As biomechanics is fundamental to understanding the normal and pathological functions of the aorta, Biomechanics of the Aorta presents a holistic analysis of aortic physiology, clinical imaging, tissue and blood flow modeling. It investigates a wide range of topics from basic sciences (vascular biology, continuum mechanics, image analysis) to essential knowledge for clinical applications, including diagnostics, aortic rupture prediction, as well as surgical planning. Expert chapter authors describe and present computational studies and experimental benches, to mimic, understand and propose the best treatment of aortic pathologies. Divided into five parts, the book begins with an introduction to the fundamental aspects of the anatomy, biology, and physiopathology of the aorta, and then proceeds to present concepts of imaging and tissue/rheology characterization, tissue modeling and rupture, and flow modeling and algorithms. The final part dives into applications and case studies including transcatheter aortic valve implantation, aortic aneurysm rupture prediction, aortic dissections, and pharmacological treatments.
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Table of Contents
PART 1 Anatomy, biology, physiopathology 1. Physiopathology 2. Genetics of aortic disease 3. Mechanobiology of aortic cells and extracellular matrix 4. Clinical treatment options PART 2 Imaging and tissue/rheology characterization 5. Novel experimental methods to characterize the mechanical properties of the aorta 6. Imaging aortic flows in 4D using MRI 7. Ultrasound imaging for aortic biomechanics 8. Functional imaging, focus on [18F]FDG positron emission tomography 9. Image processing: Deep learning for aorta model reconstruction PART 3 Tissue modeling and rupture 10. On simulation of the biophysical behavior of the aortic heart valve interstitial cell 11. Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and thrombus modeling 12. Computational modeling of aneurysm growth in mechanobiology 13. Analysis of aortic rupture: A computational biomechanics perspective 14. Multiscale modeling of aortic mechanics: Tissue, network, and protein PART 4 Flow modeling and algorithm 15. Multiphysics flow modeling in the aorta 16. Novel Approaches for the numerical solution of fluid-structure interaction in the Aorta 17. Turbulence modeling of blood flow 18. Inverse problems in aortic flow modeling 19. Modeling of flow induced mechanosignaling 20. Reduced order modeling of cardiovascular hemodynamics PART 5 Applications 21. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) 22. Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm rupture prediction 23. (T)EVAR simulation 24. Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) in aortic dissections 25. Pharmacological treatments, mouse models, and the aorta
Authors
T. Christian Gasser Professor, KTH Solid Mechanics, Stockholm, Sweden. T. Christian Gasser is a professor of biomechanics at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden, and an adjunct professor at the University of Southern Denmark in Odense, Denmark. Professor Gasser is the principal founder of VASCOPS GmbH, Graz, Austria, and ARTEC Vascular Diagnosis AB, Stockholm, Sweden. His scientific interest relates to vascular biomechanical problems,with particular emphasis on numerical techniques to solve clinically relevant questions. Constitutive models developed by Professor Gasser have been implemented in many major finite element simulation packages, and translational research led to diagnostic software that is used at many clinical centers.
Professor Gasser is among the highest-cited researchers in vascular biomechanics. He has taught numerous courses at undergraduate and graduate levels, served as a supervisor for many engineering and clinical PhD students, is a frequent member of examination and grading committees, and is a reviewer of several science councils as well as the most relevant scientific journals in the field. St�phane Avril Full Professor, Institut Mines Telecom affiliated, Mines Saint-Etienne, France. St�phane Avril is a distinguished Full Professor at Institut Mines Telecom affiliated at Mines Saint-Etienne in France. St�phane received his PhD in mechanical and civil engineering in 2002 at Mines Saint-Etienne (France). After positions at Arts et M�tiers ParisTech (France) and Loughborough University (UK), St�phane returned to his alma mater in 2008 and extended his experience of inverse problems to soft tissue biomechanics, especially regarding aortic aneurisms in close collaboration with vascular surgeons. St�phane was a visiting Professor at Yale University between 2014 and 2019 and is currently a guest professor at TU Vienna and TU Graz in Austria. St�phane has received many awards and distinctions including an ERC (European Research Council) consolidator grant for the Biolochanics project on: Localization in biomechanics and mechanobiology of aneurysms: Towards personalized medicine. Most of St�phane's research is aimed at improving the treatment of cardiovascular diseases by assisting physicians and surgeons with biomechanical numerical simulations. In 2017, St�phane co-founded Predisurge, a spin-off company of IMT at Mines Saint-Etienne. PrediSurge offers innovative software solutions for patient-specific numerical simulation of surgical procedures with first applications in endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). John A. Elefteriades William W.L. Glenn Professor of Surgery; Director, Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven Connecticut, USA. John A. Elefteriades is the William W.L. Glenn Professor of Surgery at Yale University and the
Emeritus Director of the Aortic Institute at Yale New Haven Hospital. He is a past president of the
Connecticut Chapter of the American College of Cardiology and a member of the national Board
of Governors of the College. Dr. Elefteriades is also the past president of the International College of Angiology. He serves on the editorial board of the American Journal of Cardiology, the Journal of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiology, and the Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, and he is the editor-in-chief of the journal AORTA. He has been a member of the Thoracic Surgery Director's Association and has been named consistently in The Best Doctors in America. He is a frequently requested international lecturer, visiting professor, and guest surgeon. He has received the Walter Bleifeld Memorial Award for Distinguished Contribution in Clinical Research in Cardiology and the John B. Chang Research Achievement Award. In 2005, he was selected to lecture at the Leadership in Biomedicine Series at the Yale University School of Medicine. In 2006, he received the Socrates Award from the Thoracic Residents Association, the Thoracic Surgery Directors' Association, and the Society
of Thoracic Surgeons, recognizing exceptional achievement in teaching and mentoring residents. In 2017, Dr. Elefteriades was awarded an honorary PhD from the University of Liege (Belgium) in recognition of his work in the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases. In 2020, Dr. Elefteriades was recognized by Expertscape as the top aortic specialist in the world.
