+353-1-416-8900REST OF WORLD
+44-20-3973-8888REST OF WORLD
1-917-300-0470EAST COAST U.S
1-800-526-8630U.S. (TOLL FREE)

Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Global Market Insights 2023, Analysis and Forecast to 2028, by Manufacturers, Regions, Technology, Application, Product Type

  • PDF Icon

    Report

  • 86 Pages
  • May 2023
  • Region: Global
  • Prof Research
  • ID: 5772387

Quick Summary:

In a world where animal health is becoming increasingly important, the Global Market Report on Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health offers vital insights. This detailed report presents an in-depth study of the current and future market size of Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health. This comprehensive review includes both tangible and intangible factors, underlining alterations in market dynamics and trends across various regions.

The report is enriched with data from key regions like North America, Asia and Pacific, South America, Europe and the MEA, offering specific insights on the United States, China, Japan, India, Korea, ASEAN, Germany, France, UK, Italy, Spain, CIS, and Brazil among others. Furthermore, it canvasses information about global industry stakeholders, from market leaders to emergent contenders. For each competitor, this report gives a snapshot of the company profile, SWOT analysis, and data on sales volume, revenue, price, gross margin and market share. The assessment also shows how the market is stratified across several applications and livestock types, thereby offering complete market intelligence. Capitalize on this report to strategize effectively and maximize your market advantage.

Elevating its utility, the report caters specifically to several sectors within the industry, including Veterinary Clinics, Veterinary Hospitals, Veterinary Research Institutes, and Retail Pharmacies. It segments the market into Bovine, Ovine, Caprine, Swine, and Poultry categories. From titans like Bayer and Merck Animal Health to emerging companies, the analysis includes a broad spectrum of companies. Embrace this opportunity to understand the direction of the Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health market and assimilate the realities needed to make informed business decisions.

This report describes the global market size of Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health from 2018 to 2022 and its CAGR from 2018 to 2022, and also forecasts its market size to the end of 2028 and its CAGR from 2023 to 2028.

For the geography segment, regional supply, demand, major players, price is presented from 2018 to 2028.

This report covers the following regions:

  • North America
  • South America
  • Asia & Pacific
  • Europe
  • MEA
The key countries for each region are also included such as the United States, China, Japan, India, Korea, ASEAN, Germany, France, UK, Italy, Spain, CIS, and Brazil etc.

For the competitor segment, the report includes global key players of Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health as well as some small players.

The information for each competitor includes:

  • Company Profile
  • Main Business Information
  • SWOT Analysis
  • Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin
  • Market Share

Applications Segment:

  • Veterinary Clinic
  • Veterinary Hospital
  • Veterinary Research Institute
  • Retail Pharmacy

Types Segment:

  • Bovine
  • Ovine
  • Caprine
  • Swine
  • Poultry

Companies Covered:

  • Bayer
  • Bimeda
  • Boehringer Ingelheim
  • Ceva
  • Elanco
  • Merck Animal Health
Base Year: 2023
Historical Data: from 2018 to 2022
Forecast Data: from 2023 to 2028


This product will be delivered within 1-3 business days.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Executive SummaryChapter 2 Abbreviation and Acronyms
Chapter 3 Preface
3.1 Research Scope
3.2 Research Sources
3.2.1 Data Sources
3.2.2 Assumptions
3.3 Research Method
Chapter 4 Market Landscape
4.1 Market Overview
4.2 Classification/Types
4.3 Application/End Users
Chapter 5 Market Trend Analysis
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Drivers
5.3 Restraints
5.4 Opportunities
5.5 Threats
5.6 Covid-19 Impact
Chapter 6 Industry Chain Analysis
6.1 Upstream/Suppliers Analysis
6.2 Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Analysis
6.2.1 Technology Analysis
6.2.2 Cost Analysis
6.2.3 Market Channel Analysis
6.3 Downstream Buyers/End Users
Chapter 7 Latest Market Dynamics
7.1 Latest News
7.2 Merger and Acquisition
7.3 Planned/Future Project
7.4 Policy Dynamics
Chapter 8 Trading Analysis
8.1 Export of Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health by Region
8.2 Import of Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health by Region
8.3 Balance of Trade
Chapter 9 Historical and Forecast Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market in North America (2018-2028)
9.1 Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size
9.2 Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Demand by End Use
9.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
9.4 Type Segmentation and Price
9.5 Key Countries Analysis
9.5.1 United States
9.5.2 Canada
9.5.3 Mexico
Chapter 10 Historical and Forecast Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market in South America (2018-2028)
10.1 Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size
10.2 Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Demand by End Use
10.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
10.4 Type Segmentation and Price
10.5 Key Countries Analysis
10.5.1 Brazil
10.5.2 Argentina
10.5.3 Chile
10.5.4 Peru
Chapter 11 Historical and Forecast Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market in Asia & Pacific (2018-2028)
11.1 Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size
11.2 Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Demand by End Use
11.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
11.4 Type Segmentation and Price
11.5 Key Countries Analysis
11.5.1 China
11.5.2 India
11.5.3 Japan
11.5.4 South Korea
11.5.5 Southeast Asia
11.5.6 Australia
Chapter 12 Historical and Forecast Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market in Europe (2018-2028)
12.1 Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size
12.2 Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Demand by End Use
12.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
12.4 Type Segmentation and Price
12.5 Key Countries Analysis
12.5.1 Germany
12.5.2 France
12.5.3 United Kingdom
12.5.4 Italy
12.5.5 Spain
12.5.6 Belgium
12.5.7 Netherlands
12.5.8 Austria
12.5.9 Poland
12.5.10 Russia
Chapter 13 Historical and Forecast Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market in MEA (2018-2028)
13.1 Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size
13.2 Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Demand by End Use
13.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
13.4 Type Segmentation and Price
13.5 Key Countries Analysis
13.5.1 Egypt
13.5.2 Israel
13.5.3 South Africa
13.5.4 Gulf Cooperation Council Countries
13.5.5 Turkey
Chapter 14 Summary For Global Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market (2018-2023)
14.1 Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size
14.2 Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Demand by End Use
14.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
14.4 Type Segmentation and Price
Chapter 15 Global Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Forecast (2023-2028)
15.1 Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size Forecast
15.2 Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Demand Forecast
15.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
15.4 Type Segmentation and Price Forecast
Chapter 16 Analysis of Global Key Vendors
16.1 Bayer
16.1.1 Company Profile
16.1.2 Main Business and Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Information
16.1.3 SWOT Analysis of Bayer
16.1.4 Bayer Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.2 Bimeda
16.2.1 Company Profile
16.2.2 Main Business and Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Information
16.2.3 SWOT Analysis of Bimeda
16.2.4 Bimeda Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.3 Boehringer Ingelheim
16.3.1 Company Profile
16.3.2 Main Business and Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Information
16.3.3 SWOT Analysis of Boehringer Ingelheim
16.3.4 Boehringer Ingelheim Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.4 Ceva
16.4.1 Company Profile
16.4.2 Main Business and Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Information
16.4.3 SWOT Analysis of Ceva
16.4.4 Ceva Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.5 Elanco
16.5.1 Company Profile
16.5.2 Main Business and Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Information
16.5.3 SWOT Analysis of Elanco
16.5.4 Elanco Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.6 Merck Animal Health
16.6.1 Company Profile
16.6.2 Main Business and Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Information
16.6.3 SWOT Analysis of Merck Animal Health
16.6.4 Merck Animal Health Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Tables and Figures
Table Abbreviation and Acronyms List
Table Research Scope of Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Report
Table Data Sources of Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Report
Table Major Assumptions of Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Report
Figure Market Size Estimated Method
Figure Major Forecasting Factors
Figure Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Picture
Table Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Classification
Table Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Applications List
Table Drivers of Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market
Table Restraints of Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market
Table Opportunities of Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market
Table Threats of Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market
Table Covid-19 Impact For Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market
Table Raw Materials Suppliers List
Table Different Production Methods of Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health
Table Cost Structure Analysis of Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health
Table Key End Users List
Table Latest News of Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market
Table Merger and Acquisition List
Table Planned/Future Project of Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market
Table Policy of Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market
Table 2018-2028 Regional Export of Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health
Table 2018-2028 Regional Import of Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health
Table 2018-2028 Regional Trade Balance
Figure 2018-2028 Regional Trade Balance
Table 2018-2028 North America Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 North America Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 North America Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 North America Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 North America Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 North America Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 North America Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 North America Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 United States Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 United States Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Canada Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Canada Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Mexico Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Mexico Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 South America Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 South America Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 South America Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 South America Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 South America Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 South America Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 South America Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 South America Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 Brazil Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Brazil Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Argentina Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Argentina Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Chile Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Chile Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Peru Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Peru Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 Asia & Pacific Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 Asia & Pacific Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 Asia & Pacific Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 China Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 China Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 India Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 India Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Japan Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Japan Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 South Korea Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 South Korea Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Southeast Asia Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size List
Table 2018-2028 Southeast Asia Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Southeast Asia Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Import List
Table 2018-2028 Southeast Asia Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Export List
Table 2018-2028 Australia Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Australia Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Europe Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 Europe Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 Europe Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 Europe Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 Europe Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 Europe Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 Europe Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 Europe Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 Germany Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Germany Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 France Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 France Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 United Kingdom Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 United Kingdom Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Italy Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Italy Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Spain Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Spain Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Belgium Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Belgium Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Netherlands Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Netherlands Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Austria Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Austria Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Poland Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Poland Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Russia Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Russia Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 MEA Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 MEA Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 MEA Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 MEA Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 MEA Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 MEA Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 MEA Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 MEA Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 Egypt Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Egypt Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Israel Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Israel Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 South Africa Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 South Africa Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Gulf Cooperation Council Countries Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Gulf Cooperation Council Countries Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Turkey Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Turkey Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Import & Export List
Table 2018-2023 Global Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size List by Region
Table 2018-2023 Global Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size Share List by Region
Table 2018-2023 Global Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Volume List by Region
Table 2018-2023 Global Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Volume Share List by Region
Table 2018-2023 Global Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 Global Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Demand Market Share List by Application
Table 2018-2023 Global Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Key Vendors Sales List
Table 2018-2023 Global Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Key Vendors Sales Share List
Figure 2018-2023 Global Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Volume and Growth Rate
Table 2018-2023 Global Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Key Vendors Revenue List
Figure 2018-2023 Global Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and Growth Rate
Table 2018-2023 Global Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Key Vendors Revenue Share List
Table 2018-2023 Global Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 Global Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Demand Market Share List by Type
Table 2018-2023 Regional Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Price List
Table 2023-2028 Global Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size List by Region
Table 2023-2028 Global Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size Share List by Region
Table 2023-2028 Global Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Volume List by Region
Table 2023-2028 Global Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Volume Share List by Region
Table 2023-2028 Global Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Demand List by Application
Table 2023-2028 Global Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Demand Market Share List by Application
Table 2023-2028 Global Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Key Vendors Sales List
Table 2023-2028 Global Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Key Vendors Sales Share List
Figure 2023-2028 Global Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Volume and Growth Rate
Table 2023-2028 Global Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Key Vendors Revenue List
Figure 2023-2028 Global Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Size and Growth Rate
Table 2023-2028 Global Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Key Vendors Revenue Share List
Table 2023-2028 Global Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Demand List by Type
Table 2023-2028 Global Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Demand Market Share List by Type
Table 2023-2028 Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Regional Price List
Table Bayer Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Bayer
Table 2018-2023 Bayer Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Bayer Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Bayer Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Share
Table Bimeda Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Bimeda
Table 2018-2023 Bimeda Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Bimeda Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Bimeda Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Share
Table Boehringer Ingelheim Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Boehringer Ingelheim
Table 2018-2023 Boehringer Ingelheim Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Boehringer Ingelheim Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Boehringer Ingelheim Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Share
Table Ceva Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Ceva
Table 2018-2023 Ceva Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Ceva Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Ceva Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Share
Table Elanco Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Elanco
Table 2018-2023 Elanco Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Elanco Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Elanco Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Share
Table Merck Animal Health Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Merck Animal Health
Table 2018-2023 Merck Animal Health Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Merck Animal Health Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Merck Animal Health Clostridium Vaccine Animal Health Market Share

Companies Mentioned

  • Bayer
  • Bimeda
  • Boehringer Ingelheim
  • Ceva
  • Elanco
  • Merck Animal Health
  • Sanofi S.A.
  • Virbac
  • Zoetis

Methodology

Loading
LOADING...