In Plastics and the Ocean, renowned researcher Anthony L. Andrady delivers a comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of the sources, characterization, and environmental impacts of plastics in the ocean. The book focuses on macroplastics as well as micro-scale and nanoscale plastics and the human impacts of these that reach consumers via seafood. It also addresses the human behavioral aspects of the problem via discussions of the mismanagement of urban litter.
A diverse collection of expert perspectives is arranged logically and guides the reader through this fast-evolving multi-disciplinary subject area. Beginning with an overview of the field, the book goes on to explore the importance of this area of research to related disciplines and to the everyday lives of consumers.
This text offers engineers and scientists an up-to-date review of the subject and the state of the art as summarized by key researchers in the field. The book includes: - A synthesis of leading voices in oceanography, biogeochemistry, industrial chemistry, ecotoxicology, polymer science, and behavioral science - Discussions of the impacts of a range of marine plastics, including large debris, microplastics, and nanoplastics - A summary of the abundance and impacts of plastics in various niches in the marine environment - Descriptions of the current methodologies for sampling, detection, processing, and identification of plastic waste
Plastics and the Ocean is an indispensable resource for professionals, researchers, instructors, and graduate students in polymer science, marine biology, and environmental engineering. It’s also a must-read text for chemical engineers, materials scientists, and environmental engineers seeking a one-stop resource that describes the origins, occurrence, composition, environmental fate, and biological impacts of plastic pollutants in an ocean environment.
Table of Contents
List of Contributors ix
Preface xiii
Foreword xvii
Charles James Moore
1 Plastics in the Anthropocene 1
Anthony L. Andrady
2 Plastic Additives in the Ocean 43
Jennifer M. Lynch, Katrina Knauer, and Katherine R. Shaw
3 Deconstructing the Plastic Soup: Methods to Identify and Quantify Marine Plastic Pollution Sources77
Anna Schwarz and Tim van Emmerik
4 Collection and Characterization of Microplastics Debris in Marine Ecosystems 99
Jun- Li Xu, Ming Zhao, Brijesh Kumar Tiwari, and Aoife A. Gowen
5 Estimating Microplastics in Deep Water 131
Winnie Courtene- Jones, Kai liu, and Daoji li
6 Marine Litter, Plastic, and Microplastics on the Seafloor 151
Francois Galgani, Angiolillo Michela, Olivia Gérigny, Thomas Maes, Eric Tambutté, and Peter T. Harris
7 Plastics in Freshwater Bodies 199
L. Lebreton, M. Kooi, T. Mani, S. M. Mintenig, M. B. Tekman, Tim van Emmerik, and H. Wolter
8 Degradation and Fragmentation of Microplastics 227
Anthony L. Andrady and Bimali Koongolla
9 Pollutants Sorbed Onto Microplastics 269
Jianlong Wang and Xuan Guo
10 Colonization of Plastic Marine Debris: The Known, the Unknown, and the Unknowable 301
Linda A. Amaral- Zettler
11 Marine Biodegradation of Common Plastics 317
Anthony L. Andrady
12 Ingestion of Microplastics by Marine Animals 349
Winnie Courtene- Jones, Nathaniel J. Clark, Astrid C. Fischer, Natalie S. Smith, and Richard C. Thompson
13 Microplastics in Fish and Seafood Species 367
Amy L. Lusher and Garth A. Covernton
14 Nanoplastics and the Marine Environment: The Unseen Majority? 389
Lia N. Corbett and Linda A. Amaral- Zettler
15 Human Behavior and Marine Plastic Pollution 429
S. Nuojua, D. Cracknell, and S. Pahl
16 Legal and Policy Frameworks for Preventing and Reducing Marine Plastic Pollution 455
Karen Raubenheimer
Index 475
