Pond and fly ash waste materials generated by thermal power stations pollute the environment; this book demonstrates how the utilization of these materials minimizes environmental pollution and conserves land for cultivation.
This book highlights the preparation of ceramics using pond/fly ash. Since the mullite phase formed by heat treatment improves the properties of ceramics, current investigations will perhaps be the first attempt to develop ceramics using pond ash. The properties of components made with these developed ceramics are found to be comparable to those made with porcelain.
The extensively reviewed chapters of this book illustrate the current status of research on these materials. At the end of each of the 10 chapters, conclusions are drawn which will benefit researchers working in this area. Subjects discussed include: - The fundamentals of thermal power plant wastes; - Different production methods of ceramics and various characterization techniques; - The preparation of ceramics from fly ash and fly ash/kaolin composite; - The production of ceramics using pond ash; - The preparation and characterization of geopolymer from pond ash and the preparation of pond ash composite; - Production of ceramic matrix composite (CMC) using pond ash and pyrophyllite; - The preparation of ceramics using pond ash and k-feldspar mixture.
Audience
The book will be used by civil engineers in the construction and ceramic industries as well as the industrial waste sector. Researchers in materials science, structural, civil and electrical engineering, environmental science, and ceramic engineering, will also have interest. Industries that have an interest include construction, electrical, and ceramic industries as well as pollution and waste sectors.
Table of Contents
Preface ix
1 Fundamentals of Thermal Power Plant Wastes-as Ceramic Backbone 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Thermal Power Plant Wastes 2
1.3 Generation of Thermal Power Plant Ashes 2
1.4 Nature and Composition of Thermal Power Plant Ashes 5
1.5 Characteristics of Thermal Power Plant Ashes 10
1.6 Causes of Resistance in Insulator 14
1.7 Resistance Measurement 15
1.8 Different Methods for Resistivity Measurement 15
1.9 Resistance Temperature Detector (RTDs) 19
1.9.1 Benefit of RTD 19
1.10 Platinum Resistance Thermometer (PRTs) 19
1.11 Thermal Power Plant Wastes (i.e., Coal Ash) Management 20
1.12 Literatures Survey on Thermal Power Plant Wastes-Based Ceramics 20
1.13 Conclusions 24
Acknowledgements 25
References 25
2 Ceramic Production Methods and Basic Characterization Techniques 35
2.1 Introduction 35
2.2 Characterization Techniques 41
2.2.1 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Technique 41
2.2.2 Fourier Transformation Infra-Red (FTIR) Spectroscopy 42
2.2.3 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 42
2.2.4 Electrical Characterizations 43
2.2.4.1 Electrical Resistivity Measurement by Two Probe (at Room Temperature) 43
2.3 Conclusions 44
Acknowledgements 45
References 45
3 High Resistance Sintered Fly Ash (FA) Ceramics 51
3.1 Introduction 52
3.2 Experimental Details 53
3.2.1 Materials and Chemicals 53
3.2.2 Materials Preparation 54
3.2.3 Physical Characterizations 55
3.2.4 Results and Discussion 56
3.3 Conclusions 61
Acknowledgements 61
References 61
4 High Resistance Sintered Fly Ash/Kaolin (FA/CC) Ceramics 65
4.1 Introduction 66
4.2 Experimental Section 66
4.2.1 Materials and Method 66
4.3 Preparation of Test Samples 67
4.3.1 Preparation of Sintered FA/CC Composite 67
4.4 Characterization Techniques 68
4.5 Results and Discussion 69
4.6 Conclusions 75
Acknowledgements 75
References 75
5 High Resistance Pond Ash Geopolymer Ceramics 79
5.1 Introduction 80
5.2 Experimental Details 83
5.2.1 Materials and Chemicals 83
5.3 Test Methods 85
5.4 Results and Discussion 86
5.5 Conclusions 92
Acknowledgements 92
References 92
6 High Resistance Sintered Pond Ash Ceramics 97
6.1 Introduction 98
6.2 Experimental Details 99
6.2.1 Materials and Chemicals 99
6.2.2 Materials Preparation 99
6.2.3 Test Methods 101
6.2.4 Results and Discussion 102
6.3 Conclusions 108
Acknowledgements 109
References 109
7 High Resistance Sintered Pond Ash/Kaolin (PA/CC) Ceramics 115
7.1 Introduction 115
7.2 Experimental Details 118
7.2.1 Materials and Chemicals 118
7.2.2 PA/Kaolin Composite Preparation 118
7.2.3 Test Methods 121
7.3 Results and Discussion 122
7.4 Conclusions 130
Acknowledgements 131
References 131
8 High Resistance Sintered Pond Ash/Pyrophyllite (PA/PY) Ceramics 137
8.1 Introduction 137
8.2 Experimental Section 140
8.2.1 Materials and Chemicals 140
8.3 Preparation of PA/PY Composite Materials 140
8.4 Test Methods 143
8.5 Results and Discussion 144
8.6 Conclusions 152
Acknowledgements 152
References 153
9 High Resistance Sintered Pond Ash/k-Feldspar (PA/k-FD) Ceramics 159
9.1 Introduction 160
9.2 Experimental Details 162
9.2.1 Materials and Chemicals 162
9.3 Preparation of PA/FD Sintered Materials 162
9.4 Test Methods 165
9.5 Results and Discussion 166
9.6 Conclusions 174
Acknowledgements 175
References 175
10 Applications, Challenges and Opportunities of Industrial Waste Resources Ceramics 181
10.1 Introduction 182
10.2 Different Ways of Utilization of Waste 183
10.2.1 Porous Insulation Refractory 183
10.2.2 Dense Refractory 183
10.2.3 Ceramic Tiles 184
10.3 Glass 187
10.4 Glass-Ceramic (GC) 188
10.5 Mullite 188
10.6 Wollastonite 188
10.7 Cordierite 189
10.8 Silicon Carbide 189
10.9 Silicon Nitride 190
10.10 Ceramic Membranes 190
10.11 Challenges 190
10.12 Opportunity 191
10.13 Conclusions 191
Acknowledgments 192
References 193
Index 199
