
13.11 Anterogen, Co., Ltd.
13.11.1 Products
13.11.1.1 Cupistem Injection
13.11.1.2 Queencell
13.12 Avid Bioservices, Inc.
13.12.1 Services
13.13 Bacthera
13.13.1 Services
13.14 Baylx, Inc
13.14.1 Technology
13.14.2 Product Pipeline
13.14.2.1 BX-U001 for Rheumatoid Arthritis
13.15 BioCardia
13.15.1 Product Pipeline
13.16 BioCentriq
13.16.1 Clinical Manufacturing Serevices
13.16.2 Process Development Services
13.17 BioEden, Inc
13.18 Bioinova s.r.o
13.18.1 Products
13.18.2 Services
13.18.2.1 Storage & Transportation Solution
13.18.2.2 Cryopreservation
13.18.2.3 Autologous Therapy
13.18.2.4 Allogeneic Therapy
13.19 BioRestorative Therapies
13.19.1 BRTX-100
13.19.2 ThermoStem
13.20 Bioscience Institute S.p.A
13.20.1 Aesthetic Stem Cells
13.20.1.1 LIPOSKILL for Skin Rejuvenation
13.20.1.2 LIPOSKILL PLUS for Face Reshaping
13.20.1.3 LIPOSKILL PLUS for Breast Augmentation
13.20.1.4 LIPOSKILL PLUS for Buttock Enhancement
13.20.1.5 LIPOSKILL PLUS for Reduction of Scars and Stretch Marks
13.20.1.6 HAIRSKILL for Hair Loss Treatment
13.20.1.7 GYNSKILL for Vulvo-Vaginal Rejuvenation
13.20.2 Regenerativ Stem Cells
13.20.2.1 ORTHOSKILL for Regenerative Orthopedics
13.20.2.2 OVOSKILL for Early Menopause Treatment
13.20.2.3 ANDROSKILL for Erectile Dysfunction Treatment
13.20.2.4 Anti-Aging IV Therapy
13.20.2.5 XEROSTOMIA Treatment
13.20.2.6 Empty Nose Syndrome (ENS) Treatment
13.20.2.7 Stem Cell Therapy for Body Performance
13.21 Blue Horizon International, LLC
13.21.1 BHI’s Stem Cell Division
13.22 Boehringer Ingelheim BioXellence
13.22.1 Services
13.23 Bonus Biogroup, Ltd
13.23.1 BonoFill
13.23.2 MesenCure
13.24 BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics, Inc.
13.24.1 NurOwn Technology
13.24.2 Manufacturing of NurOwn
13.24.3 BrainStorm’s Clinical Trials
13.25 Catalent
13.25.1 Cell Therapy Process Development
13.25.2 Cell Therapy CGMP Manufacturing
13.26 CCRM
13.27 Cell2Cure ApS
13.27.1 Product
13.27.1.1 Mode of Action
13.27.1.2 Manufacture
13.28 Cell Care Therapeutics
13.28.1 Platform
13.28.2 CCT-101
13.29 Cellcolabs
13.29.1 Ordering Cells
13.30 CELLeBRAIN
13.30.1 Core Technology
13.30.2 CELLeBRAIN’s Product Pipeline
13.31 Cellipont Bioservices
13.31.1 Cellipont’s Capabilities
13.33.2 Cellipont’s Cell Expertise
13.34 Celprogen, Inc
13.34.1 Products
13.34.2 Services
13.35 CellProthera
13.35.1 ProtheraCytes
13.35.2 Technology: StemXpand
13.36 CellResearch Corporation, Pte, Ltd.
13.36.1 Umbilical Cord Lining Stem Cells
13.36.2 CALECIM
13.37 Cell Surgical Network (CSN)
13.37.1 Technology: The Time Machine 3.0 Auto
13.37.2 Time Machine Process
13.38 Celltex Therapeutics Corporation
13.38.1 Therapy Services
13.39 CellTherapies
13.39.1 Services
13.39.2 Contract Manufacturing
13.39.3 Apheresis Management
13.39.4 Clinical Trial Support
13.40 Cellular Biomedicine Group
13.41 Charless River Laboratories
13.41.1 Cell Therapy Manufacturing Services
13.42 CHIESI Farmaceutici S.p.A
13.42.1 Holoclar
13.43 Citius Pharmaceuticals, Inc
13.43.1 Stem Cell Platform
13.44 CorestemChemon, Inc.
13.44.1 Neuronata-R inj.
13.45 Creative Bioarray
13.45.1 MSC Services
13.45.2 MSC Isolation and Expanson Services
13.45.3 MSC Characterization Services
13.45.4 MSC Differentiation Services
13.46 Creative Medical Technology Holdings, Inc
13.46.1 Rapid Autologous Therapies
13.46.2 Creative Medical’s Preclinical and Clinical Pipeline
13.47 Curia Global, Inc
13.47.1 Services
13.48 Cynata Therapeutics, Ltd.
13.48.1 Cymerus Platform
13.48.1.1 CYP-001
13.48.1.2 CYP-004
13.48.1.3 Cymerus MSCs for ARDS
13.48.1.4 CYP-006TK
13.49 Cytovance Biologics
13.49.1 GMP Manufacturing
13.50 Defined Bioscience, Inc
13.50.1 Products
13.50.1.1 Applications in Stem Cells
13.50.1.2 Applications in Cultivated Meat
13.51 Direct Biologics
13.51.1 ExoFlo
13.52 eQcell, Inc.
13.52.1 Innovation
13.53 Excellos
13.54 Exosla Therapeutics
13.55 EXOSOMEplus
13.56 Exothera
13.56.1 Exoscan Process Analysis Services
13.56.2 Process Design & Development Services
13.56.3 GMP Manufacturing Services
13.57 Fujifilm Diosynth Biotechnologies
13.57.1 Cell & Gene Therapy Services
13.58 Future Cell Japan, Co., Ltd.
13.58.1 Conditioned Media from UC-MSCs
13.59 Genezen
13.59.1 Genezen’s Capabilities
13.60 GenScript Biotech Corporation
13.60.1 Cell Therapy Product Solutions
13.60.1.1 CytoSinct Nanobeads
13.60.1.2 CytoSinct Manual Separator System
13.60.1.3 CytoSinct 1000
13.61 Hope Biosciences, LLC
13.61.1 Adult Stem Cell Banking
13.61.2 Newborn Stem Cell Banking
13.61.3 Sponsored Clinical Trials
13.62 Implant Therapeutics, Inc
13.62.1 Services
13.63 INCELL Corporation LLC
13.63.1 Product Line
13.63.2 Cell & Tissue Products
13.63.3 Tissue Collections & Kit Products
13.63.4 Storage of Cell & Tissue Products
13.64 InGeneron GmbH
13.64.1 Transpose RT Process
13.64.2 Adipose-Derived Regenerative Cells (ADRCs)
13.65 Invitrx Therapeutics
13.65.1 Reluma
13.66 Japan Tissue Engineering, Co., Ltd. (J-TEC)
13.66.1 JACC
13.67 JCR Pharmaceuticals, Co., Ltd.
13.67.1 TEMCELL HS Inj
13.68 Jointechlabs
13.68.1 Products
13.68.1.1 MiniTC
13.68.1.2 Mini-Stem
13.68.2 Jointech’s Products in Pipeline
13.68.2.1 JTL-T-01 (Osteoarthritis Clinical Therapy)
13.68.2.2 JTL-T-02 (Wounds Clinical Therapy)
13.69 Kangstem Biotech, Co., Ltd.
13.69.1 Stem Cell Therapeutics
13.69.2 Stem Cell Therapy
13.70 Kimera Labs
13.70.1 Vive
13.70.2 Luxir
13.71 LifeCell
13.71.1 Large-Scale Manufacturing of MSCs
13.72 Longeveron
13.72.1 Lomecel-B
13.72.2 Clinical Pipeline
13.73 Longeveron
13.73.1 Lomecel-B
13.73.1.1 Manufacturing Method
13.73.2 Focused Therapeutic Areas
13.73.2.1 Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS) Research Program
13.73.2.2 Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) Research Program
13.73.2.3 Aging Frailty Research Program
13.74 Lonza Group, Ltd
13.74.1 Sell& Gene Technologies Segment
13.74.2 Bioscience Segment
13.74.3 Personalized Medicines Segment
13.75 Lorem Cytori USA, Inc.
13.75.1 Celution System
13.75.2 Cytori Cell Therapy
13.76 MEDPOST
13.76.1 Products
13.76.1.1 CARTISTEM
13.76.1.2 PNEUMOSTEM
13.76.1.3 SMUP-IA-01
13.76.1.4 SMUP-IV-01
13.77 Mesoblast, Ltd
13.77.1 Technology Platform
13.77.2 Intellectual Property Estate
13.77.3 Product Candidates
13.77.3.1 Revascor
13.77.3.2 MPC-06-ID
13.77.3.3 Remestemcel-L
13.77.3.4 MPC-300-IV
13.78 Millipore Sigma
13.78.1 Cell Culture & Analysis Products
13.79 NecstGen
13.79.1 Cell Therapy Development & Manufacturing
13.79.2 Viral Vector Development & Manufacturing
13.79.3 Cleanroom Rental
13.80 NextCell
13.80.1 ProTrans
13.80.2 Cellaviva
13.80.3 NextCell’s Products in Pipeline
13.81 NIPRO Corporation
13.81.1 Stemirac
13.82 Novadip Biosciences
13.82.1 The 3M3 Platform
13.82.2 Products
13.82.2.1 3MAUTO
13.82.2.2 3MALLO
13.82.2.3 3MEXO
13.83 Novus Biologicals, LLC
13.84 NuVasive
13.84.1 Osteocel Portfolio
13.84.1.1 Osteocel Plus
13.84.1.2 Osteocel Pro
13.85 OCT Therapies & Research Pvt., Ltd
13.86 OmniaBio, Inc
13.86.1 Services
13.86.1.1 Process Development
13.86.1.2 GMP Manufacturing
13.86.1.3 Analytical Development
13.86.1.4 Regulatory Guidance
13.87 Orthocell, Ltd
13.87.1 OrthoACI
13.88 Orthofix Medical, Inc.
13.88.1 Trinity Elite
13.88.2 Trinity Evolution
13.89 Ossium Health
13.89.1 Platform
13.89.2 Applications
13.89.2.1 Hematologic Diseases
13.89.2.2 Organ Transplant Rejection
13.89.2.3 Musculoskeletal Defects
13.89.3 Products
13.89.3.1 OssiGraft Prime
13.89.3.2 OssiGraft
13.89.3.3 GMP Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
13.89.3.4 GMP Human Selected CD34+ Cells
13.89.3.5 RUO Mesenchymal Stem Cells
13.89.3.6 RUO Human Selected CD34+ Cells
13.90 Personal Cell Sciences Corporation
13.90.1 Autokine CM
13.90.2 Products
13.91 Personalized Stem Cells, Inc.
13.91.1 Personalized Stem Cells for Knee Osteoarthritis
13.92 Pfizer CentreOne
13.92.1 Manufacturing
13.93 Pluri Biotech, Ltd.
13.93.1 PLX Products
13.94 Porton Advanced
13.94.1 Cell Therapy Services
13.94.2 LVV Services
13.94.3 PLX-PAD
13.94.4 PLX-R18
13.94.5 PLX-Immune
13.95 Prometheus Life Technologies
13.95.1 Organoids
13.96 PromoCell GmbH
13.96.1 Products
13.97 PuREC, Co., Ltd
13.97.1 PuREC Solution for Hypophosphatasia
13.97.2 PuREC Solution for Spinal Canal Stenosis
13.97 Regrow Biosciences
13.97.1 Ossgrow
13.97.2 Cartigrow
13.98 Reliance Life Sciences, Pvt., Ltd
13.98.1 Regenerative Medicine Products
13.99 Remedy Cell, Ltd
13.99.1 Proprietary Platform
13.99.2 Drug Candidate: RC-0315
13.100 Rentschler Biopharma
13.100.1 Services
13.101 REPROCELL USA, Inc.
13.101.1 Services
13.101.2 Products
13.102 Resilence
13.102.1 Resilience’s Capabilities
13.103 RESTEM, LLC
13.103.1 Umbilical Cord Lining Stem Cells (ULSCs)
13.103.2 Muscular Dystrophy - Clinical Trial
13.103.3 Dermatomyositis & Polymyositis - Clinical Trial
13.103.3 Heart Failure - Clinical Trial
13.104 RHEACELL GmbH & Co., KG
13.104.1 Technology
13.104.2 ABCB5+MSCs
13.105 Richter-HELM
13.105.1 Services
13.106 RoosterBio, Inc
13.106.1 Technology
13.106.2 Products
13.106.2.1 Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs)
13.106.3 Genetic Engineering Tools
13.106.3.1 Genetic Engineering Media
13.106.4 Cell Culture Media & Supplements
13.106.5 Cell & Media Kits
13.106.6 MSC-Derived Exosomes
13.106.7 cGMP CliniControl Products
13.106.8 Process Development Services
13.106.9 hMSC Analytical Services
13.107 RTI Surgical
13.107.1 Map3
13.108 RoslinCT
13.108.1 Services
13.108.1.1 Process Development
13.108.1.2 GMP Manufacturing
13.108.1.3 Quality Control
13.108.1.4 Quality & Regulations
13.108.1.5 Product Storage & Logistics
13.108.2 RoslinCT-Lykan Bioscience Combine
13.109 Samsung Biologics
13.109.1 Contract Manufacturing Capabilities
13.110 San Bio, Co., Ltd.
13.110.1 SB623
13.111 Smith & Nephew, Inc
13.111.1 Grafix
13.112 StemBioSys, Inc
13.112.1 CELLvo Matrix Technology
13.112.2 CELLVO hAD-MSCs
13.112.3 CELLvo hBM-MSCs
13.112.4 CELLvo hWJ-MSCs
13.112.5 CELLvo Amniotic Membrane MSCs
13.113 STEMCELL Technologies, Inc
13.113.1 Products
13.113.1.1 MSC & MSC Progenitor Cell Research Products
13.114 Stemedica Cell Technologies, Inc
13.114.1 BioSmart Technology
13.114.2 Research & Development
13.115 Stemmatters
13.116 StemMedical
13.116.1 Stemform Procedure
13.116.2 Therapeutics Development
13.117 Stempeutics Research Pvt., Ltd
13.117.1 Stempeucel
13.118 StromaBio AB
13.118.1 MSC Platform
13.119 TaiwanBio Therapeutics, Co., Ltd
13.120 Takeda Pharmaceutical, Co., Ltd
13.120.1 Alofisel
13.121 Tempo Bioscience
13.121.1 Tempo iMSCs
13.122 ThermoFisher Scientific
13.122.1 CDMO Services for Cell Therapy
13.123 Vericel Corporation
13.123.1 MACI
13.124 Wuxi App Tec
13.124.1 CTDMO Services
13.125 Xintela AB
13.125.1 Technology Platform
13.125.2 Stem Cell Products
13.125.2.1 XSTEM
13.125.2.2 EQSTEM
13.125.2.3 Cancer Therapy

FIGURE 2.1: Mesenchymal Stem Cells and its Derivatives
FIGURE 3.1: Increase in the Number of Registered MSC-Based Clinical Trials, 1995-2024
FIGURE 3.2: MSC-Based Clinical Trials by Region
FIGURE 3.3: MSC-Based Clinical Trials by Cell Source, 2024
FIGURE 3.4: Share of Autologous & Allogeneic MSCs in Clinical Trials
FIGURE 3.5: MSC-Based Clinical Trials by Indication
FIGURE 3.6: Percent Share of MSC-Based Clinical Trials by Phase of Study
FIGURE 4.1: MSC Patent Publications Over Time, 2000-Aug 2024
FIGURE 4.2: MSC-Derived Exosome Patent Publications over Time
FIGURE 4.3: iPSC-Derived MSCs Patent Publications over Time
FIGURE 5.1: Published Papers in PubMed.gov on Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)
FIGURE 5.2: PubMed.gov Published Papers on MSCs in Cell Therapy
FIGURE 5.3: PubMed.gov Published Papers on MSC-Based Immunotherapies
FIGURE 5.4: PubMed.gov Published Papers on MSCs in Gene Therapy
FIGURE 5.5: PubMed.gov Published Papers on MSCs in Tissue Engineering
FIGURE 5.6: PubMed.gov Published Papers on MSCs in Aesthetics
FIGURE 5.7: PubMed Published Papers on Major Ten Diseases addressed by MSCs
FIGURE 5.8: Number of Published Papers on Modified MSCs
FIGURE 5.9: Number of Published Papers on MSC-Derived Exosomes
FIGURE 6.1: Advantages and Disadvantages of Autologous & Allogeneic MSCs
FIGURE 6.1: Monolayer Culture Systems
FIGURE 6.2: Stirred Tank Bioreactor
FIGURE 6.3: Rocking Bioreactor or Wave Bioreactor
FIGURE 6.4: Hollow Fiber Bioreactor
FIGURE 6.5: Fixed-Bed Reactor
FIGURE 6.6: CompacT SelecT System from Sartorius
FIGURE 6.7: DASbox Mini Bioreactor Systerm
FIGURE 6.8: PBS-80 Vertical-Wheel Bioreactor
FIGURE 6.9: Number of Cells per batch by Technologies
FIGURE 6.10: Single-Use Harvestainer for Small Scale Application
FIGURE 6.11: Single-Use Harvestainer for Large Scale Application
FIGURE 6.12: Cost of Goods (CoG) in MSC Manufacturing
FIGURE 6.13: Impact of Headcount on Overall CoG per Batch
FIGURE 6.14: CoG Breakdown in Partially-Automated MSC Manufacturing
FIGURE 6.15: CoG Breakdown in Fully Automated MSC Manufacturing
FIGURE 6.16: Higher Throughput in Partially Automated Facilities
FIGURE 6.17: Model of a Clean Room in a Small Scale Manufacturing Facility
FIGURE 6.18: The Four Bioprocessing Strategies for Large Scale Manufacturing of MSCs
FIGURE 6.19: Commonly Used Sources of MSCs for Large Scale Expansion
FIGURE 6.20: Commonly Used Culture Media for Large Scale Expansion of MSCs
FIGURE 7.1: CDMO Platforms with Greater Potentials
FIGURE 7.2: Type of CDMOs Used by Sponsors
FIGURE 7.3: Major Services Offered by CMOs
FIGURE 7.4: Major Services used by Sponsors from CDMOs
FIGURE 7.5: Geographic Distribution of Manufacturing Facilities, 2017-2027
FIGURE 7.6: Percent Share of Outsourcing
FIGURE 7.7: Select Services for Outsourcing in 2023
FIGURE 7.8: Changing Priorities in Outsorcing Services between 2023 and 2025
FIGURE 7.9: Cleanroom Footprint in UK, 2018-2023
FIGURE 7.10: Cell Therapy Process Capabilities in U.K
FIGURE 7.11: Gene Therapy Process Capabilities in U.K.
FIGURE 8.1: Bioengineering Solutions to Boost the Innate Functions of MSCs
FIGURE 8.2: Bioengineering Approaches to MSC Administration
FIGURE 9.1: Major Diseases Addresses by MSCs in Clinical Trials
FIGURE 9.2: Percent Share of Autoimmune Diseases using MSCs in Clinical Trials
FIGURE 9.3: Percent Share of MSCs by Source in Trials for Cardiovascular Diseases
FIGURE 9.4: Percent Shares of Neurological Diseases in Clinical Trials using MSCs
FIGURE 9.5: Percent Shares of MSC-Based Musculoskeletal Studies by Source
FIGURE 12.1: Global Market for MSC-Based Therapeutics, 2023-2031
FIGURE 12.2: Global Market for Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)
FIGURE 12.3: Market Share of MSCs by Application
FIGURE 13.1: CELLeBRAIN’s Core Technology
FIGURE 13.2: CALECIM
FIGURE 13.3: Schematic Diagram of CytoSinct Nanobeads
FIGURE 13.4: CytoSinct 1000
FIGURE 13.5: Why-iPSC Derived MSCs (iMSCs)
FIGURE 13.6: MiniTC
FIGURE 13.7: Mini-Stem

TABLE 2.1: Timeline of MSC Nomenclature
TABLE 2.2: Sources of MSCs
TABLE 2.3: Advantages & Disadvantages of BM-MSCs
TABLE 2.4: Advantages & Disadvantages of AD-MSCs
TABLE 2.5: Advantages & Disadvantages of UC-MSCs
TABLE 2.6: Positive & Negative Markers in MSCs from Different Sources
TABLE 2.7: in vitro Differentiation Potentials of MSCs
TABLE 2.8: Soluble Factors Secreted by MSCs
TABLE 2.9: Some Typical “Stemness” Genes of MSCs
TABLE 2.10: Types of MSCs and their Biomedical Applications
TABLE 2.11: Genes that are Pivotal for MSC’s Properties
TABLE 3.1: MSC-Based Clinical Trials by Cell Source
TABLE 3.2: Select MSC-Based Clinical Trials
TABLE 3.3: Select MSC-Based Clinical Trials for Musculoskeletal Disorders
TABLE 3.4: Select MSC-Based Clinical Trials for Neurological Disorders
TABLE 3.5: Select Clinical Trials involving MSC-Drived Exosomes
TABLE 3.6: Primed MSCs in Clinical Trials
TABLE 3.7: Clinical Trials involving Scaffold-Based MSCs
TABLE 4.1: MSC Patent Records by Jurisdiction, Aug-2024
TABLE 4.2: MSC Patent Applicants, Aug-2024
TABLE 4.3: MSC Patent Inventors
TABLE 4.4: MSC Patent Owners
TABLE 4.5: Legal Status of MSC Patent Applications
TABLE 4.6: MSC-Derived Exosome Patents Jurisdiction
TABLE 4.7: MSC-Derived Exosome Patent Applicants
TABLE 4.8: MSC-Derived Exosome Patent Inventors
TABLE 4.9: MSC-Derived Exosome Patent Owners
TABLE 4.10: Legal Status of MSC-Derived Exosome Patents
TABLE 4.11: iPSC-Derived MSC Patent Applications by Jurisdiction, August 2024
TABLE 4.12: iPSC-Derived MSC Patent Owners
TABLE 4.13: MSC Patents by Applications
TABLE 5.1: PubMed Published Papers on Major Ten Diseases addressed by MSCs
TABLE 5.2: Number of Published Papers on Modified MSCs
TABLE 5.3: Number of Published Papers on MSC-Derived Exosomes
TABLE 6.1: Methods of Isolations of MSCs
TABLE 6.2: A Snapshot of Commercially Availabe Culture Systems
TABLE 6.3: Microcarriers used for Cell Expansion
TABLE 6.4: Basic Assays for MSCs
TABLE 6.5: Cell Surface Markers on MSCs & Fibroblasts: A Comparison
TABLE 6.6: Cost of Manufacturing Allogeneic MSCs
TABLE 6.7: Cost of Manufacturing Autologous MSCs
TABLE 6.8: Cost of Goods (CoG) in MSC Manufacturing
TABLE 6.9: CoG Breakdown in Partially-Automated MSC Manufacturing
TABLE 6.10: CoG Breakdown in Fully Automated MSC Manufacturing
TABLE 6.11: Higher Throughput in Partially Automated Facilities
TABLE 6.12: Key Processes and Cost Assumptions
TABLE 6.13: Quality Control Panels and Cost Assumptions
TABLE 6.14: Additional Supporting Labor Cost Assessments
TABLE 6.15: Additional Supporting Facility and Cost Assumptions
TABLE 6.16: Large Scale Expansions of MSCs by Method, Cell Source and Media
TABLE 6.17: Expansion Ratios Achieved with Different Culture Media
TABLE 7.1: Top Ten Companies in 2003 & 2027
TABLE 7.2: GMP Capacities of U.S.-Based CDMOs
TABLE 7.3: GMP Capacities of European CDMOs
TABLE 7.4: MHRA-Licensed Manufacturing Facilities as of 2023
TABLE 7.5: Cleanroom Footprint in UK, 2019-2023
TABLE 8.1: Examples of Priming Strategies in Animal Models
TABLE 8.2: Materials used in Microparticles (MPs) Fabrication
TABLE 8.3: Genetic Engineering Method used in MSCs
TABLE 8.4: Examples of Bioengineered MSCs as Living Drug Factories
TABLE 8.5: Examples of Oncolology Indications being Studied using Engineered MSCs
TABLE 8.6: Effects of Engineered MSCs in Neurological Indications
TABLE 9.1: Select MSC-Based Clinical Trials for Autoimmune Diseases
TABLE 9.3: Select MSC-Based Clinical Studies for Neurological Diseases
TABLE 9.4: Select MSC-Based Studies for Musculoskeletal Disorders
TABLE 9.5: Select Ongoing Studies using MSCs for GvHD
TABLE 9.6: Studies using MSCs in Crohn’s Diseases
TABLE 9.7: Select Studies using MSCs in Type 1 Diabetes
TABLE 9.8: Select Studies using MSCs in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
TABLE 9.9: Select Studies using MSCs in Parkinson’s Disease
TABLE 9.10: Select Ongoing Studies using MSCs in Alzheimer’s Disease
TABLE 9.11: Select Ongoing Studies using MSCs in Kidney Failure
TABLE 9.12: Select Studies using MSCs in Spinal Cord Injury
TABLE 9.13: Select Studies using MSCs for Wound Healing
TABLE 11.1: Currently Available MSC Therapies
TABLE 11.2: Queencell - Product Information
TABLE 11.3: Cellgram AMI - Product Information
TABLE 11.4: Cupistem - Product Information
TABLE 11.5: Cartistem - Product Information
TABLE 11.6: NeuroNataR - Product Information
TABLE 11.7: Holoclar - Product Information
TABLE 11.8: Remestemcel-L - Product Information
TABLE 11.9: Temcell HS - Product Information
TABLE 11.10: Stempeucel - Product Information
TABLE 11.11: Alifosel - Product Information
TABLE 11.12: MesestroCell - Product Information
TABLE 11.13: Stemirac - Product Information
TABLE 11.14: Previous/Currently Marketed Biomaterial-Based MSCs & MSC Progenitors
TABLE 11.15: Osteocel - Product Information
TABLE 11.16: AlloStem - Product Information
TABLE 11.17: Grafix - Product Information
TABLE 11.18: Cellentra VCBM - Product Information
TABLE 11.19: Trinity ELITE - Product Information
TABLE 11.20: Map3 - Product Information
TABLE 11.21: Bio4 - Product Information
TABLE 11.22: Trinity Evolution - Product Information
TABLE 11.23: Carticel - Product Information
TABLE 11.24: Chondron - Product Information
TABLE 11.25: DeNovo NT - Product Information
TABLE 11.26: Chondrocelect - Product Information
TABLE 11.27: Ossron - Product Information
TABLE 11.28: JACC - Product Information
TABLE 11.29: MACI - Product Information
TABLE 11.30: Ortho-ACI - Product Information
TABLE 11.31: Ossgrow - Product Information
TABLE 11.32: Cartigrow - Product Information
TABLE 11.33: Commercially Available Skincare Cosmetics with MSC-Derived Exosomes
TABLE 12.1: Global Market for MSC-Based Therapeutics, 2023-2031
TABLE 12.2: Global Market for Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)
TABLE 13.1: Aegle’s Product Pipeline
TABLE 13.2: Ambulero’s Product Pipeline
TABLE 13.3: Amniotgics’ Product Pipeline
TABLE 13.4: Baylx’s Product Pipeline
TABLE 13.5: BioCardia’s Product Pipeline
TABLE 13.6: Bonus Biogroup’s Product Pipeline
TABLE 13.7: BrainStorm’s Clinical Trials
TABLE 13.8: CELLeBRAIN’s Product Pipeline
TABLE 13.9: CellProthera’s Preclinical and Clinical Pipeline
TABLE 13.10: Celltex’s Clinical Trials
TABLE 13.11: Corestem’s Product Pipeline
TABLE 13.12: Creative Medical’s Preclinical and Clinical Pipeline
TABLE 13.13: Regulatory Proteins found in ExoFlo
TABLE 13.14: Hopes Clinical Trial Pipeline using HB-adMSC
TABLE 13.15: Kangstem’s Sponsor Initiated Clinical Trials
TABLE 13.16: Longeveron’s Clinical Pipeline
TABLE 13.17: NextCell’s Products in Pipeline
TABLE 13.18: Novadip’s Product Pipeline
TABLE 13.19: RHEACELL’s Products in Pipeline
TABLE 13.20: San Bio’s Product Pipeline
TABLE 13.21: Stemedica’s Product Pipeline
TABLE 13.22: Stempeutics’ Product Development Status
TABLE 13.23: Xintela’s Product Pipeline