An updated guide to veterinary hematology with expanded coverage on a variety of topics
The revised seventh edition of Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology is updated to provide a comprehensive review of all topics related to disorders of the blood in animals. Designed as a gold-standard reference, this text covers a wide range of species in both confined and free-range populations, reflects the most recent trends in hematology diagnostics, and discusses recent advances in traditional techniques.
Edited and written by an international team of experts in the field, the book represents an accessible yet in-depth resource for information on veterinary hematology. The new edition includes a hemolymphatic tissue section that covers current understanding of basic science and the species-specific hematology section is further expanded from previous editions. New chapters address emerging topics in hematology, and existing chapters have been revised and rearranged to improve readability and simplify access to the material. This seventh edition: - Updates the most complete reference on veterinary hematology across species - Contains a new section on basic biology of hemolymphatic tissues - Expands coverage of species-specific hematology - Presents new and emerging topics in blood disorders and diagnostic techniques - Features a reorganized contents list for an integrated, easy to use reference
Written for veterinary clinical pathologists and residents, diagnostic laboratory staff, internists, and specialists, Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology is the most comprehensive and up-to-date reference on the topic.
Table of Contents
Dedication v
Contributors xv
Preface xxv
Acknowledgments xxvii
Section I Hemolymphatic Tissue 1
Chapter 1 Embryonic and Fetal Hematopoiesis 3
Kelli L. Boyd and Brad Bolon
Chapter 2 Stem Cell Biology 9
Dori L. Borjesson and Jed A. Overmann
Chapter 3 Structure of the Bone Marrow 18
Nicole I. Stacy and John W. Harvey
Chapter 4 The Hematopoietic System 27
Bruce D. Car and Davis M. Seelig
Chapter 5 Vasculogenesis and Endothelial Cell Production 37
Jong Hyuk Kim
Chapter 6 Cluster of Differentiation (CD) Antigens 41
Melinda J. Wilkerson and Nora L. Springer
Chapter 7 Major Histocompatibility Complex Antigens 48
Paul R. Hess
Chapter 8 Lymphocyte Biology and Functions 63
Ian Tizard
Chapter 9 Structure and Function of Primary and Secondary Lymphoid Tissue 74
Cleverson D. Souza, Meredeth Mcentire, V.E. Ted Valli, and Robert M. Jacobs
Section II Hematotoxicity 85
Chapter 10 Design and Methods of Nonclinical Hematotoxicity Studies 87
William J. Reagan and Armando R. Irizarry Rovira
Chapter 11 Interpretation of Hematologic Data in Nonclinical Studies 93
JEFFREY Mccartney
Chapter 12 Nonclinical Evaluation of Compound-Related Cytopenias 100
Laurie G. O’rourke
Chapter 13 Nonclinical Evaluation of Compound‐Related Alterations in Hemostasis 108
F. Poitout‐Belissent
Chapter 14 Preclinical Evaluation of Immunotoxicity 116
Kristin L. Henson
Chapter 15 Blood and Bone Marrow Toxicity Induced by Drugs, Heavy Metals, Chemicals , and Toxic Plants 122
Douglas J. Weiss
Chapter 16 Acute Myelotoxicity and Myelitis in Domestic and Laboratory Animals 133
Adam D. Aulbach and Douglas J. Weiss
Chapter 17 Chronic Inflammation and Secondary Myelofibrosis in Domestic and Laboratory Animals 138
Adam D. Aulbach and Douglas J. Weiss
Chapter 18 Infectious Injury to Bone Marrow 144
K. Jane Wardrop
Section III Erythrocytes 149
Chapter 19 Erythropoiesis 151
Christine Swardson Olver
Chapter 20 Erythrocyte Structure and Function 158
Christine Swardson Olver
Chapter 21 Erythrocyte Biochemistry 166
John W. Harvey
Chapter 22 Erythrokinetics and Erythrocyte Destruction 172
Andrea Pires Dos Santos, and John A. Christian
Chapter 23 Reticulocyte and Heinz Body Staining and Enumeration 181
Harold Tvedten and Andreas Moritz
Chapter 24 Erythrocyte Morphology 188
Anne M. Barger
Chapter 25 Classification and Laboratory Evaluation of Anemia 198
Harold Tvedten
Chapter 26 Erythrocytosis 209
John F. Randolph, Mark E. Peterson, and Erica Behling-Kelly
Chapter 27 Iron and Copper Deficiencies, and Disorders of Iron Metabolism 215
Lauren B. Radakovich and Christine Swardson Olver
Chapter 28 The Porphyrias - Disorders of Defective Heme Synthesis 221
Andrea A. Bohn
Chapter 29 Hereditary Erythroenzymopathies 229
Urs Giger
Chapter 30 Erythrocyte Membrane Defects 238
Mutsumi Inaba and Joanne B. Messick
Chapter 31 Congenital Dyserythropoiesis 248
Douglas J. Weiss
Chapter 32 Anemia Associated with Oxidative Injury 252
Erica Behling-Kelly and Ashleigh Newman
Chapter 33 Anemia Caused by Rickettsia, Mycoplasma, and Protozoa 260
Susan Fielder, Robin W. Allison, and James H. Meinkoth
Chapter 34 Anemia Associated with Bacterial and Viral Infections 273
George M. Barrington and Debra C. Sellon
Chapter 35 Immune-Mediated Anemia in the Dog 278
Jillian M. Haines, Andrew Mackin, and Michael J. Day
Chapter 36 Immune-Mediated Anemia in the Cat 292
Ashleigh Newman and Tracy Stokol
Chapter 37 Immune-Mediated Anemia in Ruminants and Horses 300
Jenifer R. Gold
Chapter 38 Precursor-Targeted Immune-Mediated Anemia and Pure Red Cell Aplasia in Dogs and Cats 307
Cynthia A. Lucidi
Chapter 39 Anemia of Inflammatory, Neoplastic, Renal, and Endocrine Diseases 313
Agata K. Grzelak and Michael M. Fry
Chapter 40 Aplastic Anemia 318
Jennifer L. Brazzell and Douglas J. Weiss
Section IV Leukocytes 323
Chapter 41 Granulopoiesis 325
M. Judith Radin and Maxey L. Wellman
Chapter 42 Neutrophil Structure and Biochemistry 333
Claire B. Andreasen
Chapter 43 Neutrophil Function and Response 339
Dana N. Levine and Claire B. Andreasen
Chapter 44 Neutrophil Function Disorders 347
Stefano Comazzi, Luca Aresu, and Douglas J. Weiss
Chapter 45 Clinical Evaluation of Neutrophil Function 354
Stefano Comazzi
Chapter 46 Eosinophils and Their Disorders 363
Karen M. Young and Elizabeth A. Layne
Chapter 47 Basophils, Mast Cells, and Their Disorders 373
Brandy C. Kastl and Lisa M. Pohlman
Chapter 48 Monocytes, Macrophages, and Dendritic Cell Production 381
Cleverson D. Souza and Douglas J. Weiss
Chapter 49 Monocytes and Macrophages and Their Disorders 386
Cleverson D. Souza and Meaghan V. Eren
Chapter 50 Lymphocyte Ontogeny and Lymphopoiesis 395
Amy L. Warren and Robin M. Yates
Chapter 51 Structure, Function, and Disorders of Lymphoid Tissue 402
Amy L. Warren and Robin M. Yates
Chapter 52 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 414
Luc Chabanne
Chapter 53 Feline Immunodeficiency Virus 424
Margaret J. Hosie and Hans Lutz
Chapter 54 T Cell, Immunoglobulin, and Complement Immunodeficiency Disorders 431
Peter J. Felsburg
Chapter 55 Severe Combined Immunodeficiencies 436
Steven E. Suter
Chapter 56 Lymphadenopathy Not Caused by Lymphoma 442
Harold Tvedten
Section V Hematologic Neoplasia 449
Chapter 57 Cell-Cycle Control in Hematopoietic Cells 451
Jaime F. Modiano and Catherine A. St. Hill
Chapter 58 Epidemiology of Hematopoietic Neoplasia 457
Michelle G. Ritt
Chapter 59 Genetics of Hematopoietic Neoplasia 463
Diana Giannuzzi, Jaime F. Modiano, and Matthew Breen
Chapter 60 Transforming Retroviruses 471
Mary Jo Burkhard
Chapter 61 Cytochemical Staining and Immunocytochemistry 478
Rose E. Raskin, Kelly Santangelo, and Klaudia Polak
Chapter 62 Determination of Clonality 500
Yuko Goto-Koshino and Hajime Tsujimoto
Chapter 63 Immunophenotyping 508
Austin K. Viall
Chapter 64 Flow Cytometry in Hematologic Neoplasia 515
Jaime L. Tarigo, Davis M. Seelig, and Anne C. Avery
Chapter 65 Classification and General Features of Lymphoma and Leukemia 528
Barbara C. Rutgen and Jennifer Bouschor
Chapter 66 Myeloproliferative Neoplasms 538
Eric J. Fish
Chapter 67 Myelodysplastic Syndromes 548
Douglas J. Weiss and Rance K. Sellon
Chapter 68 Acute Myeloid Leukemia 557
Tracy Stokol
Chapter 69 B‐Cell Tumors 570
Luca Aresu, Stefano Comazzi, Laura Marconato, and Francesco Bertoni
Chapter 70 Plasma Cell Tumors 588
Antonella Borgatti
Chapter 71 Hodgkin and Hodgkin‐Like Lymphoma 599
Daniel A. Heinrich and Erin N. Burton
Chapter 72 T‐Cell Tumors 605
Nariman Deravi, Stefan Keller, and Dorothee Bienzle
Chapter 73 Mast Cell Neoplasia 626
Melinda S. Camus
Chapter 74 Histiocytic Proliferative Diseases of Dogs and Cats 633
Peter F. Moore
Section VI Platelets 649
Chapter 75 Thrombopoiesis 651
Mary K. Boudreaux and Pete W. Christopherson
Chapter 76 Platelet Structure 658
Mary K. Boudreaux and Pete W. Christopherson
Chapter 77 Platelet Signal Transduction and Activation Response 667
Pete W. Christopherson and Mary K. Boudreaux
Chapter 78 Platelet Kinetics and Laboratory Evaluation of Thrombocytopenia 675
Adi Wasserkrug‐Naor
Chapter 79 Evaluation of Platelet Function 686
Pete W. Christopherson and Marjory B. Brooks
Chapter 80 Immune Thrombocytopenia 696
Dana N. Levine and Marjory B. Brooks
Chapter 81 Nonimmune‐Mediated Thrombocytopenia 709
Julie Allen
Chapter 82 Thrombocytosis and Essential Thrombocythemia 721
Julie Allen and Tracy Stokol
Chapter 83 von Willebrand Disease 731
Marjory B. Brooks and James L. Catalfamo
Chapter 84 Inherited Platelet Disorders 739
Mary K. Boudreaux and Pete W. Christopherson
Chapter 85 Acquired Platelet Dysfunction 747
Benjamin M. Brainard
Chapter 86 Treatment of Disorders of Platelet Number and Function 755
Mary Beth Callan
Section VII Hemostasis 763
Chapter 87 Overview of Hemostasis 765
Maureen A. Mcmichael
Chapter 88 Laboratory Testing of Coagulation Disorders 787
Marjory B. Brooks
Chapter 89 Acquired Coagulopathies 804
Marjory B. Brooks and Armelle De Laforcade
Chapter 90 Hereditary Coagulopathies 812
Marjory B. Brooks
Chapter 91 Thrombotic Disorders 821
Erica Behling‐Kelly and Robert Goggs
Chapter 92 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation 837
Tracy Stokol
Chapter 93 Vascular Diseases 848
Sean P. Mcdonough
Chapter 94 Treatment of Hemostatic Defects 855
Robert Goggs and Alex M. Lynch
Chapter 95 Avian Hemostasis 865
Karen E. Russell and J. Jill Heatley
Section VIII Transfusion Medicine 875
Chapter 96 Erythrocyte Antigens and Blood Groups 877
Marie‐Claude Blais and Maria Cecilia T. Penedo
Chapter 97 Granulocyte and Platelet Antigens 891
Jennifer S. Thomas
Chapter 98 Principles of Canine and Feline Blood Collection, Processing, and Storage 898
Anthony C. G. Abrams-Ogg and Shauna L. Blois
Chapter 99 Red Blood Cell Transfusion in the Dog and Cat 908
Mary Beth Callan
Chapter 100 Transfusion of Plasma Products 914
Marjory B. Brooks
Chapter 101 Platelet and Granulocyte Transfusion 921
Anthony C. G. Abrams‐Ogg, and Shauna L. Blois
Chapter 102 Blood Transfusion in Large Animals 927
Margaret C. Mudge
Chapter 103 Blood Transfusion in Exotic Species 933
Anneliese Strunk and Anke C. Stohr
Chapter 104 Transfusion Reactions 940
Nicole M. Weinstein
Chapter 105 Cellular Therapy 948
Steven E. Suter and Steven Dow
Chapter 106 Clinical Use of Hematopoietic Growth Factors 957
Steven E. Suter
Chapter 107 Clinical Blood Typing and Crossmatching 964
K. Jane Wardrop
Section IX Species-Specific Hematology 969
Chapter 108 Hematology of Dogs 971
Maggie R. Mccourt and Theresa E. Rizzi
Chapter 109 Hematology of Cats 983
Deanna M. W. Schaefer
Chapter 110 Hematology of Equids 993
Kathleen P. Freeman, Alison J. Farr, and Annalisa Barrelet
Chapter 111 Hematology of Bovids 1004
R. Darren Wood
Chapter 112 Hematology of Sheep and Goats 1012
Jason Stayt
Chapter 113 Hematology of Pigs 1019
Catherine E. Thorn, Andrew S. Bowman, and David Eckersall
Chapter 114 Hematology of Rodentia 1026
Amy L. Macneill
Chapter 115 Hematology of Mustelids 1034
Stacy Clothier and Cathy Johnson‐Delaney
Chapter 116 Hematology of Cavies 1043
Samantha J. M. Evans and Kurt L. Zimmerman
Chapter 117 Hematology of Lagomorphs 1050
Francisco O. Conrado
Chapter 118 Hematology of Laboratory Animals 1058
Karyn E. Enos and David M. Moore
Chapter 119 Hematology of Camelids 1073
Susan J. Tornquist
Chapter 120 Hematology of Cervids 1079
Bridget C. Garner
Chapter 121 Hematology of Paenungulata: Elephants, Sirenians, and Hyraxes 1090
Emma H. Hooijberg
Chapter 122 Hematology of Marine Mammals 1104
Nicole I. Stacy and Hendrik H. Nollens
Chapter and Hematology of Galliformes 1114
Julie Piccione and Jessica Hokamp
Chapter 124 Hematology of Psittacines 1127
Diana Schwartz and Hugues Beaufrère
Chapter 125 Hematology of Anseriformes 1140
Jessica Hokamp and Julie Piccione
Chapter 126 Hematology of Raptors 1148
Jennifer Johns
Chapter 127 Hematology of Ratites 1159
Phillip Clark
Chapter 128 Hematology of Elasmobranchs 1166
Jill E. Arnold and Alexa Delaune
Chapter 129 Hematology of Salmonids 1176
Jere Stern
Chapter 130 Hematology of Ictaluridae 1182
Patricia Gaunt
Chapter 131 Hematology of Cyprinidae 1188
Ilze K. Berzins and Alexander E. Primus
Chapter 132 Hematology of Lizards, Crocodilians, and Tuatara 1197
Charlotte Hollinger and Jean A. Paré
Chapter 133 Hematology of Serpentes 1209
Laura J. Black and Marjorie Bercier
Chapter 134 Hematology of Testudines 1219
Jennifer D. Steinberg and Stephen J. Divers
Chapter 135 Hematology of Amphibians 1228
PERRY BAIN and KENDAL E. HARR
Chapter 136 Hematology of Invertebrates 1233
Jill E. Arnold
Section X Quality Management and Laboratory Techniques 1241
Chapter 137 Quality Management of Hematology Techniques 1243
Martina Stirn and Kathleen P. Freeman
Chapter 138 Total Error and Proficiency Testing 1255
Sten Westgard and Kathleen P. Freeman
Chapter 139 Quantitative Diagnostic Test Validation 1263
Bente Flatland
Chapter 140 Reference Intervals and Decision Limits 1273
Kristen R. Friedrichs, Asger Lundorff Jensen, and Mads Kjelgaard‐Hansen
Chapter 141 Bone Marrow Evaluation 1285
Natali B. Bauer and Kendal E. Harr
Chapter 142 Flow Cytometry 1295
Unity Jeffery
Chapter 143 Testing for Immune‐Mediated Hematologic Disease 1311
K. Jane Wardrop, Melinda J. Wilkerson, and Cinzia Mastrorilli
Chapter 144 Electrophoresis and Acute‐Phase Proteins 1320
Alessia Giordano
Chapter 145 Molecular Diagnostic Techniques 1331
Robert J. Ossiboff
Chapter 146 Genetic Evaluation of Inherited Hematologic Diseases 1337
Noa Safra and Danika Bannasch
Section 10 Glossary 1351
Index 1353
