The Global Market for Sustainable Packaging 2025-2035

1.1        Global Packaging Market
1.2        What is sustainable packaging?
1.3        The Global Market for Sustainable Packaging
1.3.1     By packaging materials
1.3.1.1  Tonnes
1.3.1.2  Revenues
1.3.2     By packaging product type
1.3.2.1  Tonnes
1.3.2.2  Revenues
1.3.3     By end-use market
1.3.3.1  Tonnes
1.3.3.2  Revenues
1.3.4     By region
1.3.4.1  Tonnes
1.3.4.2  Revenues
1.4        Main types
1.5        Prices
1.6        Commercial products
1.7        Market Trends
1.8        Market Drivers for recent growth in Sustainable Packaging
1.9        Challenges for Biodegradable and Compostable Packaging

2.1        Market overview
2.2        Types of sustainable packaging materials
2.2.1     Biodegradable and Compostable Materials
2.2.1.1  PLA (Polylactic Acid)
2.2.1.2  Bagasse
2.2.1.3  Mushroom Packaging
2.2.1.4  Seaweed-Based Materials
2.2.2     Paper and Fiber-Based Materials
2.2.2.1  Recycled Paper/Cardboard
2.2.2.2  Molded Pulp
2.2.2.3  Bamboo Packaging
2.2.3     Bio-Based Plastics
2.2.3.1  Bio-PE and Bio-PET
2.2.3.2  PHAs (Polyhydroxyalkanoates)
2.2.4     Reusable and Upcycled Materials
2.2.4.1  Glass
2.2.4.2  Aluminum
2.2.4.3  Upcycled Agricultural Waste
2.2.5     Other Materials
2.2.5.1  Edible Packaging
2.2.5.2  Cellulose-Based Films
2.2.5.3  Algae-Based Materials
2.3        Packaging lifecycle
2.3.1     Raw materials
2.3.2     Manufacturing
2.3.3     Transport
2.3.4     Packaging in-use
2.3.5     End of life

3.1        Materials innovation
3.2        Active packaging
3.3        Monomaterial packaging
3.4        Conventional polymer materials used in packaging
3.4.1     Polyolefins: Polypropylene and polyethylene
3.4.1.1  Overview
3.4.1.2  Grades
3.4.1.3  Producers
3.4.2     PET and other polyester polymers
3.4.2.1  Overview
3.4.3     Renewable and bio-based polymers for packaging
3.4.4     Comparison of synthetic fossil-based and bio-based polymers
3.4.5     Processes for bioplastics in packaging
3.4.6     End-of-life treatment of bio-based and sustainable packaging
3.5        Synthetic bio-based packaging materials
3.5.1     Polylactic acid (Bio-PLA)
3.5.1.1  Overview
3.5.1.2  Properties
3.5.1.3  Applications
3.5.1.4  Advantages
3.5.1.5  Challenges
3.5.1.6  Commercial examples
3.5.2     Polyethylene terephthalate (Bio-PET)
3.5.2.1  Overview
3.5.2.2  Properties
3.5.2.3  Applications
3.5.2.4  Advantages of Bio-PET in Packaging
3.5.2.5  Challenges and Limitations
3.5.2.6  Commercial examples
3.5.3     Polytrimethylene terephthalate (Bio-PTT)
3.5.3.1  Overview
3.5.3.2  Production Process
3.5.3.3  Properties
3.5.3.4  Applications
3.5.3.5  Advantages of Bio-PTT in Packaging
3.5.3.6  Challenges and Limitations
3.5.3.7  Commercial examples
3.5.4     Polyethylene furanoate (Bio-PEF)
3.5.4.1  Overview
3.5.4.2  Properties
3.5.4.3  Applications
3.5.4.4  Advantages of Bio-PEF in Packaging
3.5.4.5  Challenges and Limitations
3.5.4.6  Commercial examples
3.5.5     Bio-PA
3.5.5.1  Overview
3.5.5.2  Properties
3.5.5.3  Applications in Packaging
3.5.5.4  Advantages of Bio-PA in Packaging
3.5.5.5  Challenges and Limitations
3.5.5.6  Commercial examples
3.5.6     Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (Bio-PBAT)- Aliphatic aromatic copolyesters
3.5.6.1  Overview
3.5.6.2  Properties
3.5.6.3  Applications in Packaging
3.5.6.4  Advantages of Bio-PBAT in Packaging
3.5.6.5  Challenges and Limitations
3.5.6.6  Commercial examples
3.5.7     Polybutylene succinate (PBS) and copolymers
3.5.7.1  Overview
3.5.7.2  Properties
3.5.7.3  Applications in Packaging
3.5.7.4  Advantages of Bio-PBS and Co-polymers in Packaging
3.5.7.5  Challenges and Limitations
3.5.7.6  Commercial examples
3.5.8     Polypropylene (Bio-PP)
3.5.8.1  Overview
3.5.8.2  Properties
3.5.8.3  Applications in Packaging
3.5.8.4  Advantages of Bio-PP in Packaging
3.5.8.5  Challenges and Limitations
3.5.8.6  Commercial examples
3.6        Natural bio-based packaging materials
3.6.1    Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)
3.6.1.1 Properties
3.6.1.2 Applications in Packaging
3.6.1.3 Advantages of PHA in Packaging
3.6.1.4 Challenges and Limitations
3.6.1.5 Commercial examples
3.6.2    Starch-based blends
3.6.2.1 Overview
3.6.2.2 Properties
3.6.2.3 Applications in Packaging
3.6.2.4 Advantages of Starch-Based Blends in Packaging
3.6.2.5 Challenges and Limitations
3.6.2.6 Commercial examples
3.6.3    Cellulose
3.6.3.1 Feedstocks
3.6.3.1.1           Wood
3.6.3.1.2           Plant
3.6.3.1.3           Tunicate
3.6.3.1.4           Algae
3.6.3.1.5           Bacteria
3.6.3.2 Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC)
3.6.3.2.1           Properties
3.6.3.3 Nanocellulose
3.6.3.3.1           Cellulose nanocrystals
3.6.3.3.1.1      Applications in packaging
3.6.3.3.2           Cellulose nanofibers
3.6.3.3.2.1      Applications in packaging
3.6.3.3.3           Bacterial Nanocellulose (BNC)
3.6.3.3.3.1      Applications in packaging
3.6.3.4 Commercial examples
3.6.4    Protein-based bioplastics in packaging
3.6.4.1 Feedstocks
3.6.4.2 Commercial examples
3.6.5    Lipids and waxes for packaging
3.6.5.1 Overview
3.6.5.2 Commercial examples
3.6.6    Seaweed-based packaging
3.6.6.1 Overview
3.6.6.2 Production
3.6.6.3 Applications in packaging
3.6.6.4 Producers
3.6.7    Mycelium
3.6.7.1 Overview
3.6.7.2 Applications in packaging
3.6.7.3 Commercial examples
3.6.8    Chitosan
3.6.8.1 Overview
3.6.8.2 Applications in packaging
3.6.8.3 Commercial examples
3.6.9    Bio-naphtha
3.6.9.1 Overview
3.6.9.2 Markets and applications
3.6.9.3 Commercial examples

4.1        Mechanical recycling
4.1.1     Closed-loop mechanical recycling
4.1.2     Open-loop mechanical recycling
4.1.3     Polymer types, use, and recovery
4.2        Advanced chemical recycling
4.2.1     Main streams of plastic waste
4.2.2     Comparison of mechanical and advanced chemical recycling
4.3        Capacities
4.4        Global polymer demand 2022-2040, segmented by recycling technology
4.5        Global market by recycling process 2020-2024, metric tons
4.6        Chemically recycled plastic products
4.7        Market map
4.8        Value chain
4.9        Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) of advanced plastics recycling processes
4.10      Pyrolysis
4.10.1   Non-catalytic
4.10.2   Catalytic
4.10.2.1            Polystyrene pyrolysis
4.10.2.2            Pyrolysis for production of bio fuel
4.10.2.3            Used tires pyrolysis
4.10.2.3.1        Conversion to biofuel
4.10.2.4            Co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic wastes
4.10.3  SWOT analysis
4.10.4  Companies and capacities
4.11      Gasification
4.11.1   Technology overview
4.11.1.1            Syngas conversion to methanol
4.11.1.2            Biomass gasification and syngas fermentation
4.11.1.3            Biomass gasification and syngas thermochemical conversion
4.11.2   SWOT analysis
4.11.3   Companies and capacities (current and planned)
4.12      Dissolution
4.12.1   Technology overview
4.12.2   SWOT analysis
4.12.3   Companies and capacities (current and planned)
4.13      Depolymerisation
4.13.1   Hydrolysis
4.13.1.1            Technology overview
4.13.1.2            SWOT analysis
4.13.2   Enzymolysis
4.13.2.1            Technology overview
4.13.2.2            SWOT analysis
4.13.3   Methanolysis
4.13.3.1            Technology overview
4.13.3.2            SWOT analysis
4.13.4   Glycolysis
4.13.4.1            Technology overview
4.13.4.2            SWOT analysis
4.13.5   Aminolysis
4.13.5.1            Technology overview
4.13.5.2            SWOT analysis
4.13.6   Companies and capacities (current and planned)
4.14      Other advanced chemical recycling technologies
4.14.1   Hydrothermal cracking
4.14.2   Pyrolysis with in-line reforming
4.14.3   Microwave-assisted pyrolysis
4.14.4   Plasma pyrolysis
4.14.5   Plasma gasification
4.14.6   Supercritical fluids

5.1       PAPER AND BOARD PACKAGING
5.1.1    Market overview
5.1.2    Recycled Paper and Cardboard
5.1.2.1 Post-consumer recycled (PCR) content paperboard
5.1.2.2 Kraft paper made from recycled fibers
5.1.2.3 Corrugated cardboard with high recycled content
5.1.3    FSC/PEFC Certified Virgin Fibers
5.1.3.1 Sustainably managed forest sources
5.1.3.2 Chain-of-custody certified materials
5.1.4    Alternative Fiber Sources
5.1.4.1 Bamboo-based paper and board
5.1.4.2 Agricultural waste fibers (wheat straw, sugarcane bagasse)
5.1.4.3 Hemp and flax fiber papers
5.1.5    Plastic-Free Barrier Papers
5.1.5.1 Clay-coated papers
5.1.5.2 Silicone-coated papers
5.1.5.3 Mineral oil barrier papers
5.1.6    Water-Based Coatings and Adhesives
5.1.6.1 Replacing plastic laminations with aqueous coatings
5.1.6.2 Plant-based adhesives for box construction
5.1.7    Global market size and forecast to 2035
5.1.7.1 Tonnes
5.1.7.2 Revenues
5.2        FOOD PACKAGING
5.2.1    Films and trays
5.2.2    Pouches and bags
5.2.3    Textiles and nets
5.2.4    Compostable Food Containers
5.2.4.1 PLA (polylactic acid) trays and containers
5.2.4.2 Bagasse food service items
5.2.4.3 Molded fiber clamshells and trays
5.2.5    Biodegradable Films and Wraps
5.2.5.1 Cellulose-based films
5.2.5.2 PLA films for food wrapping
5.2.5.3 Starch-based wraps
5.2.6    Bio-Based Barrier Materials
5.2.6.1 Paper with biopolymer coatings
5.2.6.2 Plant-based waxes for moisture resistance
5.2.6.3 Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) coatings
5.2.7    Reusable Food Packaging Systems
5.2.8    Bioadhesives
5.2.8.1 Starch
5.2.8.2 Cellulose
5.2.8.3 Protein-Based
5.2.9    Barrier coatings and films
5.2.9.1 Polysaccharides
5.2.9.1.1           Chitin
5.2.9.1.2           Chitosan
5.2.9.1.3           Starch
5.2.9.2 Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)
5.2.9.3 Poly(butylene Succinate)
5.2.9.4 Functional Lipid and Proteins Based Coatings
5.2.10 Active and Smart Food Packaging
5.2.10.1            Active Materials and Packaging Systems
5.2.10.2            Intelligent and Smart Food Packaging
5.2.10.3            Oxygen scavengers from natural materials
5.2.10.4            Antimicrobial packaging from plant extracts
5.2.10.5            Bio-based sensors for food freshness
5.2.11 Antimicrobial films and agents
5.2.11.1            Natural
5.2.11.2            Inorganic nanoparticles
5.2.11.3            Biopolymers
5.2.12 Bio-based Inks and Dyes
5.2.13 Edible films and coatings
5.2.13.1            Overview
5.2.13.2            Commercial examples
5.2.14 Types of sustainable coatings and films in packaging
5.2.14.1            Polyurethane coatings
5.2.14.1.1        Properties
5.2.14.1.2        Bio-based polyurethane coatings
5.2.14.1.3        Products
5.2.14.2            Acrylate resins
5.2.14.2.1        Properties
5.2.14.2.2        Bio-based acrylates
5.2.14.2.3        Products
5.2.14.3            Polylactic acid (Bio-PLA)
5.2.14.3.1        Properties
5.2.14.3.2        Bio-PLA coatings and films
5.2.14.4            Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) coatings
5.2.14.5            Cellulose coatings and films
5.2.14.5.1        Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC)
5.2.14.5.2        Cellulose nanofibers
5.2.14.5.2.1   Properties
5.2.14.5.2.2   Product developers
5.2.14.6            Lignin coatings
5.2.14.7            Protein-based biomaterials for coatings
5.2.14.7.1        Plant derived proteins
5.2.14.7.2        Animal origin proteins
5.2.15 Global market size and forecast to 2035
5.2.15.1            Tonnes
5.2.15.2            Revenues
5.3        FLEXIBLE PACKAGING
5.3.1    Market overview
5.3.2    Compostable Flexible Films
5.3.2.1 PLA film laminates
5.3.2.2 PHAs (polyhydroxyalkanoates) films
5.3.2.3 PBAT (polybutylene adipate terephthalate) films
5.3.2.4 TPS (thermoplastic starch) films
5.3.3    Recyclable Mono-Materials
5.3.3.1 All-PE (polyethylene) structures
5.3.3.2 All-PP (polypropylene) structures
5.3.3.3 Designed for mechanical recycling
5.3.4    Paper-Based Flexible Packaging
5.3.4.1 High-strength paper with functional coatings
5.3.4.2 Paper-plastic hybrid structures with separable layers
5.3.4.3 Glassine and greaseproof papers
5.3.5    Bio-Based Films
5.3.5.1 Bio-PE films (from sugarcane)
5.3.5.2 Bio-PET films
5.3.5.3 Cellulose-based transparent films
5.3.6    Reduced Material Structures
5.3.6.1 Ultra-thin films with enhanced performance
5.3.6.2 Downgauged materials with reinforcing technologies
5.3.6.3 Resource-efficient multi-layer structures
5.3.7    Global market size and forecast to 2035
5.3.7.1 Tonnes
5.3.7.2 Revenues
5.4        RIGID PACKAGING
5.4.1    Market overview
5.4.2    Recycled Plastic Containers
5.4.2.1 rPET (recycled polyethylene terephthalate) bottles and containers
5.4.2.2 rHDPE (recycled high-density polyethylene) bottles
5.4.2.3 PCR polypropylene tubs and containers
5.4.3    Bio-Based Rigid Plastics
5.4.3.1 Bio-PET bottles (partially plant-based)
5.4.3.2 Bio-PE containers
5.4.3.3 PLA bottles and jars
5.4.4    Refillable/Reusable Systems
5.4.4.1 Durable containers designed for multiple uses
5.4.4.2 Standardized shapes for refill systems
5.4.4.3 Concentrated product formats reducing packaging
5.4.5    Alternative Materials
5.4.5.1 Mushroom packaging for protective applications
5.4.5.2 Molded pulp containers and inserts
5.4.5.3 Wood and cork containers for premium products
5.4.6    Glass and Metal Alternatives
5.4.6.1 Lightweight glass technologies
5.4.6.2 Thin-walled aluminum containers
5.4.6.3 Tin-free steel packaging
5.4.7    Global market and forecasts to 2025
5.4.7.1 Tonnes
5.4.7.2 Revenues
5.5       CARBON CAPTURE DERIVED MATERIALS FOR PACKAGING
5.5.1    Benefits of carbon utilization for plastics feedstocks
5.5.2    CO2-derived polymers and plastics
5.5.3    CO2 utilization products

Table 1. Global sustainable packaging market by packaging materials, 2023-2035 (1,000 tonnes).
Table 2. Global sustainable packaging market by packaging materials, 2023-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 3. Global sustainable packaging market by packaging product type, 2023-2035 (1,000 tonnes).
Table 4. Global sustainable packaging market by packaging product type, 2023-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 5. Global sustainable packaging market by end-use market, 2023-2035 (1,000 tonnes).
Table 6. Global sustainable packaging market by end-use market, 2023-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 7. Global sustainable packaging market by region, 2023-2035 (1,000 tonnes).
Table 8. Global sustainable packaging market by region, 2023-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 9. Main Types of Sustainable Packaging Materials
Table 10. Average prices by packaging type, 2024 (US$ per kg).
Table 11. Average annual prices by bioplastic type, 2020-2023 (US$ per kg).
Table 12. Recent sustainable packaging products.
Table 13. Market trends in Sustainable Packaging
Table 14. Market drivers for recent growth in the Sustainable Packaging market.
Table 15. Challenges for Biodegradable and Compostable Packaging.
Table 16. Types of bio-based plastics and fossil-fuel-based plastics
Table 17. Comparison of synthetic fossil-based and bio-based polymers.
Table 18. Processes for bioplastics in packaging.
Table 19. LDPE film versus PLA, 2019-24 (USD/tonne).
Table 20. PLA properties for packaging applications.
Table 21. Applications, advantages and disadvantages of PHAs in packaging.
Table 22. Major polymers found in the extracellular covering of different algae.
Table 23. Market overview for cellulose microfibers (microfibrillated cellulose) in paperboard and packaging-market age, key benefits, applications and producers.
Table 24. Applications of nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC).
Table 25. Market overview for cellulose nanofibers in packaging.
Table 26. Applications of Bacterial Nanocellulose in Packaging.
Table 27. Types of protein based-bioplastics, applications and companies.
Table 28. Overview of alginate-description, properties, application and market size.
Table 29. Companies developing algal-based bioplastics.
Table 30. Overview of mycelium fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
Table 31. Overview of chitosan-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
Table 32. Commercial Examples of Chitosan-based Films and Coatings and Companies.
Table 33. Bio-based naphtha markets and applications.
Table 34. Bio-naphtha market value chain.
Table 35. Commercial Examples of Bio-Naphtha Packaging and Companies.
Table 36. Overview of the recycling technologies.
Table 37. Polymer types, use, and recovery.
Table 38. Composition of plastic waste streams.
Table 39. Comparison of mechanical and advanced chemical recycling.
Table 40. Advanced plastics recycling capacities, by technology.
Table 41. Example chemically recycled plastic products.
Table 42. Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) of Advanced Chemical Recycling Processes.
Table 43. Summary of non-catalytic pyrolysis technologies.
Table 44. Summary of catalytic pyrolysis technologies.
Table 45. Summary of pyrolysis technique under different operating conditions.
Table 46. Biomass materials and their bio-oil yield.
Table 47. Biofuel production cost from the biomass pyrolysis process.
Table 48. Pyrolysis companies and plant capacities, current and planned.
Table 49. Summary of gasification technologies.
Table 50. Advanced recycling (Gasification) companies.
Table 51. Summary of dissolution technologies.
Table 52. Advanced recycling (Dissolution) companies
Table 53. Depolymerisation processes for PET, PU, PC and PA, products and yields.
Table 54. Summary of hydrolysis technologies-feedstocks, process, outputs, commercial maturity and technology developers.
Table 55. Summary of Enzymolysis technologies-feedstocks, process, outputs, commercial maturity and technology developers.
Table 56. Summary of methanolysis technologies-feedstocks, process, outputs, commercial maturity and technology developers.
Table 57. Summary of glycolysis technologies-feedstocks, process, outputs, commercial maturity and technology developers.
Table 58. Summary of aminolysis technologies.
Table 59. Advanced recycling (Depolymerisation) companies and capacities (current and planned).
Table 60. Overview of hydrothermal cracking for advanced chemical recycling.
Table 61. Overview of Pyrolysis with in-line reforming for advanced chemical recycling.
Table 62. Overview of microwave-assisted pyrolysis for advanced chemical recycling.
Table 63. Overview of plasma pyrolysis for advanced chemical recycling.
Table 64. Overview of plasma gasification for advanced chemical recycling.
Table 65. The global market for sustainable paper & board packaging by material type, 2019-2035 (‘000 tonnes).
Table 66. The global market for sustainable paper & board packaging by material type, 2019-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 67. Pros and cons of different type of food packaging materials.
Table 68. Active Biodegradable Films films and their food applications.
Table 69. Intelligent Biodegradable Films.
Table 70. Edible films and coatings market summary.
Table 71. Types of polyols.
Table 72. Polyol producers.
Table 73. Bio-based polyurethane coating products.
Table 74. Bio-based acrylate resin products.
Table 75. Polylactic acid (PLA) market analysis.
Table 76. Commercially available PHAs.
Table 77. Market overview for cellulose nanofibers in paints and coatings.
Table 78. Companies developing cellulose nanofibers products in paints and coatings.
Table 79. Types of protein based-biomaterials, applications and companies.
Table 80. The global market for sustainable food packaging by material type, 2019-2035 (‘000 tonnes).
Table 81. The global market for sustainable food packaging by material type, 2019-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 82. Comparison of bioplastics’ (PLA and PHAs) properties to other common polymers used in product packaging.
Table 83. Typical applications for bioplastics in flexible packaging.
Table 84. The global market for sustainable flexible packaging by material type, 2019-2035 (‘000 tonnes).
Table 85. The global market for sustainable flexible packaging by material type, 2019-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 86. Typical applications for bioplastics in rigid packaging.
Table 87. The global market for sustainable rigid packaging by material type, 2019-2035 (‘000 tonnes).
Table 88. The global market for sustainable rigid packaging by material type, 2019-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 89. CO2 utilization and removal pathways.
Table 90. CO2 utilization products developed by chemical and plastic producers.
Table 91. Lactips plastic pellets.
Table 92. Oji Holdings CNF products.

Figure 1. Global packaging market by material type.
Figure 2. Unilever’s Magnum ice cream tub using 100% chemically recycled PP .
Figure 3. Global sustainable packaging market by packaging materials, 2023-2035 (1,000 tonnes).
Figure 4. Global sustainable packaging market by packaging materials, 2023-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 5. Global sustainable packaging market by packaging product type, 2023-2035 (1,000 tonnes).
Figure 6. Global sustainable packaging market by packaging product type, 2023-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 7. Global sustainable packaging market by end-use market, 2023-2035 (1,000 tonnes).
Figure 8. Global sustainable packaging market by end-use market, 2023-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 9. Global sustainable packaging market by region, 2023-2035 (1,000 tonnes).
Figure 10. Global sustainable packaging market by region, 2023-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 11. Packaging lifecycle .
Figure 12. Routes for synthesizing polymers from fossil-based and bio-based resources.
Figure 13. Organization and morphology of cellulose synthesizing terminal complexes (TCs) in different organisms.
Figure 14. Biosynthesis of (a) wood cellulose (b) tunicate cellulose and (c) BC.
Figure 15. Cellulose microfibrils and nanofibrils.
Figure 16. TEM image of cellulose nanocrystals.
Figure 17. CNC slurry.
Figure 18. CNF gel.
Figure 19. Bacterial nanocellulose shapes
Figure 20. BLOOM masterbatch from Algix.
Figure 21. Typical structure of mycelium-based foam.
Figure 22. Current management systems for waste plastics.
Figure 23. Global polymer demand 2022-2040, segmented by technology, million metric tons.
Figure 24. Global demand by recycling process, 2020-2040, million metric tons.
Figure 25. Market map for advanced recycling.
Figure 26. Value chain for advanced plastics recycling market.
Figure 27. Schematic layout of a pyrolysis plant.
Figure 28. Waste plastic production pathways to (A) diesel and (B) gasoline
Figure 29. Schematic for Pyrolysis of Scrap Tires.
Figure 30. Used tires conversion process.
Figure 31. SWOT analysis-pyrolysis for advanced recycling.
Figure 32. Total syngas market by product in MM Nm³/h of Syngas, 2021.
Figure 33. Overview of biogas utilization.
Figure 34. Biogas and biomethane pathways.
Figure 35. SWOT analysis-gasification for advanced recycling.
Figure 36. SWOT analysis-dissoluton for advanced recycling.
Figure 37. Products obtained through the different solvolysis pathways of PET, PU, and PA.
Figure 38. SWOT analysis-Hydrolysis for advanced chemical recycling.
Figure 39. SWOT analysis-Enzymolysis for advanced chemical recycling.
Figure 40. SWOT analysis-Methanolysis for advanced chemical recycling.
Figure 41. SWOT analysis-Glycolysis for advanced chemical recycling.
Figure 42. Mondelez confectionery packaging using chemically recycled PCR .
Figure 43. SWOT analysis-Aminolysis for advanced chemical recycling.
Figure 44. Kit Kat packaged in paper flow wrap .
Figure 45. Quality Street paper-based chocolate packaging .
Figure 46. Smarties paper-based chocolate packaging .
Figure 47. The global market for sustainable paper & board packaging by material type, 2019-2035 (‘000 tonnes).
Figure 48. The global market for sustainable paper & board packaging by material type, 2019-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 49. Chemically recycled PCR (up to 30%) for Hetbahn plastic tubs .
Figure 50. Types of bio-based materials used for antimicrobial food packaging application.
Figure 51. Water soluble packaging by Notpla.
Figure 52. Examples of edible films in food packaging.
Figure 53. Hefcel-coated wood (left) and untreated wood (right) after 30 seconds flame test.
Figure 54. The global market for sustainable food packaging by material type, 2019-2035 (‘000 tonnes).
Figure 55. The global market for sustainable food packaging by material type, 2019-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 56. Twinings mono-material standup pouches
Figure 57. Rezorce mono-material PP carton lifecycle.
Figure 58. Haleon mono-material blister packaging development.
Figure 59. DRS system for Hetbahn bowls .
Figure 60. The global market for sustainable flexible packaging by material type, 2019-2035 (‘000 tonnes).
Figure 61. The global market for sustainable flexible packaging by material type, 2019-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 62. The global market for sustainable rigid packaging by material type, 2019-2035 (‘000 tonnes).
Figure 63. The global market for sustainable rigid packaging by material type, 2019-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 64. Applications for CO2.
Figure 65. Life cycle of CO2-derived products and services.
Figure 66.  Conversion pathways for CO2-derived polymeric materials
Figure 67. Pluumo.
Figure 68. Anpoly cellulose nanofiber hydrogel.
Figure 69. MEDICELLU™.
Figure 70. Asahi Kasei CNF fabric sheet.
Figure 71. Properties of Asahi Kasei cellulose nanofiber nonwoven fabric.
Figure 72. CNF nonwoven fabric.
Figure 73. Passionfruit wrapped in Xgo Circular packaging.
Figure 74. Be Green Packaging molded fiber products.
Figure 75. Beyond Meat Molded Fiber Sausage Tray.
Figure 76. BIOLO e-commerce mailer bag made from PHA.
Figure 77. Reusable and recyclable foodservice cups, lids, and straws from Joinease Hong Kong Ltd., made with plant-based NuPlastiQ BioPolymer from BioLogiQ, Inc.
Figure 78. Fiber-based screw cap.
Figure 79. Molded fiber trays for contact lenses.
Figure 80. SEELCAP ONEGO.
Figure 81. CJ CheilJedang's biodegradable PHA-based wrapper for shipping products.
Figure 82. CuanSave film.
Figure 83. Cullen Eco-Friendly Packaging beerGUARD molded fiber trays.
Figure 84. ELLEX products.
Figure 85. CNF-reinforced PP compounds.
Figure 86. Kirekira! toilet wipes.
Figure 87. Edible packaging from Dissolves.
Figure 88. Rheocrysta spray.
Figure 89. DKS CNF products.
Figure 90. Molded fiber plastic rings.
Figure 91. Mushroom leather.
Figure 92. Evoware edible seaweed-based packaging
Figure 93. Photograph (a) and micrograph (b) of mineral/ MFC composite showing the high viscosity and fibrillar structure.
Figure 94. Forest and Whale container.
Figure 95. PHA production process.
Figure 96. Soy Silvestre’s wheatgrass shots.
Figure 97. Genera molded fiber meat trays.
Figure 98. AVAPTM process.
Figure 99. GreenPower+™ process.
Figure 100. Cutlery samples (spoon, knife, fork) made of nano cellulose and biodegradable plastic composite materials.
Figure 101. CNF gel.
Figure 102. Block nanocellulose material.
Figure 103. CNF products developed by Hokuetsu.
Figure 104. Unilever Carte D’Or ice cream packaging.
Figure 105. Kami Shoji CNF products.
Figure 106. Matrix Pack molded-fiber beverage cup lid.
Figure 107. Molded fiber Labeling applied to products.
Figure 108. IPA synthesis method.
Figure 109. Compostable water pod.
Figure 110. Coca-cola paper bottle prototype.
Figure 111. Papierfabrik Meldorf’s grass-based packaging materials .
Figure 112. PulPac dry molded fiber packaging for cosmetics.
Figure 113. XCNF.
Figure 114: Innventia AB movable nanocellulose demo plant.
Figure 115. Molded fiber tray.
Figure 116. Shellworks packaging containers.
Figure 117. Thales packaging incorporating Fibrease.
Figure 118. Molded pulp bottles.
Figure 119. Sulapac cosmetics containers.
Figure 120.  Sulzer equipment for PLA polymerization processing.
Figure 121. Molded fiber laundry detergent bottle.
Figure 122. Tanbark’s clamshell product.
Figure 123. Silver / CNF composite dispersions.
Figure 124. CNF/nanosilver powder.
Figure 125. Corbion FDCA production process.
Figure 126. UFP Technologies, Inc. product examples.
Figure 127. UPM biorefinery process.
Figure 128. Varden coffee pod.
Figure 129. Vegea production process.
Figure 130. Worn Again products.
Figure 131. npulp packaging.
Figure 132. Western Pulp Products corner protectors.
Figure 133. S-CNF in powder form.