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Plant Ionomics. Sensing, Signaling and Regulation. Edition No. 1

  • Book

  • 272 Pages
  • March 2023
  • John Wiley and Sons Ltd
  • ID: 5837070
Plant Ionomics

A thoroughly up-to-date exploration of nutrient uptake in plants

In Plant Ionomics: Sensing, Signaling and Regulation, accomplished botanists and researchers Dr. Vijay Singh and Dr. Manzer Siddiqui deliver an up-to-date discussion on the sensing, signaling, and regulation of nutrient uptake in plants under a variety of conditions. The book offers an accessible and easy-to-use reference for researchers with an interest in plant ionomics, combining the latest research from leading laboratories around the globe.

The authors provide coverage of a variety of critical topics, including plant and soil nutrient stoichiometry, nutrient management and stress tolerance in crops, and the relationship between agricultural production and nutrient applications. Readers will also find: - A thorough introduction to nutrient regulation and abiotic stress tolerance in plants - In-depth discussions of nutrient uptake and transport in plants and the role of nutrients in ROS metabolism - Practical explorations of nutrient and sugar signaling and associated gene networks in plants - Extensive treatments of the role of nutrients in plant-microbe interactions and nutrient-use efficiency in plants

Perfect for students, researchers, academics, and scientists with an interest in plant nutrition, Plant Ionomics: Sensing, Signaling and Regulation will also earn a place in the libraries of professionals in the agriculture and pharmaceutical industries.

Table of Contents

List of Contributors xii

Preface xvi

1 Regulation of Metabolites by Nutrients in Plants 1
Akash Tariq, Fanjiang Zeng, Corina Graciano, Abd Ullah, Sehrish Sadia, Zeeshan Ahmed, Ghulam Murtaza, Khasan Ismoilov, and Zhihao Zhang

Introduction 1

Nitrogen (N) 2

Phosphorus (P) 3

Potassium (K) 5

Sulfur (S) 7

Magnesium (Mg) 7

Calcium (Ca) 8

Boron (B) 9

Chlorine (Cl) 10

Copper (Cu) 11

Iron (Fe) 11

References 12

2 Agricultural Production Relation with Nutrient Applications 19
Sehrish Sadia, Muhammad Zubair, Akash Tariq, Fanjiang Zeng, Corina Graciano, Abd Ullah, Zeeshan Ahmed, Zhihao Zhang, and Khasan Ismoilov

Introduction 19

Soil as a Basic Element in Agriculture 21

Constituents and Ingredients of Soil 21

Essential Nutrients in Agriculture Especially in Plants 23

Beneficial/Valuable Nutrients 24

Some Other Valuable Nutrients 24

Plant Nutrient Sources 24

Plant Nutrients Supply and Nature 24

Compost 25

Biosolids 25

Manure of Livestock 25

Crop Residues 25

Atmospheric Deposition 26

Synthetic Fertilizers 26

Issues Related to Plant Nutrition 26

Fertilizers and Fertilization Strategies 27

References 28

3 Role of Nutrients in the ROS Metabolism in Plants 30
Muhammad Arslan Ashraf, Rizwan Rasheed, Mudassir Iqbal Shad, Iqbal Hussain, and Muhammad Iqbal

Introduction 30

Oxidative Defense System 31

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) 33

ROS Generation and Functions in Plants 34

RNS and ROS Signaling in Plants in Response to Environmental Stresses 35

Antioxidant Compounds 36

Antioxidant-Mediated RNS/ROS Regulation 37

Role of Nutrients in ROS Metabolism Under Salinity 39

Role of Nutrients in ROS Metabolism Under Drought 40

Role of Nutrients in ROS Metabolism Under Heavy Metal Stress 42

Role of Nutrients in ROS Metabolism Under Low- and High-Temperature Stress 43

References 45

4 Polyamines Metabolism and their Regulatory Mechanism in Plant Development and in Abiotic Stress Tolerance 54
Savita Bhardwaj, Tunisha Verma, Monika Thakur, Rajeev Kumar, and Dhriti Kapoor

Introduction 54

Distribution, Biosynthesis, and Catabolism of Polyamines 55

Distribution 55

Polyamine Biosynthesis 55

Catabolism 57

Role of Polyamines in Plant Development 57

Polyamines as Biochemical Markers for Abiotic Stress Tolerance 59

Drought Stress 59

Salinity Stress 60

Heavy Metal Stress 61

Temperature Stress 62

Crosstalk of Polyamines with Other Signaling Molecules 63

Nitric Oxide 63

Plant Growth Regulators 64

Conclusion 65

References 65

5 Mycorrhizal Symbiosis and Nutrients Uptake in Plants 73
Kashif Tanwir, Saghir Abbas, Muhammad Shahid, Hassan Javed Chaudhary, and Muhammad Tariq Javed

Introduction 73

Mycorrhizal Association and Its Types 74

Endomycorrhiza 74

Ectomycorrhiza (ECM) 75

Establishment of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza in Soil 76

Growth of Asymbiotic Hyphae 76

Presymbiotic Stage 77

Different Symbiotic Stages of Fungal Mycelium Growth 77

Root Modifications for Accumulation of Nutrients 79

Nitrogen Uptake Mechanisms of Mycorrhizal Symbionts 80

Phosphorus Accumulation Mechanisms of Mycorrhizal Fungus 81

Potassium (K) and Sodium (Na) Uptake Mechanisms of Mycorrhizal Fungi 83

Metabolism of Sulfur in Mycorrhizal Symbiosis 83

Role of Mycorrhizal Lipid Metabolism in Nutrients Accumulation 84

Mechanism of Micronutrients and Heavy Metal Uptake in Mycorrhizae 85

Carbons-Based Triggering of Nutrients Accumulation in Mycorrhizal Symbiosis 86

Conclusion 87

References 87

6 Nutrient Availability Regulates Root System Behavior 96
Salar Farhangi-Abriz and Kazem Ghassemi-Golezani

Introduction 96

Nutrients Importance in Root Growth and Development 98

Morpho-Physiological Responses of Plant Roots to Nutrients Availability 99

Macronutrients 99

Nitrogen 99

Phosphorus 101

Potassium 103

Calcium 104

Magnesium 105

Sulfur 105

Micronutrients 106

Zinc 106

Boron 108

Copper 108

Iron 109

Nano Nutrients and Root System Modifications 110

Management Strategies for Maximizing Root Systems 110

Soil Management 110

Plant Management 111

Conclusions and Future Perspectives 111

References 112

7 Potassium Transport Systems at the Plasma Membrane of Plant Cells. Tools for Improving Potassium Use Efficiency of Crops 120
Jesús Amo, Almudena Martínez-Martínez, Vicente Martínez, Manuel Nieves-Cordones, and Francisco Rubio

Potassium (K+) as a Macronutrient for Plants 120

Functions of K+ and Its Concentration in Plant Cells 120

Concentrations of K+ in Soil, K+-Deficient Soils, and Presence of Environmental Conditions that Affect K+ Nutrition 121

K+ Transport Systems 122

HAK/KT/KUP Transporters 123

Voltage-Gated K+ Channels 124

HKT Transporters 125

Cyclic Nucleotide Gated Channels 126

Key Points for K+ Homeostasis and Transport Systems Involved 127

General Mechanisms of Regulation 129

Transcriptional Regulation 129

PostTranslational Regulation 131

Multimerization and Regulatory Subunits 131

Regulation by Phosphorylation 131

Agriculture for the Future: K+ Use Efficiency and Stress Tolerance 132

K+ Use Efficiency 132

Abiotic Stress Affecting K+ Homeostasis 133

Salinity 133

Drought 134

Waterlogging 134

Toxic Ions 135

Biotic Stress Affecting K+ Homeostasis 136

Biotechnological Approaches and Emerging Techniques for Crop Improvement 136

Models Versus Crops and Translational Research 136

Natural Variation Exploitation 137

New Alleles Generated in the Lab 138

Genome Editing 138

References 139

8 Role of Nutrients in Modifications of Fruit Quality and Antioxidant Activity 148
Tomo Milošević and Nebojša Milošević

Introduction 148

Short Overview About Fruit Quality 149

Main Role of Mineral Elements on Trees Growth, Development, and Fruit Quality 150

The Ionomic Analysis of Fruit Crops 152

Requirements of Fruit Trees to Chemical Elements 153

The Role of Elements in the Metabolism of Fruit Trees and in Improving Quality 155

Macroelements 155

Nitrogen (N) 155

Phosphorus (P) 156

Potassium (K) 156

Calcium (Ca) 157

Magnesium (Mg) 157

Sulfur (S) 158

Microelements 158

Iron (Fe) 158

Manganese (Mn) 159

Copper (Cu) 159

Zinc (Zn) 159

Boron (B) 159

Other Essential Microelements 160

Conclusion and Future Prospects 161

References 162

9 Nutrients Use Efficiency in Plants 171
Neda Dalir

Introduction 171

Nutrient Use Efficiency (Concepts and Importance) 172

Role of Nutrient-Efficient Plants for Improving Crop Yields 172

Physiological Mechanisms in Plant Nutrient Use Efficiency 173

Uptake Efficiency 173

Acquisition of Available Nutrients 173

Increasing Nutrient Availability 174

Utilization Efficiency 175

Conclusion and Future Prospects 175

References 176

10 Nutrients Uptake and Transport in Plants: An Overview 180
Neda Dalir

Introduction 180

Routes from the Soil to the Stele 181

Apoplastic Pathway 181

Symplastic Pathway 183

Movement of Solutes Across Membranes 183

Passive Transport 184

Simple Diffusion 184

Facilitated Diffusion 184

Osmosis 185

Active Transport 185

Primary Active Transport 185

Secondary Active Transport 185

Radial Transport of Mineral Ions 186

Long Transport of Mineral Ions 186

Conclusion and Future Prospects 187

References 187

11 Regulation of Phytohormonal Signaling by Nutrients in Plant 191
Harshita Joshi, Nikita Bisht, and Puneet Singh Chauhan

Introduction 191

Phytohormones: Structure, Sites of Biosynthesis, and its Effects 192

Interaction between Nutrient Availability and Phytohormone Signaling 195

Nutrients in Cytokinin (CK) Signaling 197

Nutrients in Ethylene (ETH) Signaling 198

Nutrients in Auxin Signaling 199

Nutrients in Gibberellic Acid (GA) and Abscisic Acid (ABA) Signaling 201

Nutrient Availability and Signaling of other Phytohormones 201

Jasmonic Acid (JA) 202

Brassinosteroids (BR) 202

Salicylic Acid (SA) 202

Polyamines and Strigolactones 203

Transcriptional Interrelation between Nutrient Deprivation and Phytohormones 203

Conclusions and Prospects 204

Acknowledgments 204

References 204

12 Nutrients Regulation and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants 209
Nikita Bisht, Harshita Joshi, and Puneet Singh Chauhan

Introduction 209

How Abiotic Stresses Affect Plants 210

Plant’s Response to Abiotic Stress 211

Mineral Nutrients in the Alleviation of Abiotic Stress in Plants 213

Macronutrients 213

Micronutrients 215

Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), Mineral Nutrients, and Abiotic Stress 216

Conclusion 217

Acknowledgments 217

References 219

13 Nutrient Management and Stress Tolerance in Crops 224
Saghir Abbas, Kashif Tanwir, Amna, Muhammad Tariq Javed, and Muhammad Sohail Akram

Introduction 224

Implications of Abiotic Stress in Plants 226

Salinity Stress 226

Drought 227

Toxic Metals 228

Other Stresses 228

Role of Nutrients in Stress Tolerance 229

Nitrogen 229

Nitrogen Role in Stress Tolerance 230

Potassium 230

Role of Potassium in Stress Tolerance 231

Phosphorus 232

Role of Phosphorus in Stress Tolerance 232

Calcium 233

Role of Calcium Under Stress 233

Sulfur 234

Role of Sulfur in Stress Tolerance 234

Magnesium 234

Role of Mg in Stress Tolerance 235

Boron 235

Role of Boron Under Stress 236

Iron 236

Role of Iron in Stress 236

Zinc 237

Role of Zn Under Stress 237

Copper 238

Role of Copper in Stress Tolerance 238

Manganese 238

Role of Mn in Stress Tolerance 239

Molybdenum 239

Molybdenum Role Under Stress 239

Conclusion 240

References 241

Index 253

Authors

Vijay Pratap Singh University of Allahabad, India. Manzer H. Siddiqui College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.