This volume reviews issues that address the interconnection between digital economy, sustainability and international economic law. It covers a range of topics, including renewables subsidies, AI and corporate governance, digital currency, dispute resolution and new developments in trade law. The selection of chapters intends to illustrate how the digital economic, sustainable development goals and arrangements could influence and potentially shape international economic law, and how they are intertwined in an increasingly connected world. However, as the concepts of digital economy and sustainable development integrate unevenly into different fields of law, the selection focuses on some of the most visible influences in corporate and international trade law in Asia.
The chapters in this volume are written by eminent authorities who are devoted to the emerging multidisciplinary fields of international economic law. Contributions include structured sections with a concluding summary and reference list for the benefit of a broad range of readers.
This is a timely reference for legal scholars, practitioners and law students seeking updated and critical information from the perspective of an increasingly digital, and sustainability-focused global trade economy.
The chapters in this volume are written by eminent authorities who are devoted to the emerging multidisciplinary fields of international economic law. Contributions include structured sections with a concluding summary and reference list for the benefit of a broad range of readers.
This is a timely reference for legal scholars, practitioners and law students seeking updated and critical information from the perspective of an increasingly digital, and sustainability-focused global trade economy.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 a Legal Analysis of the Photovoltaic Subsidy Under the Wto Trade Regime- Kailun Zheng
- Introduction
- Pv and Renewable Energy Subsidies Under the Umbrella of the Wto 2 Eu Renewable Energy Policies
- The Intersection of Technology Innovation and the Wto Subsidy 10 Technology Subsidies in Wto Large AIrcraft Cases
- The Deficiencies in the Technology Subsidy Rules
- The Difficulty in Calculating Research Benefits
- Looking Forward
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgement
- References
- Federica Monti
- Introduction
- The Origin and the Development of Csr: a Brief Overview
- Cultural Variables as the Major Discriminating Factor
- Dimensions of Csr in Eastern and Southern Asia Countries: China, Japan, and Bhutan
- Corporate Social Responsibility in the People’S Republic of China
- The Influence of Confucianism and Other Socio-Political and Philosophicalreligious Movements
- A Csr With Chinese Characteristics
- Japanese Csr and the “Reverse Effect of Thinking Kaizen”. A Brief Analysis of the Most Common Japanese Business Terms
- The Kingdom of Bhutan
- Gnh & Csr: is There Any Common Ground?
- The International and European Tendency, Through Shared Csr Definitions: a Macro Overview
- Concluding Remarks
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgement
- References
- Laura Marchegiani
- Introduction
- Management Functions and AI
- Rethinking Corporate Purpose: What a Role for AI?
- Ancillary Algorithms: Digital Corporate Governance and Directors’ Liability
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publicaton
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgement
- References
- Qi Lu and Xiya Ye
- Introduction
- The Reasons for Issuance of a Cbdc, Concept Clarification, and Possible Models
- The Necessity and Merits of Issuing a Cbdc
- Definition of Cbdc - With Comparison to Other Digital Currencies
- Possible Models of Cbdc
- The Chinese Cbdc - Dcep
- Elements and Models of the Chinese Cbdc in Testing
- Synthesis of Account-Based and Token-Based Two-Tier System
- Remuneration or Not?
- Other Features of the Dcep
- Challenges That the Dcep May Encounter
- Paradoxes Between the Narrow Banking Issue and Facilitation of Dcep’S Wide Use
- Possible Responses to the Challenges - Differentiated Treatment for Different Types of Digital Wallets
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgement
- References
- Hui Chen
- Introduction
- Research Scope of Commercial Mediation
- Commercial Mediation Systems in the Mainland and Hong Kong
- Development of Mediation in China
- The Mediation System in Hong Kong
- Emerging Problems in Promoting Commercial Mediation in the Gba 120 the Principle of Voluntariness in Mediation
- The Principle of Confidentiality of Mediation
- Enforceability of Mediated Settlement Agreements
- Capacity Building of Mediators
- The Hong Kong Experience and Implications for the Refinement of Gba Mediation System
- Voluntariness and Self-Determination of Mediation Activities
- Confidentiality Rules in Mediation
- Enforceability of Mediated Settlement Agreements
- Uniform Accreditation Standards and Organization
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgement
- References
- Jie Zheng and Li Chen
- Introduction: the Design of the Ddrm and Its Background
- The Construction of the Cicc in China Under the Belt-And-Road Initiative
- Jurisdiction of the Cicc
- Enhanced Expertise in Adjudicating Foreign-Related Commercial Disputes
- Streamlined Procedural Reforms and Advanced Evidentiary Rules
- The One-Step International Commercial Ddsm Platform
- Recent Arbitration Reforms in China in Shanghai Ftzs
- Nationality of Foreign Administered Awards Seated in China
- Validity of Arbitration Agreements With the Designation of Foreign Arbitration Institutions 150 Capacity Building of Mediators
- The Need for a Thorough Breakthrough in the Amendment of the Arbitration Law of the Prc
- Commercial Mediation Development in China
- Mediation in China from a Historical Perspective
- People’S Mediation With Chinese Characteristics
- Judicial Mediation as a Solution to Tackle Case Overload
- Development of Commercial Mediation in the Shadow of Law
- Institutionalization and the Rise of Commercial Mediation in China
- Boundaries Between People’S Mediation and Commercial Mediation
- Lack of Legal Certainty Regarding the Enforceability of International Mediated Settlement Agreements
- Conclusion: Future Development of the Ddrm
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgement
- References
- Subject Index
- Contents Preface
- Introduction to Electrochemical Biosensors
- Introduction
- Basic Principle of Biosensor
- Classification of Biosensors Based on Transducers
- Electrochemical Biosensors
- Optical Biosensors
- Mass-Base Biosensors
- Thermal Biosensors
- Energy Biosensors
- Classification of Biosensors Based on Bioreceptor
- Enzyme
- Antibody
- Aptamers
- Cells
- Microbial
- Electrochemical Biosensors
- Fundamentals and Terminology
- Voltammetric Biosensors
- Potentiometric Biosensors
- Impedimetric Biosensors
- Economic and Market for Biosensors
- The Biomedical Sector
- The Food Production Industry
- Protection of the Environment
- Markets and Application Fields
- Conclusion
- References
- Introduction
- Electrochemical Biosensors Design Steps
- Step 1: Desired Analyte Selection
- Step 2: Biosensing Mode Determination
- Step 3: Working Electrode and Cell Elements Selection
- Step 4: Material Platform Design
- Step 5: Biological Element Determination
- Step 6: Immobilization Method Design
- Step 7: Post Processing
- Step 8: Doe of Previous Steps
- Step 9: Biosensor Functional Characterization
- Step 10: Data Analysis and Reporting
- Biosensing Mode Determination
- Detection or Measurement Mode Based on Process
- Detection or Measurement Mode Based on Electrochemical Transduction
- Biological Element Determination
- Immobilization Method Design
- Methods of Irreversible Immobilization
- Methods of Reversible Immobilization
- Post Processing
- Inner and Outer Membranes
- Biocompatible and Biostable Surfaces
- Biosensor Functional Characterization and Reporting
- Calibration Characteristics
- Selectivity
- Reliability
- Steady-State and Transient Response Times
- Sample Throughput and Recovery Time
- Reproducibility
- Stability
- Lifetime
- Conclusion
- References
- Introduction
- Carbone-Based Materials
- Fullerenes
- Carbone Nanotube
- Graphene
- Nanodiamonds of Carbon
- Carbon Nanohorns
- Carbon Dots
- Carbon Nanofibers
- Polymers and Conductive Polymers
- Identification Element Immobilization Techniques
- Assortments of Mnppf for Electrochemical Biosensors and Transducers
- Provision of Molecular Imprinted Polymers/Surface Imprinted Polymers for Electrochemical Biosensor
- Dendrimers
- Electrochemical Biosensing Based on Mnppfs
- Nanoparticles
- Gold Nanoparticles
- Platinum Nanoparticles
- Silver Nanoparticles
- Palladium Nanoparticles
- Nickel Nanoparticles
- Copper Nanoparticles
- Iron(Iii) Oxide Nanoparticles
- Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles
- Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
- Zeolites and Other Aluminosilicates With Nanoscale Structure
- Inorganic Quantum Dots
- Doped Inorganic Nms
- Nanostructured Carbon Black
- Calixarenes
- Biological Elements and Biomaterials
- Enzymatic Nanocomposites
- Nucleic Acid Nanocomposites
- Immunoassay Based Nanocomposites
- Aptasensor
- Biopolymeric Nanocomposites
- Composite and Sandwich Platforms
- Sandwich Platform
- Composite
- Conclusion
- References
- Introduction
- Design of Experiments
- Fundamentals
- Approaches to Design of Experiments
- Components of Experimental Design
- Purpose of Experimentation
- Guidelines for Designing Experiments
- Experiment Design Process
- Instrumentation
- Electrochemical Cell
- Working Electrode
- Reference Electrode
- Counter Electrode
- Other Electrochemical Cells
- Principles of Potentiostats
- Experiments With Two, Three, and Four Electrodes
- Electrochemical Techniques
- Amperometric
- Potentiometric
- Impedometric
- Working With Biological Elements
- What is Cell Culture?
- Cell Culture Conditions
- Morphology of Cells in Culture
- What is Subculture?
- Applications of Cell Culture
- Biologically Important Molecules
- Conclusion
- References
- Introduction
- Medical Diagnosis
- Genetic Disorder
- Dna Fragmentation
- Detection of Pathogenic Microbes
- Autoimmune-Mediated Inflammatory Disease
- Chronic Autoimmune Disease
- Application for Diagnostics
- Pathogen Diagnostics
- Tumor Markers
- Cardiac Marker
- Analyses of Drug Action
- Other Works
- Environmental Monitoring
- Heavy Metal
- Pesticides
- Food Quality
- Food Toxins
- Antibiotic Residues
- Study of Enzyme Kinetics
- Conclusion
- References
- Subject Index
- Contents Foreword
Author
- Lei Zhang
-Xiaowen Tan
-Pinguang Ying
