The revised Second Edition of Physical Evaluation and Treatment Planning in Dental Practice has been expanded to include information pertinent when considering comprehensive treatment planning for a wide variety of dental procedures. Written by internationally recognized specialists and discipline experts in their field, the Second Edition offers new chapters on dental and oral diseases and disorders, including insights and diagnostics for each category. Readers will learn about diagnosis and planning considerations for orofacial pain, caries, periodontics, oral surgery, endodontics, restorative, prosthodontics and esthetic dentistry, and more.
Beginning with a complete introduction of oral health and associated systemic health, the book incorporates discussions of patient history profiles, basic procedures in physical examinations, including examination of the head, neck, extraoral and intraoral tissues, radiographic examination and interpretation, as well as laboratory methods. Readers will also find:
- A thorough introduction to the orofacial clinical processes, including the essential phases in treatment, quality management, patient-doctor communication, documentation, and management of critical patient information.
- An exploration of basic procedures in physical examinations in dentistry, including inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation, olfaction, and evaluation of function, form, and detailed analysis.
- A thorough review of the head and neck complex.
- An analysis of the examination and diagnosis of the intraoral and extraoral features, including all hard and soft tissues of the orofacial complex.
Designed for general dental practitioners, periodontists, prosthodontists, dental residents and fellows, and dental students, Physical Evaluation and Treatment Planning in Dental Practice is a logically organized one-stop reference for patient evaluation and treatment.
Table of Contents
Preface to the Second Edition ix
Preface to the First Edition xi
List of Contributors xiii
About the Companion Website xv
1 Introduction to the Clinical Process 1
1.1 Essential Elements of the Clinical Process 1
1.2 Quality Management in the Clinical Process 2
1.3 Patient-Doctor Communication in the Clinical Process 3
1.4 Characteristics of the Patient-Doctor Relationship 6
1.5 Documentation of the Clinical Process 6
1.6 Designations and Abbreviations 10
1.7 Summary 18
Suggested Reading 18
2 The Historical Profile 19
2.1 Patient Identification 20
2.2 Chief Complaint (Problem) 20
2.3 Dental History 21
2.4 Medical History 21
2.5 Family History 22
2.6 Social History 22
2.7 Review of Organ Systems 23
2.8 Summary 35
Suggested Reading 36
3 Basic Procedures in Physical Examination 39
3.1 Inspection 39
3.2 Palpation 53
3.3 Percussion 53
3.4 Auscultation 54
3.5 Olfaction 54
3.6 Evaluation of Function 54
3.7 Summary 61
Suggested Reading 61
4 Examination of the Head and Neck 63
4.1 Examine the Head and Face 63
4.2 Examine the Ears and Temporomandibular Joints 98
4.3 Examine the Nose 99
4.4 Examine the Eyes 101
4.5 Examine the Hair 106
4.6 Examine the Neck 109
4.7 Examine the Lymph Nodes 113
4.8 Conclusion 116
Suggested Reading 117
5 Examination of the Oral Cavity 123
5.1 Examine the Vermilion of the Lips 123
5.2 Examine the Labial and Buccal Mucosa 131
5.3 Examine the Hard Palate 142
5.4 Examine the Soft Palate and Tonsillar Area 149
5.5 Examine the Tongue 152
5.6 Examine the Glossopharyngeal (IX) and Vagus (X) Nerves 157
5.7 Examine the Floor of the Mouth 158
5.8 Examine the Gingivae 161
5.9 Examine the Teeth 168
5.10 Summary 171
Suggested Reading 172
6 Radiographic Examination 177
6.1 Radiographic Examination of the New Patient 178
6.2 Radiographic Examination of the Recall Patient 179
6.3 Introduction to Radiographic Interpretation 180
6.4 Radiographic Manifestations of Common Conditions 181
6.5 Conclusion 201
Suggested Reading 201
7 Laboratory Methods 203
7.1 Hematology Screening 204
7.2 Evaluation of Hemostasis 205
7.3 Biochemical Tests 208
7.4 Tissue Studies 211
7.5 Summary 214
Suggested Reading 214
8 Diagnostic and Treatment Planning Considerations for Orofacial Pain 215
8.1 Subjective Information 216
8.2 Objective Findings 217
8.3 Plan: Treatment Options 221
8.4 Summary 224
Suggested Reading 224
9 Evidence-Based Treatment Planning in Restorative Dentistry 227
9.1 Historical Perspective 227
9.2 Etiology of Dental Caries 228
9.3 Caries Lesion Detection, Assessment and Diagnosis 230
9.4 Primary Caries Lesion Diagnosis and Risk Assessment 234
9.5 Developing a Minimally Invasive Evidence-Based Treatment Plan Predicated on Caries Risk 235
9.6 Diagnosis and Treatment of Root Caries Lesions 241
9.7 Clinical Detection and Diagnosis of Secondary or Recurrent Caries Lesions 242
9.8 Repair Versus Replacement of Direct Restorations 243
9.9 Summary 244
Suggested Reading 244
10 Periodontal and Peri-Implant Examination 249
10.1 Periodontal Evaluation 250
10.2 Establishing a Periodontal Diagnosis 256
10.3 Basic Principles of Periodontal Treatment Planning 262
10.4 Peri-Implant Examination and Diagnosis 264
10.5 Summary 264
References 265
11 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 269
11.1 Introduction 269
11.2 Medical History 270
11.3 Chief Complaint (CC) 270
11.4 History of Present Illness (HPI) 270
11.5 Past Medical History 271
11.6 Past Surgical History 271
11.7 Medications 271
11.8 Allergies 271
11.9 Social History 272
11.10 Last Meal 272
11.11 Review of Systems (ROS) 272
11.12 Physical Examination 272
11.13 Medical Status 275
11.14 Anesthesia Requirements 276
References 294
12 Endodontic Evaluation 295
12.1 Introduction 295
12.2 Pulp Status 297
12.3 Periradicular Status 299
12.4 Imaging Assessment 302
12.5 Additional Clinical Evaluations 303
12.6 Diagnosis 304
12.7 Endodontic Treatment Planning 306
12.8 Concluding Remarks 311
References 311
13 Prosthodontic Restoration 313
13.1 Documenting Patient Health Histories 313
13.2 Documenting Clinical, Radiographic, and Photographic Findings 315
13.3 Designing Prosthodontic Treatment Plans 320
13.4 Summary 338
References 340
14 Exam, Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Pediatric Patients 343
14.1 The Complete History and Examination 343
14.2 Diagnosis 360
14.3 Treatment Planning 361
14.4 Risk Based, Age Appropriate Diagnosis and Treatment Planning 370
Recommended Textbooks and Additional Reading 384
References 384
15 Orthodontics for the General Practitioner 387
15.1 Introduction to Orthodontics 387
15.2 Diagnosis and Malocclusion Classification 388
15.3 Orthodontic Interventions Commonly Accomplished by the General Practitioner 399
15.4 Management of the Mixed Dentition 402
Recommended Resources and Textbooks 404
References 404
16 Putting It All Together 407
16.1 Rational Approach to Treatment Planning 407
16.2 Putting It All Together 410
16.3 Presentation of the Treatment Plan 411
16.4 Consultations and Referrals 412
16.5 Conclusion 413
Suggested Reading 414
Index 415
