Apply the latest ASD theory to assessment and intervention in real-world clinical environments
In Autism Spectrum Disorders from Theory to Practice, a team of experienced interventionists deliver a practical application of modern theory regarding autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) to common, real-world clinical situations. Hands-on guidance is paired with advice on culturally appropriate and responsive practices informed by professionals who collectively have over 40 years of combined speech pathology experience.
The work of special contributors like Dr. Pamela Wiley, who is the Founder and President of the Los Angeles Speech and Language Therapy Center, appears alongside evidence-based ASD intervention instruction that draws from the latest studies and from the authors’ assessments and interventions with clients from a diverse range of backgrounds. When combined with the reader’s own professional competence, clinical experiences, and continuing education, this book is a powerful resource that will improve patient outcomes.
Autism Spectrum Disorders readers will also find: - Personal anecdotes from the authors’ clinical practices to help illustrate the application of the concepts discussed within - Active Learning Tasks that educators can use to promote learning activities that encourage direct engagement with the material - Helpful and illustrative diagrams included throughout the text to help elucidate points and clarify information in each chapter - Goal Spotlights that provide sample intervention goals practitioners can use with actual clients with autism - Reflection Letters in which individuals from various perspectives and backgrounds - from autism researchers to developmental psychologists, advocates such as Holly Robinson Peete, and adults thriving with autism - describe their experiences
Autism Spectrum Disorders from Theory to Practice is a useful reference for new and experienced practitioners in the field of autism research, speech-language pathologists, developmental psychologists, adapted physical education teachers, professors, and those affected by ASD in their everyday life.
Table of Contents
About the Authors xi
Introduction xiii
CHAPTER 1 Historical Perspectives of Autism Spectrum Disorder 1
Clinical Consideration 5
Clinical Anecdote 6
A Neurodevelopmental Disorder: Autism and the Brain 6
The Clinical Team: Who and What 7
Neurodiversity 9
Summary 13
Reflections Along the Path 14
Test Questions 15
References 16
Further Readings 17
CHAPTER 2 Indications for Assessment 19
Autism and Assessment of Culturally, Linguistically Diverse Populations 21
Differential Diagnosis 23
Diagnoses Other than Autism 23
Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnostic Team 24
Assessment Tools 26
Autism Specific Formal Screeners and Evaluations 26
Holistic Formal Assessment 27
Informal Assessment 28
The Gender Disparity 29
Comorbidity 30
Clinical Application 32
Caregiver Counseling 34
Goal Setting 37
What Is a SMART Goal? 37
Summary 39
Test Questions 39
References 40
Further Readings 43
CHAPTER 3 Identifying Social Communication Challenges 45
A Note on Cultural Variation 48
Nonverbal Social Communication Challenges 50
Joint Attention 50
Eye Contact 51
Clinical Application 52
Gestures 52
Facial Expressions and Body Language 54
Clinical Application 54
Verbal Social Communication Challenges 55
Tone and Suprasegmental Speech 56
Conversation and Topic Maintenance 56
Executive Function 59
Social Reciprocity and Rapport 60
Obtaining Firsthand Reports 61
Clinical Relevance 61
Reporting on Social Communication Challenges in your Diagnostic Report 62
Including Social Communication Strengths 62
Summary 69
Test Questions 71
References 72
Further Readings 75
CHAPTER 4 Early Intervention and Autism 77
Understanding Neurotypical Development 78
Considering Neurotypical Development 79
Family Involvement 82
Strategies to Promote Parent Engagement 83
Evidence-Based
Approaches 84
Importance of Connection 87
Importance of Playfulness 90
Organization In Therapy 93
Environmental Arrangement 93
The Importance of Interprofessional Collaboration 96
Summary 97
Test Questions 99
References 100
Further Readings 102
CHAPTER 5 School-Age Children Part One: Early Years 103
Transition to School 104
Pre Diagnosis 104
Obtaining a Diagnosis 104
Individualized Family Service Plan 105
Individual Education Plan (IEP) 105
Determining an Appropriate Education Setting 106
Goal Setting 108
Behavioral Supports for Children with Autism in the Classroom 108
Classroom Accommodations 109
Behavioral Shaping Supports 110
Lesson Plans 119
Common School Day Challenges 124
Recess 124
How Can Interventionists Support Children with ASD During Recess? 125
Potential Goals and Interventions 125
What Might This Look Like in Clinical Practice? 126
Transitions 126
How Can Interventionists Support Children with ASD? 126
Potential Goals and Interventions 128
What Might This Look Like in Practice? 128
Literacy Tasks 129
Group Work 130
How Can Interventionists Support Children with ASD? 130
Potential Goals and Interventions 130
What Might This Look Like in Practice? 131
Independent Tasks 132
How Can Interventionists Support Children with ASD? 132
Potential Goals and Interventions 132
What Might This Look Like in Practice? 133
A Note on Supporting Classroom Needs 133
Summary 134
Test Questions 136
References 136
CHAPTER 6 School-Aged Children Part Two: The Later Years 139
Parents and the Adolescent Revolution 141
Setting the Tone for Success 141
Video Modeling and Autism Spectrum Disorder 145
Adolescence and Pragmatic Considerations 149
Top Adolescent Social Skills Concerns and Solutions 152
Developing Social Targets 154
Neurodiversity Considerations 154
Common Social Targets for Adolescents with Autism 155
Relationships, Gender, and Sex 158
Adolescent Girls and Menstruation 159
Engaging Community 160
Summary 161
Test Questions 163
True or false? 163
References 164
Further Readings 166
CHAPTER 7 Autism and Adulthood 167
Introduction 167
Autism, Adults, and Current Knowledge 169
My Journey with Autism 175
Client Profile 1 176
Client Profile 2 176
Client Profile 3 176
The Process of Strengthening: Parent Perspectives 177
Centered on Transition 178
Adults And Cultural Considerations 179
Autism Is a Label: It Does Not Define Your Potential 179
The Importance of Environment 181
Shifting Mindset from Job to Meaningful Employment 182
Evidence-Based
Approaches 183
Core Treatment Areas 184
Our Collective Rewards 192
Summary 193
Test Questions 197
References 197
Further Readings 201
CHAPTER 8 Autism and Echolalia 203
Echolalia 101 203
Stages of Gestalt Language Acquisition 206
Types of Echolalia 207
Considering Functionality 208
Interactional (Fully Functional) Echolalia 209
Non-Interactional
(Limited Functionality) Echolalia 209
Therapeutic Action Plan 210
Working to be Direct 211
Teaching a Client to Pause 213
Bringing Reality and Relevance to Echolalic Production 215
Jumping into Character 216
Summary 218
Test Questions 220
References 221
Further Readings 223
CHAPTER 9 Autism and Social Justice 225
Cultural Competence and Autism Spectrum Disorder 226
The Intersection of Social Justice and Autism 231
Access to Services as a Social Justice Issue 232
How Can Clinicians Make a Difference for Clients? 233
Understanding Others’ Perspectives and Nonverbal Cues 233
Making Predictions 233
Following Directions 234
Social Skills Groups 235
Hard Truths: Cases to Explore 235
When Individuals with Autism Encounter Law Enforcement 238
Summary 239
Test Questions 239
References 239
Further Readings 241
CHAPTER 10 Autism and Augmentative and Alternative Communication 243
Nonverbal and Minimally Verbal Clients With Autism 244
Types of Augmentative and Alternative Communication 245
High-Tech
Options 245
Low and No Tech Options 245
Intervention Suggestions 249
Introducing Augmentative and Alternative Communication 250
Caregiver Buy-in and Cultural Considerations 251
Intervention Considerations 252
Incorporating Peer Models 255
Environmental Arrangement 255
Summary 259
Test Questions 261
References 262
Further Readings 264
CHAPTER 11 Scope of Practice Considerations and Service Delivery Models 265
Communication Consideration 267
Service Delivery Models 268
Training Programs 268
Mediated Intervention Approaches 269
Individual or Group Services 270
Intervention Setting 272
Pull-Out Services 273
Push-In Services 273
Seven Steps for Successful Collaboration in the School Setting 274
In-Home Services 275
Telepractice 277
Tips for Engaging Clients with Autism in Telepractice 280
More Practical Intervention Suggestions 280
Hybrid Approach 281
Summary 281
Test Questions 283
References 284
Further Readings 287
CHAPTER 12 Autism and the Parent: Reaching Across the Table 289
The Role of Disparity 289
The Role of Mental Health 293
Cultural Considerations 295
Autism and Cultural Experience 297
African-American, Black 297
Asian-American 298
Hispanic 298
Creating Opportunities to Provide Knowledge 299
Sample Key 301
Methods of Treatment 302
Questions and Sharing Growth and Experiences 305
Engaging Parents in the Group Setting 305
Caregiver Centered Evidence-Based Approaches 307
Shifting Parent Perspectives: Creating a Winning Mentality 308
Summary 309
Final Reflection 311
Test Questions 311
References 313
Further Readings 316
Glossary 317
Answers to Test Questions 321
Index 327
