Balanis' Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics
The latest edition of the foundational guide to advanced electromagnetics
Balanis' third edition of Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics - a global best-seller for over 30 years - covers the advanced knowledge engineers involved in electromagnetics need to know, particularly as the topic relates to the fast-moving, continuously evolving, and rapidly expanding field of wireless communications. The immense interest in wireless communications and the expected increase in wireless communications systems projects (antennas, microwaves and wireless communications) points to an increase in the number of engineers needed to specialize in this field.
Highlights of the 3rd Edition include:
- A new chapter, on Artificial Impedance Surfaces (AIS), contains material on current and advanced EM technologies, including the exciting and fascinating topic of metasurfaces for:
- Control and broadband RCS reduction using checkerboard designs.
- Optimization of antenna fundamental parameters, such as: input impedance, directivity, realized gain, amplitude radiation pattern.
- Leaky-wave antennas using 1-D and 2-D polarization diverse-holographic high impedance metasurfaces for antenna radiation control and optimization.
- Associated MATLAB programs for the design of checkerboard metasurfaces for RCS reduction, and metasurface printed antennas and holographic L WA for radiation control and optimization.
- Throughout the book, there are:
- Additional examples, numerous end-of-chapter problems, and PPT notes.
- Fifty three MATLAB computer programs for computations, graphical visualizations and animations.
- Nearly 4,500 multicolor PowerPoint slides are available for self-study or lecture use.
Table of Contents
Preface xix
About the Companion Website xxiii
1 Time-Varying and Time-Harmonic Electromagnetic Fields 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Maxwell’s Equations 2
1.3 Constitutive Parameters and Relations 5
1.4 Circuit-Field Relations 7
1.5 Boundary Conditions 12
1.6 Power and Energy 18
1.7 Time-Harmonic Electromagnetic Fields 21
1.8 Multimedia 29
References 29
Problems 30
2 Electrical Properties of Matter 41
2.1 Introduction 41
2.2 Dielectrics, Polarization, and Permittivity 43
2.3 Magnetics, Magnetization, and Permeability 50
2.4 Current, Conductors, and Conductivity 57
2.5 Semiconductors 61
2.6 Superconductors 66
2.7 Metamaterials 68
2.8 Linear, Homogeneous, Isotropic, and Nondispersive Media 69
2.9 A.C. Variations in Materials 70
2.10 Multimedia 92
References 92
Problems 93
3 Wave Equation and Its Solutions 103
3.1 Introduction 103
3.2 Time-Varying Electromagnetic Fields 103
3.3 Time-Harmonic Electromagnetic Fields 105
3.4 Solution to the Wave Equation 106
3.5 Multimedia 125
References 125
Problems 125
4 Wave Propagation and Polarization 127
4.1 Introduction 127
4.2 Transverse Electromagnetic Modes 127
4.3 Transverse Electromagnetic Modes in Lossy Media 142
4.4 Polarization 151
4.5 Multimedia 171
References 171
Problems 172
5 Reflection and Transmission 179
5.1 Introduction 179
5.2 Normal Incidence - Lossless Media 179
5.3 Oblique Incidence - Lossless Media 183
5.4 Lossy Media 204
5.5 Reflection and Transmission of Multiple Interfaces 212
5.6 Polarization Characteristics on Reflection 228
5.7 Metamaterials 235
5.8 Multimedia 253
References 254
Problems 256
6 Auxiliary Vector Potentials, Construction of Solutions, and Radiation and Scattering Equations 271
6.1 Introduction 271
6.2 The Vector Potential A 272
6.3 The Vector Potential F 274
6.4 The Vector Potentials A and F 275
6.5 Construction of Solutions 277
6.6 Solution of the Inhomogeneous Vector Potential Wave Equation 291
6.7 Far-Field Radiation 295
6.8 Radiation and Scattering Equations 296
6.9 Multimedia 317
References 317
Problems 318
7 Electromagnetic Theorems and Principles 323
7.1 Introduction 323
7.2 Duality Theorem 323
7.3 Uniqueness Theorem 325
7.4 Image Theory 327
7.5 Reciprocity Theorem 335
7.6 Reaction Theorem 337
7.7 Volume Equivalence Theorem 338
7.8 Surface Equivalence Theorem: Huygens’ Principle 340
7.9 Induction Theorem (Induction Equivalent) 345
7.10 Physical Equivalent and Physical Optics Equivalent 349
7.11 Induction and Physical Equivalent Approximations 351
7.12 Multimedia 356
References 356
Problems 357
8 Rectangular Cross-Section Waveguides and Cavities 365
8.1 Introduction 365
8.2 Rectangular Waveguide 366
8.3 Rectangular Resonant Cavities 396
8.4 Hybrid (LSE and LSM) Modes 404
8.5 Partially Filled Waveguide 407
8.6 Transverse Resonance Method 419
8.7 Dielectric Waveguide 422
8.8 Stripline and Microstrip Lines 450
8.9 Ridged Waveguide 461
8.10 Multimedia 464
References 467
Problems 468
9 Circular Cross-Section Waveguides and Cavities 479
9.1 Introduction 479
9.2 Circular Waveguide 479
9.3 Circular Cavity 496
9.4 Radial Waveguides 505
9.5 Dielectric Waveguides and Resonators 512
9.6 Multimedia 537
References 537
Problems 539
10 Spherical Transmission Lines and Cavities 547
10.1 Introduction 547
10.2 Construction of Solutions 547
10.3 Biconical Transmission Line 555
10.4 The Spherical Cavity 559
10.5 Multimedia 567
References 567
Problems 567
11 Scattering 573
11.1 Introduction 573
11.2 Infinite Line-Source Cylindrical Wave Radiation 574
11.3 Plane Wave Scattering by Planar Surfaces 581
11.4 Cylindrical Wave Transformations and Theorems 597
11.5 Scattering by Circular Cylinders 605
11.6 Scattering By a Conducting Wedge 637
11.7 Spherical Wave Orthogonalities, Transformations, and Theorems 648
11.8 Scattering by a Sphere 653
11.9 Multimedia 663
References 664
Problems 666
12 Integral Equations and the Moment Method 677
12.1 Introduction 677
12.2 Integral Equation Method 678
12.3 Electric and Magnetic Field Integral Equations 701
12.4 Finite-Diameter Wires 721
12.5 Computer Codes 730
12.6 Multimedia 733
References 733
Problems 735
13 Geometrical Theory of Diffraction 739
13.1 Introduction 739
13.2 Geometrical Optics 740
13.3 Geometrical Theory of Diffraction: Edge Diffraction 759
13.4 Computer Codes 827
13.5 Multimedia 829
References 830
Problems 833
14 Diffraction by a Wedge with Impedance Surfaces 847
14.1 Introduction 847
14.2 Impedance Surface Boundary Conditions 849
14.3 Impedance Surface Reflection Coefficients 850
14.4 The Maliuzhinets Impedance Wedge Solution 852
14.5 Geometrical Optics 854
14.6 Surface Wave Terms 863
14.7 Diffracted Fields 865
14.8 Surface Wave Transition Field 873
14.9 Computations 875
14.10 Multimedia 877
References 878
Problems 881
15 Green’s Functions 883
15.1 Introduction 883
15.2 Green’s Functions in Engineering 884
15.3 Sturm-Liouville Problems 889
15.4 Two-Dimensional Green’s Function in Rectangular Coordinates 906
15.5 Green’s Identities and Methods 917
15.6 Green’s Functions of the Scalar Helmholtz Equation 923
15.7 Dyadic Green’s Functions 935
15.8 Multimedia 938
References 938
Problems 939
16 Artificial Impedance Surfaces 943
16.1 Introduction 943
16.2 Corrugations 945
16.3 Artificial Magnetic Conductors, Electromagnetic Bandgap, and Photonic Bandgap Surfaces 947
16.4 Design of Mushroom AMC 950
16.5 Surface-Wave Dispersion Characteristics 955
16.6 Limitations of The Design 959
16.7 Applications of AMCs 959
16.8 RCS Reduction Using Checkerboard Metasurfaces 960
16.9 Antenna Fundamental Parameters and Figures-of-Merit 980
16.10 Antenna Applications 982
16.11 High-Gain Printed Leaky-Wave Antennas Using Metasurfaces 997
16.12 Metasurface Leaky-Wave Antennas 999
16.13 Multimedia 1013
References 1014
Problems 1019
Appendix I Identities 1023
Appendix II Vector Analysis 1027
Appendix III Fresnel Integrals 1037
Appendix IV Bessel Functions 1043
Appendix V Legendre Polynomials and Functions 1057
Appendix VI the Method of Steepest Descent (saddle-point Method) 1073
Glossary 1079
Index 1085
