A keystone reference that presents both up-to-date research and the far-reaching applications of marine biotechnology
Featuring contributions from 100 international experts in the field, this five-volume encyclopedia provides comprehensive coverage of topics in marine biotechnology. It starts with the history of the field and delivers a complete overview of marine biotechnology. It then offers information on marine organisms, bioprocess techniques, marine natural products, biomaterials, bioenergy, and algal biotechnology. The encyclopedia also covers marine food and biotechnology applications in areas such as pharmaceuticals, cosmeceuticals, and nutraceuticals.
Each topic in Encyclopedia of Marine Biotechnology is followed by 10-30 subtopics. The reference looks at algae cosmetics, drugs, and fertilizers; biodiversity; chitins and chitosans; aeroplysinin-1, toluquinol, astaxanthin, and fucoxanthin; and algal and fish genomics. It examines neuro-protective compounds from marine microorganisms; potential uses and medical management of neurotoxic phycotoxins; and the role of metagenomics in exploring marine microbiomes. Other sections fully explore marine microbiology, pharmaceutical development, seafood science, and the new biotechnology tools that are being used in the field today.
- One of the first encyclopedic books to cater to experts in marine biotechnology
- Brings together a diverse range of research on marine biotechnology to bridge the gap between scientific research and the industrial arena
- Offers clear explanations accompanied by color illustrations of the techniques and applications discussed
- Contains studies of the applications of marine biotechnology in the field of biomedical sciences
- Edited by an experienced author with contributions from internationally recognized experts from around the globe
Encyclopedia of Marine Biotechnology is a must-have resource for researchers, scientists, and marine biologists in the industry, as well as for students at the postgraduate and graduate level. It will also benefit companies focusing on marine biotechnology, pharmaceutical and biotechnology, and bioenergy.
Table of Contents
List of Contributors
Preface
Brief Biography of Prof. Se-Kwon Kim
Acknowledgements
Volume I
Section I Algal Biotechnology
1 Algae Biotechnology: Current Status, Potential and Impediments
Sunil Kumar Sahu, Vaibhav A. Mantri, Ping Zheng and Nan Yao
2 Algal Carotenoids: Understanding Their Structure, Distribution and Potential Applications in Human Health
Ankita Jain and V.L. Sirisha
3 Algae Cosmetics
Izabela Michalak, Agnieszka Dmytryk and Katarzyna Chojnacka
4 Algal Drugs: The State of the Research
Ozcan Konur
5 Algae Fertilizers
Ł. Tuhy, A. Saeid and K. Chojnacka
6 Bioactive Polysaccharides from Marine Macroalgae
Samanta S. Khora and Pagolu Navya
7 Carrageenan and its Enzymatic Extraction
Kustiariyah Tarman, Uju Sadi, Joko Santoso and Linawati Hardjito
8 Colloid Producing Seaweeds: Agarophytes, Carrageenophytes and Alginophytes Biodiversity
Leonel Pereira
9 Cultivation and Production Techniques of Marine Algae
Subhasha Nigam, Surbhi Sinha, Arti Srivastava and Ashutosh Srivastava
10 Ecophysiology of Marine Algae: Factors Regulating Primary Production and Growth in Natural Environments
Jesús M. Mercado, Soluna Salles and Dolores Cortés
11 Epigenetic Activation of Animals, Fish, Crustaceans, Mollusks, and Plants by Administration of Dimethylsulfoniopropionate in Green Sea Algae
Kenji Nakajima
12 Hydrocolloid Production of Indonesian Seaweeds
Maya Puspita, Nur Azmi Ratna Setyawidati and Ratih Pangestuti
13 Marine Invasive Seaweeds of the Iberian Peninsula for Value Added Products
Fatemeh Zahmatkesh, Rui Gaspar and Leonel Pereira
14 Marine Microalgae in Food and Health Applications
Ratih Pangestuti , Diah Radini Noerdjito, Evi Amelia Siahaan, Serly Sapulete and Se‐Kwon Kim
15 Microalgal Efficiency for Wastewater Treatment
P.N. Sudha, K. Vijayalakshmi, D. Hemapriya, M. Saranya and Se‐Kwon Kim
16 Microalgal Growth and Nutrient Uptake in Heavy Metal Polluted Environments
F.M. Santos, A.P. Lopes, V.J.P. Vilar and J.C.M. Pires
17 New Alternative Fertilizers Based on Algae Biomass Loaded with Metal Ions: Concepts and Applications in the Improvement of Soil Quality
Laura Bulgariu and Dumitru Bulgariu
18 Dynamic Modeling of Microalgal Growth
José P. Losa, Francisca M. Santos, Maria C.M. Alvim‐Ferraz, Fernando G. Martins and José C.M. Pires
19 Recent Insights Into Algal Biotechnology: An Update Using Text Mining Tool
K. Parkavi, R. Raja, K. Arunkumar, Ana Coelho, S. Hemaiswarya and Isabel S. Carvalho
20 Pharmacology of Marine Macroalgae
Kasım Cemal Güven, Burak Coban and Osman Özdemir
21 Porphyran
Mikinori Ueno and Tatsuya Oda
22 Potential Health Benefits of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Marine Algae
R.M.A.C. Udayangani, G.D.P. Somasiri, Indira Wickramasinghe and Se‐Kwon Kim
Section II Biodiversity
23 Analyzing the Diversity of Microbial Communities Residing in Marine Ecosystems
Piyush Chandna, Rama Sisodia, Ramesh Chander Kuhad and Naseem A. Gaur
24 Biodiversity Distribution Patterns of Marine Phytoplankton and their Main Threats (Climate Change, Eutrophication and Acidification)
Soluna Salles and Jesús M. Mercado
25 Chemical Ecology Driven Bioprospecting of Marine Sponges
Aabha Deshpande and Narsinh Thakur
Section III Bioenergy
26 Biomass Production from Marine Microalgae: Introducing a Biorefinery Concept for Nannochloropsis sp.
Yefei Liang and Peer M. Schenk
Volume II
27 Harvesting of Bioenergy and Biomaterials from Marine Resources
Md Kaisar Ali, Sajjad Husain Mir, M.K. Mohammad Ziaul Hyder and Wenmin Yang
28 Potential Alternative Marine Bio-Resources for Biodiesel Production
Nathan Jubilation Chifamba, Mildred Nyamunokora, Kumar Gaurav and Joydeep Dutta
Section IV Biomaterials
29 Alginate Nanostructures: Pharmaceutical Approaches
Sougata Jana, Nilofer Jasmin, Kalyan Kumar Sen and Sabyasachi Maiti
30 Alginate Oligosaccharides
Mikinori Ueno and Tatsuya Oda
31 Ascophyllan
Mikinori Ueno, Takasi Okimura and Tatsuya Oda
32 Biodegradable Nanoparticles for Photodynamic Therapy
Mohammadreza Saboktakin
33 Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering - Bioabsorbability/Degradation in Marine Biotechnology
Kelvii Wei Guo and Hon Yuen Tam
34 Biomedical Applications of Chitin Nanofibers
Kazuo Azuma, Yoshiharu Okamoto and Shinsuke Ifuku
35 Biotechnological Valorization of Marine Collagens: Biomaterials for Health Applications
Dario Fassini, Sara M. Oliveira, Tiago H. Silva and Rui L. Reis
36 Chemical Modifications of Chitin and Chitosan
Maher Z. Elsabee, Rania E. Morsi and M. Fathy
37 Chitosan as a Universal Drug Delivery Vehicle
Partha Pratim Bose and Urmimala Chatterjee
38 Chitosan Based Composites and Their Applications in Tissue Engineering
Nauman Rahim Khan, Kifayat Ullah Shah, Asif Nawaz and Tin Wui Wong
39 Marine Collagen and its Biotechnological Applications
Marina Pozzolini, Sonia Scarfì and Marco Giovine
40 Chitosan-Antioxidant Conjugates
Vivien Nagy and Már Másson
41 Chondroitin Sulfate from Marine Invertebrates: Isolation and Applications
Uthayasooriyan Yuvashri, Shankar Kanchana, Arumugam Abirami, Kavitha Naidu, Gunaratna Kuttuva Rajarao and Muthuvel Arumugam
42 Environmental Applications of Chitosan and its Derivatives
P. Padmaja and Ronak Bhatt
43 Extracellular Chitin Nanofibers from Marine Diatoms
Omar G. Chiriboga, Paul LeDuff and Gregory L. Rorrer
44 Extraction and Purification of Fucoidan from Marine Sources
Noelia Flórez-Fernández, Elena M. Balboa and Herminia Domínguez
45 Fish Collagen: Characteristics and Application
Yoshihiko Hayashi
46 Fucoidan Oligosaccharides - Bioactive and Therapeutic Potential
Magdalena M. Stefaniak‐Vidarsson, María Gudjónsdóttir and Olafur E. Sigurjonsson
47 Marine Biomaterials-Based Systems: Delivery of Therapeutics
Sougata Jana, Arijit Gandhi and Chandrani Roy
48 Marine Collagen as a Source of Biomaterial
Kirti and Samanta S. Khora
49 Marine Algal Polysaccharides and Their Applications
Irudayaraj Rajendran
50 Marine Biomaterial Treasure and Biomedical Sciences
Gopi Suresh Oggu, Surekha Velidandla, Kranti Kiran Reddy Ella, Jayachandran Venkatesan, Amit Asthana, Se-Kwon Kim and Ira Bhatnagar
51 Marine Polysaccharide-Based Nanomaterials
Sudip Mondal, Panchanathan Manivasagan and Junghwan Oh
52 pH-Sensitive Modification of Chitosan as a Gene Carrier among Marine Biomaterials
Hu-Lin Jiang, Lei Xing, Tian-Jiao Zhou, Jia-Hui Gong, Yu-Jing He, Wan-Ru Zhuang, Ki-Hyun Cho and Chong-Su Cho
53 Enzymatic Production of Water-Soluble Chitosan and its Development Prospects in Indonesia
Yusro Nuri Fawzya, Syamdidi and Hari Eko Irianto
54 3D Printed Marine Biomaterials Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering
Seong-Yeong Heo, Gun-Woo Oh and Won-Kyo Jung
55 Recent Advances on Chitosan-Based Materials in Regenerative Medicine
P.R. Sivashankari and M. Prabaharan
56 Ulvan in Tissue Engineering
P.N. Sudha, T. Gomathi and Se-Kwon Kim
Volume III
Section V Compounds
57 Aeroplysinin-1, A Sponge-Derived Compound with Multi-Target Biological Activity
Beatriz Martínez-Poveda, Miguel Ángel Medina and Ana R. Quesada
58 Anti-Angiogenic and Anti-Lymphangiogenic Properties of Toluquinol, a Marine Fungus Metabolite
Melissa García-Caballero, Miguel Angel Medina, Agnes Nöel and Ana Rodríguez Quesada
59 Astaxanthin and Fucoxanthin: Promising Marine Xanthophylls with Therapeutic Potential
M. Barbosa, P. Valentão and P.B. Andrade
60 Applications of Marine Proteases
Sougata Jana, Subhamay Panda, Manik Baral and Subrata Jana
61 Bioactive Proteins and Peptides from Microalgae
Julianne Stack, Aurélien V. Le Gouic and Richard J. FitzGerald
62 Characterization of Bioactive Peptide Derived from Fish Mucus
Deivasigamani Balaraman, Vasuki Subramanian and Edward Gnana Jothi Georgea
63 Marine Natural Pigments: Bioactivities, Production and Application
Yan-Chao Wu, Xiao-Bo Wang and Hui-Jing Li
64 Marine Bioresources as Potential Source for Synthesis of Nanoparticles
Vijayalakshmi Ghosh
65 Marine Algal Phlorotannins and their Biological Importance
Noel Vinay Thomas, A. Salomy Monica Diyya, Dlzar Dlshad Ghafour and Se-Kwon Kim
66 Neuroprotective Compounds from Marine Microorganisms
Shiek S.S.J. Ahmed, K. Pallavi, P.S. Aiswarya, V. Ramakrishnan and R.S. Akram Husain
67 Potential Uses and Medical Management of Neurotoxic Phycotoxins
S. Lucía Blanco, Laura P. Rodríguez, Jorge Lago, Juan M. Vieites and Ana G. Cabado
68 Pharmacological Profile of Bromophenols Derived from Marine Organisms
Ming Liu, Huanli Xu and Xiukun Lin
69 Photoaging and Anti-Photoaging Activity of Compounds Derived From Marine Origin
V. Ramakrishnan, P.S. Aiswarya, K. Pallavi, R.S. Akram Husain and Shiek S.S.J. Ahmed
70 Structure and Source of Marine Natural Products
Gunasekaran Bharath, Mathiyazhagan Jayasindu and K.M. Gothandam
71 Violacein and Prodiginines from Marine Bacteria: The Molecular Basis of their Bioactivities and Biotechnology for their Production
Keiichi Enomoto
Section VI Extremophiles
72 Extremozymes and Extremoproteins in Biosensor Applications
Namasivayam Vasudevan and Annamalai Jayshree
73 Chitosan as Anticancer Compound and Nanoparticulate Matrix for Cancer Therapeutics
Asif Nawaz and Tin Wui Wong
74 Marine Extremophiles: Adaptations and Biotechnological Applications
Prashakha J. Shukla, Vaibhav D. Bhatt, Jayaraman Suriya and Chandrashekar Mootapally
Section VII Genomics
75 Algal Genomics: The State of the Research
Ozcan Konur
76 Advancements in Bioinformatics and Role in Marine Genomics and Metagenomics
Neelam M. Nathani, Ananya Mitra, Chandrashekar Mootapally and Ramesh K. Kothari
77 Current Advances in Biotechnology of Marine Microalgae
Chun Wan, Bailing Chen, Xinqing Zhao and Fengwu Bai
78 Expanding Metabolomics Applications to Address Issues in Marine Ecology and Natural Products Chemistry
Sara E. Ali and Mohamed A. Farag
79 Fish Genomics
Yu Huang, Chao Bian, Yulu Liu, Xinxin You, Hui Yu, Yunhai Yi, Bing Xie and Qiong Shi
80 Genomic and Proteomics in Pharmaceutical Products Development and Biological Applications of Marine Derivatives
Abdul Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed, Mohaddeseh Adel, Pegah Karimi, Taha Mahmoudi, Reza Farzinebrahimi and Ram Arun Kumar
81 “OMICS” Techniques - Applications and Future Perspectives
Aathira Maikkara, Samiha Tabassum Ghori, Vishaalini Kamali and Ayyavu Mahesh
82 Role of Metagenomics in Exploring Marine Microbiomes: Current Status and Implications
Chandrashekar Mootapally, Neelam Mustakali Nathani, Solly Solomon, Bharathiraja Subramanian and Indra Ramjibhai Gadhvi
83 Recent Advances in the Transcriptomics of Seaweeds
Bhakti Tanna and Avinash Mishra
84 Transcriptomics in Aquaculture
D. Inbakandan
Section VIII Microbiology
85 Degradation and Modification of Alginate by Enzymes in Marine Organisms
Akira Inoue
86 Actinobacteria in Marine Environments: From Terrigenous Origin to Adapted Functional Diversity
D.I. Kurtbӧke, T. Okazaki and G. Vobis
87 Biotransformation of Flavonoids by Terrestrial and Marine Microorganisms
Iara Lisboa de Matos, Marcia Nitschke, Luís Joaquim Pina da Fonseca and André Luiz Meleiro Porto
Volume IV
88 Culture-independent Approach-based Mangrove Microbial Ecology Studies
Dinesh Sanka Loganathachetti, Anbu Poosakkannu and Sundararaman Muthuraman
89 Challenges and Triumphs to Genomics-based Microbial Agarase Enzyme Innovations and Applications from Marine Ecosystems
Pallaval Veera Bramhachari, G. Mohana Sheela and A.M.V.N. Prathyusha
90 Desert Actinobacteria: New Promising Source for Natural Product Search and Discovery
Krishnasamy Nithya, Chinnasamy Muthukumar, Dhanasekaran Dharumadurai, Arunachalam Chinnathambi, Sulaiman Ali Alharbi, Naiyf S. Alharbi and Nooruddin Thajuddin
91 Halophilic Bacteria in the Food Industry
Ashokkumar Sekar and Keun Kim
92 Influence of Pretreatment Time in the Sugarcane Bagasse Saccharification by Cellulase Complex Produced by Marine Fungi
Darlisson A. Santos, Marcelo M. Oliveira, Antonio Aprigio S. Curvelo, Luis P. Fonseca and André Luiz M. Porto
93 Marine Actinobacteria as a Source for Emerging Biopharmaceuticals
Kamala, K., P. Sivaperumal, S. Manjunath Kamath, W. Richard Thilagaraj and R. Rajaram
94 Marine Bacteria as a Rich Source of Glycosaminoglycan-degrading Enzymes
Qingdong Zhang, Lin Wei, Jingwen Guan, Kazuyuki Sugahara and Fuchuan Li
95 Marine Cyanobacteria
Amr Badary and Koji Sode
96 Marine Fungi as a Source of Natural Products
Kustiariyah Tarman
97 Marine Cyanobacteria: Applications in Food, Energy, and Pharmaceuticals
Phuong Uyen Le, Thanh Sang Vo and Se-Kwon Kim
98 Medicinal Drug-related Bioactive Agents from Marine Fungi
Kandasamy Saravanakumar, Narayanasamy Rajendren, Kandasamy Kathiresan and Myeong-Hyeon Wang
99 Mangrove Diversity Assessment by Molecular Markers: An Overview
M. Karuppaiya, S. Balamurugan, K. Sivakumar and K. Kathiresan
100 Bioremediation Process by Marine Microorganisms
K. Mohanrasu, R. Guru Raj Rao, Rathinam Raja and A. Arun
101 Marine Photosynthetic Microorganisms: Valuable Compound Production and Bioenergy Applications
Shailendra P. Singh and Rajeshwar P. Sinha
102 Microbial Fermentation for Algal Fertilizer Production
Mingpeng Wang, Peisheng Yan and Xuejiang Wang
103 Non-ribosomal Peptides from Marine-derived Fungi: Chemistry, Bioactivity, and Biosynthesis
Fayrouz El Maddah, Gabriele M. König and Katja M. Fisch
104 Production of Industrial Important Enzymes from Marine Isolates
Ashokkumar Sekar and Keun Kim
105 The Underexploited Bacterial Symbionts of Marine Invertebrates as the Potential Sources of Marine Carotenoids
Ocky Karna Radjasa and Agus Sabdono
106 Tropical Marine Cyanobacterium Lyngbya sordida Producing Toxic Octacosa-1,27-diene Induces Coagulative Hepatic Necrosis and Progressive Glomerulonephritis in Mus musculus
M. Nagarajan, V. Maruthanayagam, K. Meenakshi Sundaram and M. Sundararaman
107 Nanogram and Nanomolar Active Marine Antiplasmodial Antibiotics
Nagarajan Manivel, Sanjeev Kumar Shukla and Sundararaman Muthuraman
108 Polyketide Synthase from Marine Sponge
Siswa Setyahadi
109 Perspectives for Novel Enzyme Discovery from Marine Environments through Genome Mining and Metagenomics
Pallaval Veera Bramhachari, G. Mohana Sheela and Thadikamala Satish
Section IX Pharmaceutical Development
110 Antibacterial Activity of Seaweed-ZnO Composites
Dr. S. Thambidurai and Dr. R. Pandimurugan
111 Antifungal and Antibacterial Agents from Marine Organisms
Rajan Rajabalaya and Sheba Rani David
112 Trends in Development of Marine-based Anti-inflammatory Pharmaceuticals
D. Buddika O. Malaweera and Niluni M. Wijesundara
113 Ascidians: A Potential Resource for Pharmaceutical Development
Velusamy Arumugam, Manigandan Venkatesan, Karthik Ramachandran, Umamaheswari Sundaresan and Saravanan Ramachandran
114 Chitosan and its Derivatives as Potential Biomaterials
Dai-Hung Ngo, Thanh-Sang Vo, Dai-Nghiep Ngo, Nguyen Thi Lien Thuong and Se-Kwon Kim
115 Cytotoxic and Antitumor Compounds from Marine Invertebrates
Harika Atmaca Ilhan and Çisil Çamli Pulat
116 Marine-derived Potential Anti-inflammatory Agents
Maushmi S. Kumar and Vandana B. Patravale
117 Marine-derived Pharmaceuticals for Oncotherapy: Clinical Trial and FDA-approved Compounds
Rashmi H. Prabhu and Vandana B. Patravale
118 Marine-origin Polysaccharides for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: Chitosan and Fucoidan as Illustrative Examples
Lara L. Reys, Simone S. Silva, Catarina Oliveira, Rita Lopez-Cebral, Nuno M. Neves, Albino Martins, Joaquim M. Oliveira, Tiago H. Silva and Rui L. Reis
119 Novel Marine Sources of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods: The Marine Crustacean Krill, Macro‐ and Microalgae
Janet Tou, Christopher Oldaker and Yvonne V. Yuan
Volume V
120 Marine Algal-derived Pharmaceuticals: Potential Anticancer Agents
Sanith Cheriyamundath and V.L. Sirisha
121 Marine Source-derived Anti-HIV Therapeutics
Amit G. Mirani, Tanvi K. Shah and Vandana B. Patravale
122 Marine Biopharmaceuticals - A Retrospective of Molecular Mechanisms
Samiha Tabassum Ghori, Vishaalini Kamali Raja, Uthira Muralitharan, Aathira Maikkara and Ayyavu Mahesh
123 Chitosan and Trimethyl Chitosan (TMC) as Drug Absorption Enhancers: Moving Forward toward Clinical Acceptance
Berglind Eva Benediktsdóttir
Section X Seafood Science
124 Application of Local Proteases to Produce Fish Protein Hydrolysate (FPH) in Indonesia
Yusro Nuri Fawzya and Ekowati Chasanah
125 Allergic Risks Associated with Seafood
Samanta S. Khora
126 Applications of Biotechnology in Seafood Production and Processing
C.S. Ranadheera, P.H.P. Prasanna and J.K. Vidanarachchi
127 Dielectric Properties of Selected Seafood and their Products
L.T. Nguyen, I. Ahmad and N.Y. Jayanath
128 Health Risk Assessment for Radionuclide Contamination in Seafood
P. Sivaperumal, P. Kumar, K. Kamala, Ajit. A. Ambekar, K. Ponnusamy, R. Rajaram and A.K. Pal
129 Indonesian Traditional Fermented Fish Ikan Peda: Processing, Quality, and Utilization Improvements
Giyatmi and Hari Eko Irianto,
130 Improvements in Seafood Products through Recent Technological Advancements in Seafood Processing
Upani Pinnaduwa, Eresha Mendis and Se-Kwon Kim
131 Seafood in the Human Diet for Better Nutrition and Health
Chathurika Jayasekara, Eresha Mendis and Se-Kwon Kim,
132 Seafood By-products: A New Way from Waste to High Added Value in Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics
Ngo Dang Nghia
133 Seafood as Source of Protein-based Functional Foods
Rahmi Nurdiani, Asep Awaludin Prihanto and Muhamad Firdaus
134 Stress in Fish and Application of Carotenoid for Aquafeed as an Antistress Supplement
Toshiki Nakano
135 Recovery of Bioactive Components from Seafood By-products toward Zero-waste Processing
Trang Si Trung, Nguyen Van Hoa, Pham Thi Dan Phuong, Nguyen Cong Minh, Nguyen Thi Hong Mai, Hoang Ngoc Cuong, Phan Thanh Loc and Willem Frans Stevens
136 Traditional and Novel Seafood Processing Techniques Targeting Human Health Promotion
Harshani Nadeeshani, Niranjan Rajapakse and Se-Kwon Kim
137 The Potential of Developing Additives from Marine Bioresources for the Food Industry
Shachini Karunarathne, Eresha Mendis and Se-Kwon Kim
138 Applications of Flow Cytometry in Marine Biotechnology
Teresa Lopes da Silva and Alberto Reis
Section XI Tools for Marine Biotechnology
139 Bioremediation of Marine Effluents and Environments
J. Paniagua-Michel
140 Bioremediation: A Promising Xenobiotics Cleanup Technique
Thandapani Gomathi, M. Saranya, E. Radha, K. Vijayalakshmi, P. Supriya Prasad and P.N. Sudha
141 Future of Mariculture with the Advent of Modern Biotechnology Tools
Dr. T. Charles John Bhaskar
142 In Silico Techniques Used in Marine Biology Research: An Overview
Jitendra Narayan and Rahul Agarwal
143 Innovative Alternative Technology for Fucoxanthin Recovery
Evi Amelia Siahaan and Byung Soo Chun
144 Marine Microorganisms: Tools for Radionuclide Bioremediation
P. Sivaperumal, K. Kamala, S. Manjunath Kamath, P. Kumar, R. Rajaram and W. Richard Thilagaraj
145 Transgenic Fish Technology: Principle and Application
Thomas T. Chen and Maria J. Chen
146 Reproductive Processes of Marine Animals as Biomarker for Environmental Stress Impact
Alessandra Gallo and Elisabetta Tosti
Index
