Netter's Neuroscience Flash Cards. Edition No. 4

Table of Contents

1 Overview of the Nervous System

Plates 1-1 to 1-64

1-22 Anatomy of the Basal Surface of the Brain, with

the Brain Stem and Cerebellum Removed

1-23 Brain Imaging: Computed Tomography Scans,

Coronal and Sagittal

1-24 Brain Imaging: Magnetic Resonance Imaging,

Axial and Sagittal T1-Weighted Images

1-25 Brain Imaging: Magnetic Resonance Imaging,

Axial and Sagittal T2-Weighted Images

1-26 Horizontal Brain Sections Showing the Basal

Ganglia

1-27 Major Limbic Forebrain Structures

1-28 Color Imaging of the Corpus Callosum by

Diffusion Tensor Imaging

1-29 Hippocampal Formation and Fornix

1-30 Thalamic Anatomy

1-31 Thalamic Nuclei

1-32 Brain Stem Surface Anatomy: Posterolateral View

1-33 Brain Stem Surface Anatomy: Anterior View

1-34 Cerebellar Anatomy: Internal Features

1-35 Spinal Column: Bony Anatomy

1-36 Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy In Situ

1-37 Spinal Cord: Its Meninges and Spinal Roots

1-38 Spinal Cord: Cross-Sectional Anatomy In Situ

1-39 Spinal Cord: White and Gray Matter

1-40 Ventricular Anatomy 1-41 Ventricular Anatomy in Coronal Forebrain Section

1-42 Anatomy of the Fourth Ventricle: Lateral View

1-43 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Ventricles:

Axial and Coronal Views

1-44 Circulation of the Cerebrospinal Fluid

1-45 Arterial Supply to the Brain and Meninges

1-46 Common Sites of Cerebrovascular Occlusive

Disease

1-47 Arterial Distribution to the Brain: Basal View

1-48 Arterial Distribution to the Brain: Cutaway Basal

View Showing the Circle of Willis

1-49 Arterial Distribution to the Brain: Coronal

Forebrain Section

1-50 Circle of Willis: Schematic Illustration and Vessels

In Situ

1-51 Arterial Distribution to the Brain: Lateral and

Medial Views

1-52 Magnetic Resonance Angiography: Coronal Full

Vessel View

1-53 Vertebrobasilar Arterial System

1-54 Arterial Blood Supply to the Spinal Cord:

Longitudinal View

1-55 Arterial Supply to the Spinal Cord: Cross-

Sectional View

1-56 Meninges and Superficial Cerebral Veins

1-57 Venous Sinuses 1-58 Magnetic Resonance Venography

1-59 Neurulation

1-60 Neural Tube Development and Neural Crest

Formation

1-61 Development of Peripheral Axons

1-62 Early Brain Development: 36-Day-Old Embryo

1-63 Early Brain Development: 49-Day-Old Embryo and

3-Month-Old Embryo

1-64 Development of the Ventricles

2 Regional Neuroscience

Plates 2-1 to 2-99

2-1 Spinal Cord and PNS Schematic

2-2 Anatomy of a Peripheral Nerve

2-3 Cutaneous Receptors

2-4 Neuromuscular Junction

2-5 Dermatomal Distribution

2-6 Cutaneous Distribution of Peripheral Nerves

2-7 Cutaneous Nerves of the Head and Neck

2-8 Phrenic Nerve

2-9 Brachial Plexus

2-10 Cutaneous Innervation of the Upper Limb from

Peripheral Nerves

2-11 Scapular, Axillary, and Radial Nerves above the

Elbow

2-12 Radial Nerve in the Forearm

2-13 Musculocutaneous Nerve

2-14 Median Nerve

2-15 Ulnar Nerve

2-16 Lumbar Plexus

2-17 Sacral and Coccygeal Plexuses

2-18 Femoral and Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerves

2-19 Obturator Nerve

2-20 Sciatic and Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerves

2-21 Tibial Nerve

2-22 Common Peroneal Nerve 2-23 Schematic of the Autonomic Nervous System

2-24 Autonomic Distribution to the Head and Neck-

Medial View

2-25 Autonomic Distribution to the Head and Neck-

Lateral View

2-26 Autonomic Distribution to the Eye

2-27 Thoracic Sympathetic Chain and Splanchnic

Nerves

2-28 Innervation of the Tracheobronchial Tree

2-29 Innervation of the Heart

2-30 Abdominal Nerves and Ganglia

2-31 Nerves of the Esophagus

2-32 Nerves of the Stomach and Duodenum

2-33 Nerves of the Small Intestine

2-34 Nerves of the Large Intestine

2-35 Enteric Nervous System

2-36 Autonomic Innervation of the Liver and Biliary

Tract

2-37 Autonomic Innervation of the Pancreas

2-38 Innervation of the Adrenal Gland

2-39 Nerves of the Kidneys, Ureters, and Urinary

Bladder

2-40 Innervation of the Male Reproductive Organs

2-41 Innervation of the Female Reproductive Organs

2-42 Cytoarchitecture of the Spinal Cord Gray Matter 2-43 Spinal Cord Cross Sections 1 (C7, T7)

2-44 Spinal Cord Cross Sections 2 (L4, S2)

2-45 Spinal Cord Imaging

2-46 Spinal Somatic Reflex Pathways

2-47 Muscle and Joint Receptors and Muscle Spindles

2-48 Brain Stem Cross Section: Medulla-Spinal Cord

Transition

2-49 Brain Stem Cross Section: Medulla at the Level of

the Obex

2-50 Brain Stem Cross Section: Medulla at the Level of

the Inferior Olive

2-51 Brain Stem Cross Section: Medulla at the Level of

CN X and the Vestibular Nuclei

2-52 Brain Stem Cross Section: Medullo-Pontine

Junction

2-53 Brain Stem Cross Section: Pons at the Level of

the Facial Nucleus

2-54 Brain Stem Cross Section: Pons at the Level of

the Genu of the Facial Nerve

2-55 Brain Stem Cross Sections: Pons at the Level of

the Trigeminal Motor and Main Sensory Nuclei

2-56 Brain Stem Cross Section: Pons-Midbrain

Junction

2-57 Brain Stem Cross Section: Midbrain at the Level

of the Inferior Colliculus

2-58 Brain Stem Cross Section: Midbrain at the Level

of the Superior Colliculus and Geniculate Nuclei 2-59 Brain Stem Cross Section: Midbrain-Diencephalic

Junction

2-60 Brain Stem Arterial Syndromes

2-61 Cranial Nerves: Basal View of the Brain

2-62 Cranial Nerves and Their Nuclei: Schematic View

2-63 Nerves of the Orbit

2-64 Extraocular Cranial Nerves

2-65 Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)

2-66 Facial Nerve (CN VII)

2-67 Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII)

2-68 Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)

2-69 Vagus Nerve (CN X)

2-70 Accessory Nerve (CN XI)

2-71 Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)

2-72 Reticular Formation and Nuclei

2-73 Sleep-Wakefulness Control

2-74 Cerebellar Organization: Lobes and Regions

2-75 Cerebellar Anatomy: Deep Nuclei and Cerebellar

Peduncles

2-76 Thalamic Anatomy and Interconnections with the

Cerebral Cortex

2-77 Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

2-78 Hypothalamic Nuclei

2-79 Axial Sections through the Forebrain: Midpons

2-80 Axial Sections through the Forebrain: Midbrain 2-81 Axial Sections through the Forebrain: Rostral

Midbrain and Hypothalamus

2-82 Axial Sections through the Forebrain: Anterior

Commissure and Caudal Thalamus

2-83 Axial Sections through the Forebrain: Head of the

Caudate Nucleus and Midthalamus

2-84 Axial Sections through the Forebrain: Basal

Ganglia and Internal Capsule

2-85 Axial Section through the Forebrain: Dorsal

Caudate Nucleus, Splenium and Genu of the

Internal Capsule

2-86 Coronal Sections through the Forebrain: Genu of

the Corpus Callosum

2-87 Coronal Sections through the Forebrain: Head of

the Caudate Nucleus and Nucleus Accumbens

2-88 Coronal Sections through the Forebrain: Anterior

Commissure and Columns of the Fornix

2-89 Coronal Sections through the Forebrain:

Amygdala, Anterior Limb of the Internal Capsule

2-90 Coronal Sections through the Forebrain:

Mammillary Bodies

2-91 Coronal Sections through the Forebrain:

Midthalamus

2-92 Coronal Sections through the Forebrain:

Geniculate Nuclei

2-93 Cortical Association Pathways 2-94 Color Imaging of Projection Pathways from the

Cerebral Cortex

2-95 Noradrenergic Pathways

2-96 Serotonergic Pathways

2-97 Dopaminergic Pathways

2-98 Central Cholinergic Pathways

2-99 Olfactory Nerves

3 Systemic Neuroscience

Plates 3-1 to 3-62

3-1 Somatosensory Afferents to the Spinal Cord

3-2 Somatosensory System: Spinocerebellar

Pathways

3-3 Somatosensory System: Dorsal Column System

and Epicritic Modalities

3-4 Somatosensory System: Spinothalamic and

Spinoreticular Systems and Protopathic Modalities

3-5 Mechanisms of Neuropathic Pain and

Sympathetically Maintained Pain

3-6 Descending Control of Pain Processing

3-7 Trigeminal Sensory and Associated Sensory

Systems

3-8 Pain-Sensitive Structures of the Head, and Pain

Referral

3-9 Taste Pathways

3-10 Peripheral Pathways for Sound Reception

3-11 Bony and Membranous Labyrinths

3-12 VIII Nerve Innervation of Hair Cells of the Organ of

Corti

3-13 Auditory Pathways

3-14 Centrifugal (Efferent) Auditory Pathways

3-15 Vestibular Receptors

3-16 Vestibular Pathways

3-17 Nystagmus

3-18 Anatomy of the Eye 3-19 Anterior and Posterior Chambers of the Eye

3-20 Retina: Retinal Layers

3-21 Arteries and Veins of the Eye

3-22 Optic Chiasm

3-23 Visual Pathways: Retinal Projections to the

Thalamus, Hypothalamus, and Brain Stem

3-24 Pupillary Light Reflex

3-25 Visual Pathway: Retino-Geniculo-Calcarine

Pathway

3-26 Visual Pathways in the Parietal and Temporal

Lobes

3-27 Distribution of Lower Motor Neurons (LMNs) in the

Brain Stem

3-28 Cortical Efferent Pathways

3-29 Color Imaging of Cortical Efferent Pathways

3-30 Corticobulbar Tract

3-31 Corticospinal Tract

3-32 Rubrospinal Tract

3-33 Vestibulospinal Tracts

3-34 Reticulospinal Tracts

3-35 Central Control of Eye Movements

3-36 Central Control of Respiration

3-37 Cerebellar Neuronal Circuitry

3-38 Afferent Pathways to the Cerebellum 3-39 Cerebellar Efferent Pathways

3-40 Connections of the Basal Ganglia

3-41 General Organization of the Autonomic Nervous

System

3-42 Sections through the Rostral Hypothalamus:

Preoptic and Supraoptic Zones

3-43 Sections through the Midhypothalamus: Tuberal

Zone

3-44 Sections through the Caudal Hypothalamus:

Mammillary Zone

3-45 Schematic Reconstruction of the Hypothalamus

3-46 Afferent and Efferent Pathways Associated with

the Hypothalamus

3-47 Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus

3-48 Mechanisms of Cytokine Influences on the

Hypothalamus and Other Brain Regions and on

Behavior

3-49 Circumventricular Organs

3-50 Hypophysial Portal Vasculature

3-51 Regulation of the Anterior Pituitary Hormone

Secretion

3-52 Posterior Pituitary (Neurohypophysial) Hormones:

Oxytocin and Vasopressin

3-53 Hypothalamus and Thermoregulation

3-54 Hypothalamic Regulation of Cardiac Function

3-55 Neuroimmunomodulation 3-56 Anatomy of the Limbic Forebrain

3-57 Hippocampal Formation: General Anatomy

3-58 Neuronal Connections of the Hippocampal

Formation

3-59 Major Afferent and Efferent Connections of the

Hippocampal Formation

3-60 Major Efferent Connections of the Amygdala

3-61 Major Connections of the Cingulate Cortex

3-62 Olfactory Pathways

Authors

David L. Felten Associate Dean of Clinical Sciences, University of Medicine and Health, New York, New York. DAVID L. FELTEN, MD, PhD, is Assoc. Dean of Clinical Sciences and Prof. Neurosciences at UMHS. He's former VP for Research and Medical Director of Research at William Beaumont Health System and Founding Associate Dean for their School of Medicine. He previously served as Dean of Grad Med Ed at Seton Hall; Founding Executive Director of the Susan Samueli Center for Integrative Medicine and Prof of Anatomy and Neurobiology at UC Irvine; Founding Director of the Center for Neuroimmunology at Loma Linda School of Medicine; and the Kilian J. and Caroline F. Schmitt Professor and Chair of Department of Neurobiology, and Director of Markey Charitable Trust Institute for Neurobiology and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging at U of Rochester. His pioneering studies of autonomic innervation of lymphoid organs and neural-immune signaling underling psychoneuroimmunology has been featured on Bill Moyer's, "Healing and the Mind,� "20/20,� and many other media venues. He served for over a decade on NBME, including Chair of the Neurosciences Committee for the USMLE.