A peer reviewed, comprehensive encyclopedia that reflects the current state of water science and engineering from multidisciplinary global viewpoints
Water quantity and quality are becoming increasingly urgent environmental issues. To meet the growing water demands of our expanding global population, professionals are turning to nontraditional sources and technologies. This expansive, multidisciplinary reference work contains hundreds of articles that reflect the many substantial changes that have occurred in the field of water science. Topics include the hydrologic cycle, nanomaterials and colloids, ecology and microbiology, oceans and coastal processes, ice and glaciers, climate change and sustainability, societal considerations, water and health, and more. This comprehensive work features standalone, authoritative, verifiable, carefully edited, well organized, and accessible content.
Written and peer-reviewed by experts from around the world, The Encyclopedia of Water: Science, Technology, and Society comes in five volumes that cover: Fundamentals of Water, Chemistry, Particles, and Ecology; Hydrology, Groundwater, and Surface Water; Atmosphere and Precipitation, Ice and Glaciers, Oceans and Costs, Soils and Mineral-Water Interface; Water Technology; and Human Dimension. The Encyclopedia:
- Offers a multidisciplinary reference work covering water-related topics at the fundamental and applied levels
- Contains 229 articles on a wide range of subjects, including: Basic Concepts, The Hydrologic Cycle, Water Technology, and Societal Considerations and Special Topics
- Provides carefully edited articles presenting verifiable information and references
- Written and reviewed by a team of global experts
Encyclopedia of Water is a must-have reference for all hydrologists, environmental chemists and geochemists, environmental engineers, soil scientists, agriculturists, biologists, health scientists, and ecologists, as well as senior undergraduate and postgraduate students and educators in these areas. It is an important resource for all libraries in universities and colleges, industry, research organizations, and government departments.
Table of Contents
List of Contributors xxiii
Part I Fundamentals of Water, Chemistry, Particles, and Ecology 1
Overview 1
1. Water: The Environmental, Technological, and Societal Complexity of a Simple Substance 3
Janet G. Hering
2. Structure and Properties of Water in its Various States 13
Martin F. Chaplin
3. Water, Life, and the Critical Zone 33
Patricia A. Maurice
4. Earth’s Surface Energy Balance 37
Atsumu Ohmura
5. Hydrosphere 59
Yoseph Araya
6. Community Science and CUAHSI 67
Richard P. Hooper
7. Ecohydrology 75
Jun Yin, Amilcare Porporato, Paolo D’Odorico, and Ignacio Rodriguez-Iturbe
8. Water Security and Sustainability: Global Threats and Conflicts 97
Omid Bozorg-Haddad, Mahdi Bahrami, Mehdi Kazemi, Babak Abdi, Pouria Yari, Xuefeng Chu, and Hugo A. Loaiciga
9. Undergraduate Geoscience Education in Environmental and Water Sciences 103
Leilani A. Arthurs
Water Chemistry 113
10. Acid-Base Chemistry ofWater 115
David Kreller, James LoBue, and Rojrit Rojanathanes
11. Thermodynamics of Freshwater Chemistry 135
Patricia A. Maurice
12. Chemical Kinetics in Environmental Systems 145
Patricia A. Maurice
13. Geochemical Models 153
Mario A. Goncalves
14. Geochemical Modeling - Computer Codes 157
Mario A. Goncalves
15. Metal-Organic Interactions in Landfill Leachates and Associated Groundwaters 169
Mario A. Goncalves
16. Principles of Gas Solubility inWater: Henry’s Law 175
Roger Viadero Jr
17. Hofmeister Effects 183
Drew F. Parsons, Mathias Bostrom, Werner Kunz, and Barry W. Ninham
18. The Geochemistry of Acid Mine Drainage 191
Roger Viadero Jr
19. Acid Mine Drainage: Extent and Character 199
ArthurW. Rose
20. The REEs in Hydrothermal Systems 203
Artaches (Artas)Migdisov, Hongwu Xu, Anthony E. Williams-Jones, and Joel Brugger
21. Mercury in Water 215
Baohua Gu, Xia Lu, Alexander Johs, and Eric M. Pierce
22. Measurement of Chromium Species in Water Samples 233
Vasile I. Furdui and Stefanie Madler
23. Analysis of Phosphorus Species in Water 251
Vlastimil Packa, Vadim Bostan, and Vasile I. Furdui
24. Geochemistry of Urban Water Systems 265
W. Berry Lyons and Christopher B. Gardner
25. Electrolytic Release of Metal Cations in Water 271
Courtney L. Hill and James A. Smith
26. Background Concentration of Pollutants 281
Mario A. Goncalves
27. Arsenic inWater: Speciation, Sources, Distribution, and Toxicology 287
Sritama Mukherjee, Tanvi Gupte, Shantha Kumar Jenifer, Tiju Thomas, and Thalappil Pradeep
28. Arsenic in Water: Fundamentals of Measurement and Remediation 305
Sritama Mukherjee, Tanvi Gupte, Shantha Kumar Jenifer, Tiju Thomas, and Thalappil Pradeep
29. Cleanup of Oil and Chemical Spills 317
David L. Russell, PE
30. Sonochemical Remediation of Pollutants in Soils and Sediments 325
William P. Fagan and Linda K.Weavers
31. Methane in Groundwater: Pathways 347
Anna Martini, Stephen Osborn, and Jennifer McIntosh
32. Organic Compounds Present at Minute Concentrations in the Hydrologic System 359
James A. Jacobs
33. Analysis of Rare Earth Elements in Water and Sediments 363
Zheng-Hua Li
Nanomaterials and Colloids 381
34. Colloids and Nanoparticles in Aquatic Systems 383
Peter H. Santschi
35. Light Transmission Spectroscopy 397
Carol E. Tanner and Steven T. Ruggiero
36. Colloid Transport in Environmental Granular Porous Media 409
William P. Johnson, Huilian Ma, Anna Rasmuson, Kurt VanNess, Ke Li, Cesar Ron, and Brock Erickson
37. Sample Preparation for the Analysis of Nanomaterials inWater 423
Stephan Wagner, Jana Navratilova, and Andreas Gondikas
38. Nanomaterials inWater: Detection and Characterization 433
Andreas Gondikas, StephanWagner, and Jana Navratilova
39. Microplastics: A GlobalWater Pollution Problem 447
John E.Weinstein, Hildehardo F. Viado Jr, Rachel R. Leads, Emma Deloughry, Louisa Schandera, Karlee Liddy, and Geoffrey I. Scott
Ecology and Microbiology 463
40. Microbial Ecology of Streams 465
Laura G. Leff
41. Microbial Exudates 479
Owen W. Duckworth
42. Microbial Biofilms 485
Patricia A. Maurice
43. Pseudomonas mendocina: Versatile Remediator from a Versatile Genus 491
Jennifer L. DuBois
44. Application of Shewanella to Water Treatment Issues 499
Nadia Szeinbaum, Yael J. Toporek, Hyun-Dong Shin, and Thomas J. DiChristina
45. Watershed Nitrogen Budgets 511
Thomas R. Fisher, Rebecca J. Fox, Karen L. Knee, and Thomas E. Jordan
46. Quantification of Anoxia and Hypoxia inWater Bodies 525
Gertrud K. Nurnberg
47. Freshwater Cyanobacterial Blooms 535
Barry H. Rosen
48. Water Quality Factors Affecting Fish Growth and Production 547
Roger Viadero Jr
49. Water Pollution from Fish Farms 557
Asbjorn Bergheim, Mark Schumann, and Alexander Brinker
50. The Plankton Food-Web Role in the Oceans 567
Domenico D’Alelio
51. European Marine Biodiversity Observatory Systems 583
Christiaan Hummel, Herman Hummel, Pim van Avesaath, and Paolo Magni
52. Eutrophication and Nutrient Fluxes in Mediterranean Coastal Lagoons 595
Bachisio M. Padedda, Silvia Pulina, Cecilia T. Satta, Antonella Luglie, and Paolo Magni
53. Canopy-Forming Ecosystem Engineers in Aquatic Ecosystems 611
Iris E. Hendriks, Luca A. van Duren, and Josef D. Ackerman
54. Chemical Signaling in Aquatic Ecosystems 625
Elias T. Lunsford, Karin Jenkins, and Ryan P. Ferrer
55. Settlement and Recruitment of Pelagic Larvae to Benthic Habitats 643
Michael T. Nishizaki and Josef D. Ackerman
Part II Hydrology, Groundwater, and Surface Water 659
Fundamentals of Hydrology 659
56. Fundamental Hydrologic Equations 661
Roger Beckie
57. Hydraulic Head 677
Todd C. Rasmussen
58. Porosity and Permeability 681
Patricia A. Maurice
59. Barometric Efficiency 683
Todd C. Rasmussen
60. Specific Gravity 687
Todd C. Rasmussen
61. Ghijben-Herzberg Equilibrium 691
Ekkehard Holzbecher
62. Potential Flow 697
Ekkehard Holzbecher
63. Retardation 707
Ekkehard Holzbecher
64. Fractals in Water and Water-Related Processes 715
Luca G. Lanza
65. Stable Isotopes of Water in Hydrogeology 725
S. Tweed, Marc Leblanc, I. Cartwright, A. Bass, Y. Travi, V. Marc, T. Nguyen Bach, N. DangDuc, S. Massuel, and U. Saravana Kumar
66. Fundamentals of Water Waves 735
Andrew Kennedy
67. Groundwater: Hydrology, Chemistry and Remediation 743
Groundwater Flow 745
Otto D.L. Strack
Groundwater Modeling 757
Ekkehard Holzbecher
68. Basic Principles of Flow and Transport in Porous Media 769
Marek Matyjasik and Marek Henryk Zaluski
69. Experimental Investigation of Solute Transport 781
Daniel P. McInnis
70. Effective Models for Transport in Complex Heterogeneous Hydrologic Systems 797
Nicole Sund, Tomas Aquino, and Diogo Bolster
71. Theory and Practice of Slug Tests for Aquifer Characterization 817
Bwalya Malama, Mikenna Montgomery, and Stephanie Aurelius
72. Horizontal Wells 833
David L. Russell, PE
73. Low-Flow Groundwater Purging and Sampling 841
David B. Vance and James A. Jacobs
74. Water-Jetting Drilling Technologies 845
James A. Jacobs
75. Water Well Drilling Methods 849
James A. Jacobs
76. Groundwater Impacts from Storm water Infiltration Practices 855
Michael D. Trojan, John S. Gulliver, and David J. Fairbairn
77. Cadmium in Groundwater: Chemical Behavior and Treatment 873
James A. Jacobs
78. Construction Sites: Storm water Impacts from Runoff Water 883
James A. Jacobs
79. Soil and Groundwater Sampling Methods 887
James A. Jacobs
80. MtBE: Environmental Impacts 893
James A. Jacobs
81. Xeniobiotic Chemicals: Emerging Contaminants and Recalcitrant Compounds in Groundwater 897
James A. Jacobs and Thomas K.G. Mohr
82. Remediation of Metals in Groundwater 903
James A. Jacobs and David B. Vance
83. Groundwater Remediation by Injection 909
David B. Vance and James A. Jacobs
84. Benzene in Groundwater: Chemical Behavior and Treatment 913
James A. Jacobs
85. In Situ Aeration and Volatilization of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Groundwater 917
David B. Vance and James A. Jacobs
86. Groundwater Remediation and Horizontal Wells 925
James A. Jacobs and David B. Vance
87. Arsenic in Groundwater: Chemical Behavior and Treatment 929
David B. Vance and James A. Jacobs
88. Life Cycle for Groundwater Remediation Projects 937
James A. Jacobs
89. Uranium in Groundwater: Chemical Behavior and Treatment 941
James A. Jacobs
90. Nitrate in Groundwater: Chemical Behavior and Treatment 945
James A. Jacobs
91. Vinyl Chloride in Groundwater: Chemical Behavior and Treatment 949
James A. Jacobs
92. Lead in Groundwater: Chemical Behavior and Treatment 957
James A. Jacobs
93. Mercury in Groundwater: Chemical Behavior and Treatment 963
James A. Jacobs
94. Microbes and Inorganic Colloids in Particulate Transport in Groundwater 969
David B. Vance and James A. Jacobs
95. Natural Attenuation and Enhanced Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons Geochemical Factors in Groundwater Remediation 973
James A. Jacobs and David B. Vance
96. Cobalt in Groundwater: Chemical Behavior and Treatment 979
James A. Jacobs
97. Groundwater and Soil Remediation Using Fenton’s Chemistry 985
James A. Jacobs
98. Phytoremediation Enhancement of Natural Attenuation Processes 989
David B. Vance and James A. Jacobs
99. In Situ Bioremediation of Groundwater: Process Limitations 993
David B. Vance and James A. Jacobs
100. Soil Vapor Data: Groundwater Applications 1001
Blayne Hartman and James A. Jacobs
101. In Situ Remediation of Heavy Metals in Groundwater 1011
James A. Jacobs
102. Groundwater Remediation: In Situ Passive Methods 1017
James A. Jacobs
Surface Water: Lakes, Streams, and Wetlands 1023
103. Groundwater-Surface Water Interaction 1025
Laura Toran
104. Hydrodynamics of Lakes 1037
Leon Boegman
105. Hydrology of Wetlands 1049
Hugh J. Brown and Jessi L. Haeft
106. Hydrologic Connectivity of Isolated Wetlands: Episodic Flows 1059
James B. Deemy, Todd C. Rasmussen, and Kimberly K. Takagi
107. Wetland Value and Protection Strategies 1063
Elizabeth Kramer
108. Rainfall-Runoff Modeling Based on Genetic Programming 1081
Vladan Babovic, Xin Li, and Jayashree Chadalawada
109. GIS for Watershed Characterization and Modeling 1097
Jeffrey D. Colby
110. The Rosgen Stream Classification System 1117
Dave Rosgen
111. Erosion and Sediment Transport by Water on Hillslopes 1133
Anthony J. Parsons
112. Natural Channel Design for River Restoration 1143
Dave Rosgen
113. Sediment Yields and Sediment Budgets 1157
Desmond E. Walling
114. Low Impact Development Technologies for Highway Storm water Runoff 1191
Derek Henderson, Gail Hayes, Charles Burgis, and James A. Smith
115. Geochemistry of Great Salt Lake 1209
William P. Johnson, Wayne A.Wurtsbaugh, Gary E. Belovsky, Bonnie K. Baxter, Frank Black, Cory Angeroth, Paul Jewell, and Shu
Yang
116. Lake Balaton: Water Quality of the Largest Shallow Lake in Central Europe 1225
Viktor Sebestyen, Jozsef Nemeth, Tatiana Juzsakova, Endre Domokos, and Akos Redey
Part III Atmosphere and Precipitation, Ice and Glaciers, Oceans and Coasts, Soils and Mineral-Water Interface 1241
Atmosphere and Precipitation 1241
117. Fundamentals of the Meteorology of Storm Systems 1243
Charles A. Doswell III
118. Models of Clouds, Precipitation, and Storms 1255
Andrea I. Flossmann and Wolfram Wobrock
119. Stable Isotopes in Precipitation 1271
Shelby Hurst and R.V. Krishnamurthy
120. Ecosystem Effects of Acidic Deposition 1283
Charles T. Driscoll and ZhangweiWang
121. Water Vapor and Pollutants, Aerosol-Cloud Interactions 1295
Thara V. Prabha and Alexander Khain
122. Interception: Its Importance, its Isotopic Impact, and How to Model and Measure it 1319
Hubert H.G. Savenije andMiriam Coenders-Gerrits
123. Evapotranspiration Monitoring 1327
Rodrigo Fuster, Italo Moletto-Lobos, Catherine Vargas, and Cristian Mattar
124. Air-Sea-Land Interactions During Tropical Cyclones 1345
Shih-Ang Hsu
Ice and Glaciers 1359
125. Formation of Ice on Surface Water 1361
Lovisa Lind
126. Ice Jams: Causes and Effects 1371
Bogusław Pawłowski
127. Low-Level Ice Clouds-Ice Fog 1381
Ismail Gultepe
128. Glaciers and Land-to-Ocean Flux of Carbon 1401
Maria L. Paulsen and Benjamin A. Robson
Oceans and Coastal Processes 1413
129. The Oceans: Ocean Circulation, Upwelling, and ENSO 1415
Patricia A. Maurice
130. Wind Generation of Waves 1419
Tihomir Hristov
131. Tidal Efficiency 1427
Todd C. Rasmussen
132. Coastal Oceanography: Physics and Biology 1431
Xiao Hua Wang, Yue Xin Gao, Qian Wang, Tianqi He, Weibing Guan, and Fei Chai
133. Nonlinear Wave Interactions over Coastal Muds 1443
Navid Tahvildari and Elham Sharifineyestani
134. Ship-Mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP): Characteristics and Field Applications to Measure Coastal Hydrodynamics 1459
Alberto Ribotti, Mireno Borghini, Andrea Satta, and Paolo Magni
135. Carbon Dioxide and Carbonate Chemistry of the Oceans 1471
Wei-Jun Cai
136. Deoxygenation of the Open Oceans and its Consequences 1489
David L. Kirchman
137. Manganese Cycling in the Oceans 1501
Bradley M. Tebo and George W. Luther III
138. Ecology of Polar Phytoplankton 1515
Maria Vernet
139. Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents 1531
Tara H. Luke
140. Arctic Shipping and Polar Seaways 1539
Julie Babin, Frederic Lasserre and Pauline Pic
Mineral-Water Interface, Soils, and Agriculture 1551
141. Fundamentals of Soil Chemistry 1553
Donald L. Sparks
142. Mineral Surface Charge in Aqueous Solution 1565
Patricia A. Maurice
143. Organic Compounds inWater and Organic Sorption toMinerals 1569
Patricia A. Maurice
144. Sorption and Transport in Porous Media: The Distribution Coefficient Kd Approach 1577
Patricia A. Maurice
145. Use of XAS for Studies of Aqueous and Surface Geochemistry 1581
Kalpani Werellapatha
146. Soil Water 1589
Todd C. Rasmussen
147. Metal-Clay Interaction: Spectroscopic Characterization 1593
Mario A. Goncalves
148. Sorption of Metal Ions on Soils, Batch Experiments 1601
Stanko Ruiˇci´c
149. The Effects of Natural Mineral Coatings on Metal Transport in Contaminated Aquifers 1613
David M. Singer
150. Applications of SPM to Studies of Mineral-Water Interface Chemistry 1625
Steven R. Higgins and Angela L. Bertagni
151. Deep Soil Water Movement 1637
Todd C. Rasmussen
152. Graphene Coatings for Microbial Corrosion Applications 1641
Govinda Chilkoor, Namita Shrestha, Sushma Priyanka Karanam, Venkata K.K. Upadhyayula, and Venkataramana Gadhamshetty
153. Dew Deserts 1667
Giora J. Kidron
154. Desert Biocrusts 1675
Giora J. Kidron
155. Crop Water Requirements and Irrigation Scheduling 1687
Mladen Todorovi´c
156. Crop Evapotranspiration 1697
Mladen Todorovi´c
157. Lead in Water and Soil: Speciation, Toxicity, and Treatment Technologies 1713
Maciej Manecki
158. Acid Mine Drainage: Sources and Treatment in the United States 1727
Jeffrey G. Skousen, Paul F. Ziemkiewicz, and Louis M. McDonald
Part IV Water Technology 1737
Water Treatment and Supply 1737
159. Drinking Water Infrastructure 1739
Juneseok Lee, Gamze Gungor-Demirci, and Jonathan Keck
160. Water Distribution System 1759
Sana Saleem, Haroon R.Mian, and Guangji Hu
161. Pipeline Failure and Deterioration Models 1771
Golam Kabir, Solomon Tesfamariam, and Rehan Sadiq
162. Advanced Water Main Deterioration Model Using Bayesian Geoadditive Quantile Regression 1785
Ngandu Balekelayi and Solomon Tesfamariam
163. Pipe Failure Prediction with Consideration of Climate Change 1799
Gizachew Demissie, Solomon Tesfamariam, Yonas Dibike, and Rehan Sadiq
164. Water Distribution Systems: Hydraulics and Quality Modeling 1815
Haroon R.Mian, Sana Saleem, Guangji Hu, and Rehan Sadiq
165. Water Infrastructure and Asset Management 1827
Golam Kabir, Solomon Tesfamariam, and Rehan Sadiq
166. Disinfection and Antimicrobial Processes 1839
Ernest R. Blatchley III
167. Advanced Reduction and Oxidation-Reduction Processes forWater Treatment 1859
Bill Batchelor
N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) Formation Mechanisms in DrinkingWater Systems 1873
Huong T. Pham, David G.Wahman,Wen Zhang, and Julian L. Fairey
168. Hollow Fiber Nanofiltration Membranes for Water Treatment 1887
Reyhan Sengur-Tasdemir, Turker Turken, Gulsum Melike Urper-Bayram, Esra Ates-Genceli, Volodymyr V. Tarabara, and Ismail Koyuncu
169. Quorum Quenching for Biofouling Control in Membrane Bioreactors 1899
Bahar Yavuzturk Gul, Borte Kose Mutlu, Pyung-Kyu Park, Chung-Hak Lee, and Ismail Koyuncu
170. Rapid Rate Biological Filtration in DrinkingWater Treatment 1913
Meaghan MacGillivray, Amina K. Stoddart, and Graham A. Gagnon
171. Advanced Oxidation Processes 1925
Marin Kovacic, Hrvoje Kusic, Ana Loncaric Bozic, and Dionysios D. Dionysiou
172. Hybrid Ion Exchange Nanotechnology (HIX-Nanotech) 1941
Michael German and Arup K. SenGupta
173. Polymer-Nanocomposite Membranes for Water Separations 1965
Charles-Francois de Lannoy
174. Unregulated Disinfection By-Products: Spatiotemporal Variation in Water Distribution Networks 1985
Gyan Chhipi-Shrestha, Sarin R. Pokhrel, Manjot Kaur, Francois Proulx, and Manuel J. Rodriguez
175. Drinking Water Treatment Unit Processes: Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling 1999
David A. Ladner, Zuo Zhou, and Peng Xie
176. Water Desalination: Electrostatic and Electrochemical Separation Processes 2009
Sneha Shanbhag, Leila Karimi, Jay F.Whitacre, and Meagan S. Mauter
177. Water Supply Systems: Performance Indicators 2035
Husnain Haider and Rehan Sadiq
178. Overview of Drinking Water Distribution System Microbiome and Water Quality 2051
Christa K. Gomez and Srijan Aggarwal
179. Water Quality Failure Pathways 2069
Guangji Hu, Haroon R.Mian, James Hager, and Rehan Sadiq
180. Optimization for Booster Chlorination 2081
Nilufar Islam and Manuel J. Rodriguez
181. Biofilm Formation in Water Supply Pipes 2089
Yeyuan Xiao and Hira Waheed
Wastewater Treatment 2105
182. Sensor Networks for Dynamic Control of Combined Sewer Systems 2107
Luis Montestruque
183. Hydrogen Production from Wastewater by Biochemical Methods 2119
Balasubramani Ramprakash and Muthukumar Karuppan
184. Sustainable Membrane Bioreactor Wastewater Treatment 2137
Jeonghwan Kim
185. Removal of Contaminants of Emerging Concern from Wastewater 2145
Carlos G. Dosoretz
186. Utilization of Treated Waste water for Irrigation of Agricultural Crops 2159
Yona Chen and Jorge Tarchitzky
187. Application of Nanocomposite Membranes for Non-Pressure-Driven Separation Processes 2179
Jonathan A. Brant and Seyed M.S. Shahabadi
188. Oil and Gas Produced Water, High-Salinity Brines, and Associated Cost Modeling 2197
Enid J. Sullivan Graham
189. Wastewater Treatment: Mathematical Modeling 2219
Jeremy Dudley
190. Microbial Interactions in Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment 2231
Yongfeng Wang and Qiang He
191. Co-Digestion of FoodWaste atWastewater Treatment Plants 2239
Mary Martis, Harold Leverenz, Tim Raibley, Brian Thomas, and Amanda Roa
192. Kinetics of Halogenated Disinfection By-Products Formation in Chlorinated Seawater 2249
Khaled Elsaid, Bill Batchelor, and Ahmed Abdel-Wahab
193. Bacteriophages in Engineered Bioreactors 2263
Md Imdadul Islam and Ramesh Goel
Part V Human Dimensions 2275
Climate Change and Sustainability 2275
194. Climate Change and Extreme Events 2277
Climent Ramis, Maria F. Cardell, Arnau Amengual, Romualdo Romero, Victor Homar, Sergio Alonso, and Agusti Jansa
195. Ground water, Climate Variability and Change 2295
Jason J. Gurdak, Cassandra Wolf, Zoe Gross, Tales Carvalho Resende, and Marc Leblanc
196. Extreme Events and Their Impacts -Managing Environmental Risk 2305
David L. Russell, PE
197. Applications of Stable Isotopes to Studies of Paleohydrology and Paleoclimatology 2313
Zhengyu Xia and Zicheng Yu
198. Hydropower in Climate Change 2331
Babak Zolghadr-Asli, Omid Bozorg-Haddad, and Xuefeng Chu
199. Hydrological Modeling of Climate Change Impacts 2337
Kirsti Hakala, Nans Addor, Claudia Teutschbein, Marc Vis, Hamouda Dakhlaoui, and Jan Seibert
200. Sustainable Wells: Problem Causes, Prevention, and Asset Management for Wells and Well Fields 2357
Stuart A. Smith MS, CGWP
201. Bio-Based Chemicals and Sustainability 2373
James Philp
202. Biofuels, Water Footprints, and Green Perspectives 2391
Lucas Reijnders
203. Nuclear Wastes in the United States 2401
Judy Y. King and James M. Hylko
204. Hydrology and Climate Change in Pacific and Similar Regions: Insights from Hawaii 2407
Olkeba Tolessa Leta and Aly I. El-Kadi
205. Reorienting Watershed Management as a Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2419
V. Ratna Reddy and T. Chiranjeevi
206. Water Conservation for Sustainable Agriculture 2433
Yanjun Shen and Hongwei Pei
207. Hot Hand Fallacy: A Contagious Misinterpretation in Water Resources Sectors 2445
Babak Zolghadr-Asli, Omid Bozorg-Haddad, and Xuefeng Chu
208. Energy Use in Water Distribution Systems: A Life Cycle Perspective 2451
Hirushie Karunathilake, Tharindu Prabatha, Shahnawaz Khan, and Kasun Hewage
209. Climate Change and Agriculture 2463
Mladen Todorovi´c and Nebojša Jovanovi´c
210. Phosphorus and the Baltic Sea: Sustainable Management 2479
Maximilian Berthold, Gunther Nausch, Mario von Weber, Stefan Koch, Petra Kahle, Bernd Lennartz, Jens Tranckner, Uwe Buczko, Claudia Tonn, Felix Ekardt, and Ulrich Bathmann
211. Hazardous Metallic Ions Removal fromWater Using Activated Carbons 2499
Pedro G. Gonzalez
Water and Health 2511
212. Malaria: Water, Hydrology, and Climate Change 2513
Gregory R. Madey and Patricia A. Maurice
213. Drinking Water and Human Health Challenges in the Twenty-First Century 2519
Konstantinos C. Makris
214. Vibrio Bacteria in Aquatic Ecosystems: Effects of Climate Change on Antibiotic Resistance 2535
Cecile Hart Scott, Cassie Horton, Catherine Brett, Emily Palmer, Shannon Pipes, Dan Tufford, Paul A. Sandifer,
215. Marie DeLorenzo, Paul L. Pennington, Dwayne E. Porter, Christina Ek, Sean Norman, and Geoffrey I. Scott
Water, Society, and Law 2557
216. The Food-Water-Energy Nexus in Chile: Agriculture, Water Companies, and Mining 2559
G. Arce, J. Gironas, M. Molinos-Senante, F. Suarez, P. Pasten, F. Meza, G. Donoso, S. Vicuna, and I. Vargas
217. Water and Global Development Goals: The Role of Engineering and Social Science in Meeting International Policy Outcomes 2579
Saleem Ali and Domenico Grasso
218. Water Policy and Management in Chile 2589
Manuel Prieto, Maria Christina Fragkou, and Matias Calderon
219. Lake Erie: Past, Present, and Future 2601
Jeffrey M. Reutter
220. Water Discharge Permitting in the United States and the European Union 2617
David L. Russell, PE
221. Using Citizen Science to Raise Public Awareness and Engagement with Water Issues 2629
Yoseph Araya
222. Water and Gender Relations 2635
Jill S. Schneiderman
223. Remediation and Case Closure Policy for Petroleum Hydrocarbons 2639
David B. Vance and James A. Jacobs
224. Groundwater Governance 2643
Francois Molle and Alvar Closas
225. Environmental and Public Health Issues: Community Engagement in Environmental Justice Populations 2653
Matthew J. Neet, Jamelle H. Ellis, Zachary H. Hart, Geoffrey I. Scott, Daniela B. Friedman, Rense Heath Kelsey, and Dwayne E. Porter
226. Mine Waste Effects on Water and Soil in Native American Land in Western USA 2671
Jose M. Cerrato, Cherie L. DeVore, and Carmen A. Velasco
227. The 2010 Marshall, Michigan Tar Sands Oil Spill 2679
Jeffrey Insko
228. Management of the Marine Environment: Transdisciplinary and Systemic Approach 2685
Patrick Prouzet, Andre Monaco, and Lea Sebastien
Index 2711
