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Manual of Equine Anesthesia and Analgesia. Edition No. 2

  • Book

  • 720 Pages
  • February 2022
  • John Wiley and Sons Ltd
  • ID: 5836892

A fully updated new edition of this practical guide to managing anesthesia in horses and other equids, providing updated and expanded information in a concise, easy-to-read format 

Manual of Equine Anesthesia and Analgesia provides practitioners and veterinary students with concise, highly practical guidance to anesthetizing horses, donkeys, and mules. Using a bulleted quick-reference format, this popular resource covers the basic physiological and pharmacological principles of anesthesia, patient preparation and monitoring, and the management of sedation and anesthesia. Chapters written by leading veterinary anesthesiologists contain numerous clinical images and illustrations, case examples, tables, diagrams, and boxed summaries of important points. 

Now in full color, the second edition features extensively revised and updated information throughout. New sections cover chronic pain, management of horses undergoing MRI, ventilators, nerve blocks for reproductive surgery, muscle relaxants, various new drugs, paravertebral anesthesia, treatment of pain using acupuncture and physical rehabilitation techniques, and more. Up-to-date appendices contain drug lists and dosages as well as equations related to equine cardiovascular and respiratory systems. This concise, easy-to-follow guide: 

  • Provides practical, clinically oriented information on anesthetizing equids  
  • Uses a bulleted format designed for fast access of key information 
  • Offers step-by-step instructions and diagrams of nerve blocks of the limbs, head, and ophthalmic structures  
  • Includes new coverage of topics including regulation of extracellular fluid and blood pressure, acid-base disorders, and hemodynamic effects of autonomic drugs 

Manual of Equine Anesthesia and Analgesia, Second Edition, remains a must-have resource for all equine practitioners and veterinary students involved with anesthetizing horses. 

Table of Contents

List of Contributors xi

Preface xv

Acknowledgments xvi

1 Preoperative Evaluation and Patient Preparation 1

The Risk of Equine Anesthesia 1
Tanya Duke-Novakovski

Patient Preparation 5
Tanya Duke-Novakovski

2 Serum Chemistry and Hematology 8
Carla Sommardahl

3 The Cardiovascular System 19

Physiology of the Cardiovascular System 19
Tamara Grubb

Evaluation of the Cardiovascular System 36
Daniel G. Kenney

4 The Respiratory System 50

Anatomy of the Equine Respiratory System 50
Robert Reed

Physiology of the Respiratory System 55
Carolyn Kerr

Evaluation of the Respiratory System 67
Tom Doherty

Airway Management 68
Tom Doherty

Tracheostomy 78
Tanner Snowden and Jim Schumacher

5 The Renal System 86
Natalie S. Chow

6 Neurophysiology and Neuroanesthesia 98
Tanya Duke-Novakovski

7 The Autonomic Nervous System 110
Christine Egger

8 Electrolyte and Fluid Therapy 119

Electrolytes 119
Rachel A. Reed

Fluid Therapy 125
Christopher K. Smith

9 Acid-Base Physiology 137

Traditional Approach 137
Alex Valverde and Tom Doherty

Physicochemical Approach 147
Diego E. Gomez and Alex Valverde

10 Hemostasis and Hemotherapy 155

Hemostasis 155
Kira L. Epstein

Hemotherapy 162
Kira L. Epstein

11 Thermoregulation 173
Chiara E. Hampton

12 Pharmacology of Drugs Used in Equine Anesthesia 184

Phenothiazines 184
Alicia Skelding

Butyrophenones 186
Alicia Skelding

α2-Adrenergic Agonists 188
Alicia Skelding

Opioids 196
Alicia Skelding

Trazadone 205
Alicia Skelding

Benzodiazepines 206
Alicia Skelding

Guaifenesin 209
Alicia Skelding

Ketamine 210
Alicia Skelding

Tiletamine and Zolazepam (TZ) 213
Alicia Skelding

Alfaxalone 214
Alicia Skelding

Propofol 216
Alicia Skelding

Barbiturates 218
Alicia Skelding

Intravenous lidocaine 219
Patricia Queiroz-Williams

Horse-related drug Regulations in Europe 222
Regula Bettschart-Wolfensberger and Simone K. Ringer

13 Inhalational Anesthetics 223
Rachel A. Reed

14 Local Anesthetics 232
Catherine M. Creighton and Leigh Lamont

15 Neuromuscular Blocking Agents in Horses 244
Manuel Martin-Flores and Daniel M. Sakai

16 Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Corticosteroids 250

Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs 250
Stephanie Kleine

Corticosteroids 259
Stephanie Kleine

17 Anesthetic Machines and Equipment 266
Rachel A. Reed

18 Positioning the Anesthetized Horse 287
Hui Chu Lin

19 Monitoring the Anesthetized Horse 294

Monitoring the Central Nervous System 294
Joanna C. Murrell

Cardiovascular Monitoring 300
Alanna N. Johnson

Respiratory Monitoring 310
Alanna N. Johnson

Anesthetic Agent Monitoring 323
Alanna N. Johnson

Monitoring Temperature 324
Chiara E. Hampton

Monitoring Neuromuscular Function 328
Manuel Martin-Flores and Daniel M. Sakai

20 Standing Sedation 333
Catherine M. Creighton

21 General Anesthesia Techniques 339
Regula Bettschart-Wolfensberger and Simone K. Ringer

22 Anesthesia of the Head and Neck 352

Anesthesia of the Head 352
Jim Schumacher, John Schumacher, and Ray Wilhite

Maxillary Nerve Block in Donkeys 358
Usama Hagag

Cervical Plexus Block 363
Luis Campoy

23 Anesthesia of the Eye 369
Daniel S. Ward

24 Anesthesia of the Limbs 376
Jim Schumacher, John Schumacher, and Ray Wilhite

25 Anesthesia of the Perineum and Testicle 396

Pudendal Nerve Block - Electrostimulation Technique 396
Kirsty Gallacher and Luiz Santos

Pudendal Nerve Block - Blind Approach 399
Jim Schumacher

Local Anesthesia for Castration 400
Philip D. Jones

26 Anesthesia of the Abdominal Wall 404

Thoracolumbar Paravertebral Block (TPVB) - Electrostimulation Technique 404
Luiz Santos and Kirsty Gallacher

Paravertebral Nerve Block - Blind Technique 406
Alex Valverde

Transversus Abdominis Plane Block 409
Alex Valverde and Flavio SA. Freitag

Caudal Intercostal Block for Abdominal Surgery (CIBAS) 413
Benjamin Gingold

27 Epidural Analgesia and Anesthesia 416
Alex Valverde

28 Pathophysiology of Pain 425
Rachel A. Reed

29 Pain Recognition in Horses 431
Karina B. Gleerup, Casper Lindegaard, and Pia Haubro Andersen

30 Management of Pain 450

The Pharmacologic Approach to Pain Management 450
Rachel A. Reed

Rehabilitation Modalities for Acute and Chronic Pain in Horses 456
Tena L. Ursini

Equine Acupuncture 462
Neal Valk

31 Anesthesia of Foals 472
Tom Doherty and Alex Valverde

32 Anesthesia of Horses with Intestinal Emergencies (Colic) 494
Tom Doherty

33 Anesthesia of the Geriatric Horse 501
Reza M. Seddighi

34 Anesthesia and Pregnancy 511
Lydia Donaldson

35 Anesthesia for Equine Imaging 522
Carrie A. Davis

36 Anesthesia of Donkeys and Mules 543

Anatomic, Physiologic, and Behavioral Differences 543
Suzanne L. Burnham

Sedation and Anesthesia of Donkeys and Mules 548
Tom Doherty

Donkey Pain Assessment Scales 552
Machteld van Dierendonck and Thijs van Loon

37 Remote Capture of Equids 565
Nigel Caulkett

38 Complications 573

Intraoperative Hypotension 573
Christopher K. Smith and Tom Doherty

Intraoperative Hypertension 580
Tom Doherty

Hypoxia and Hypoxemia 582
Rachel A. Reed

Hypercarbia 588
Tom Doherty

Pulmonary Edema as a Consequence of Airway Obstruction 590
Tom Doherty

Endotoxemia 592
Tom Doherty

Postanesthetic Myopathy 594
Krista B. Mitchell

Neuropathy 599
Rachel A. Reed

Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis (HYPP) 604
Alanna N. Johnson and Rachel A. Reed

Malignant Hyperthermia 609
Alanna N. Johnson and Rachel A. Reed

Delayed Awakening and Recovery 611
Tom Doherty

Paraphimosis and Priaprism 614
Meggan Graves and Jim Schumacher

Anaphylactic and Anaphylactoid Reactions 621
Rachel A. Reed

Intra-carotid and Perivascular Injections 624
Rachel A. Reed

Equine Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 627
Genevieve Bussieres

39 Recovery from Anesthesia 633
Bernd Driessen

40 Euthanasia 653
Ron Jones and Tom Doherty

Index 661

Authors

Tom Doherty University of Tennessee. Alexander Valverde University of Florida. Rachel A. Reed