Table of Contents
Preface ix
Chapter 1. Consideration of Seasonal Temperature Changes in the French Pavement Design Method 1
Rahma KTARI, Ferhat HAMMOUM, Pierre HORNYCH, Denis ST-LAURENT, Paul MARSAC, Mai Lan NGUYEN and Jean-Michel PIAU
1.1. Introduction 2
1.2. The experimental road structures 6
1.2.1. The A63 highway (Bordeaux, France) 9
1.2.2. The A75 highway (Saint-Chély-d'Apcher, France) 11
1.2.3. Laval University Experimental Road Site (SERUL) (Montmorency forest, Canada) 14
1.3. The French pavement design method 18
1.3.1. Structural calculation: design criteria 18
1.3.2. Principle for calculating the equivalent temperature of bituminous materials 22
1.4. Incremental method for calculating the equivalent temperature using the “Alize-LCPC Recherche” software 25
1.5. Results and discussion 35
1.5.1. A63 Highway: effects of the time intervals, the law of thermal susceptibility ε6(θ), and the calculation year on equivalent temperature 35
1.5.2. A75 Highway: effects of the type of structure, the type of climate, the width of vertical discretization of measured temperatures, and the calculation year (2004 - 2012) on equivalent temperature 38
1.5.3. SERUL: effects of the daily distribution of traffic and thermal susceptibility ε6(θ) on equivalent temperature 41
1.5.4. Consequences for the design of bituminous pavements 47
1.6. Conclusion 50
1.7. Acknowledgments 52
1.8. References 52
Chapter 2. Study of the Behavior of Offshore Wind Turbine Monopiles under Monotonic and Cyclic Lateral Loading 57
Sanae AHAYAN, Panagiotis KOTRONIS, Zhen-Yu YIN, Benjamin CERFONTAINE and Frédéric COLLIN
2.1. Introduction 58
2.2. Behavior of natural clays 62
2.2.1. Cyclic constitutive law 62
2.2.2. Calibration of the constitutive law 65
2.3. Pile under lateral loading 67
2.3.1. Two-dimensional modeling 67
2.3.2. Monotonic loading 71
2.3.3. Cyclic loading 76
2.4. Conclusion 80
2.5. References 81
Chapter 3. Carbonation of Concrete in a Climate Change Context 85
Mounia FARAH, Frédéric GRONDIN, Menghuan GUO, Ahmed LOUKILI and Emmanuel ROZIÈRE
3.1. Introduction 86
3.2. The climate in 200 years according to the IPCC 87
3.3. How to analyze the risks related to excessive CO2 93
3.3.1. The actions of CO2 in concrete 93
3.3.2. Examples of testing on common concretes 96
3.4. Influence of concrete mixture on carbonation 99
3.4.1. Analysis of ordinary concrete 99
3.4.2. The effect of recycled aggregates on the carbonation of concrete 100
3.5. Conclusion 101
3.6. References 102
Chapter 4. A Method for Estimating Suffusion Susceptibility of a Compacted Dam Core from Construction Data 105
Lingran ZHANG, Rachel GELET, Didier MAROT, Marc SMITH and Jean-Marie KONRAD
4.1. Introduction 106
4.2. Description of the method 109
4.2.1. Estimation of the suffusion susceptibility 109
4.2.2. Estimation of the hydraulic conductivity 113
4.2.3. Estimation of the suffusion potential at the scale of a structure 115
4.3. Application to an existing structure 117
4.3.1. Description of the dam 117
4.3.2. Estimate of the suffusion resistance index Iα 121
4.3.3. Estimating hydraulic conductivity 129
4.3.4. Estimation of the relative suffusion potential 135
4.4. Conclusion 139
4.5. Acknowledgments 141
4.6. References 141
List of Authors 147
Index 151
