Learn to treat dental patients with disabilities or who are medically compromised
A Practical Approach to Special Care in Dentistry delivers a comprehensive and robust overview of special care dentistry reflecting the most common compromised clinical conditions dentists will regularly encounter. It discusses more than 50 topics based on real-world clinical cases focusing on two main areas: patients with disabilities and medically compromised patients.
The book uses a problem-based learning approach and helps the reader to apply knowledge in a clinical case context. Each chapter contains a case report establishing the main risk factors relating to the provision of dental treatment. That is followed by a practical and realistic set of adaptations for the reader to follow to minimise the rate and severity of potential complications for their patient. The book also includes:
- A thorough introduction to patients with disabilities, including physical disabilities, like cerebral palsy and epilepsy, and cognitive impairments, like Down’s Syndrome
- Comprehensive explorations of the treatment of medically compromised patients, like those with infectious diseases, endocrine diseases, hepatorenal disease, and cardiovascular disease
- Practical discussions of other special patient situations, like those with allergies, antiresorptive and antiangiogenic drugs, terminal patients, underhoused patients, and pregnant or breastfeeding patients
Perfect for general dentists, undergraduate students of odontology, and graduate students of special care dentistry, A Practical Approach to Special Care in Dentistry is also a must-read resource for dental specialists in special care dentistry, hospital odontology, geriatric odontology, oral surgery, and dental hygienists.
Table of Contents
About the Authors ix
List of Contributors x
Preface xiii
1 Physical Disability 1
1.1 Cerebral Palsy 1
1.2 Epilepsy 8
1.3 Muscular Dystrophy 17
2 Cognitive Impairment 24
2.1 Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) 24
2.2 Autism Spectrum Disorders 31
2.3 Down Syndrome 38
3 Sensory Impairment 47
3.1 Visual Deficit 47
3.2 Auditory Deficit 54
4 Infectious Diseases 61
4.1 Tuberculosis 61
4.2 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection/AIDS 68
4.3 Viral Hepatitis 77
5 Endocrine Diseases 85
5.1 Diabetes Mellitus 85
5.2 Hypothyroidism 94
5.3 Hyperthyroidism 101
6 Hepatorenal Diseases 108
6.1 Hepatic Cirrhosis 108
6.2 Chronic Kidney Disease (Dialysis) 115
7 Bone Diseases 125
7.1 Osteoporosis 125
7.2 Paget Disease 132
7.3 Rheumatoid Arthritis 137
8 Cardiovascular Diseases 146
8.1 Arterial Hypertension 146
8.2 Angina Pectoris 156
8.3 History of Myocardial Infarction 164
8.4 Carrier of Coronary Pacemaker 172
8.5 Carrier of Valvular Prosthesis 181
8.6 Carrier of Coronary Stent 190
9 Respiratory Disease 196
9.1 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) 196
9.2 Asthma 205
10 Bleeding Disorders 216
10.1 Haemophilia 216
10.2 Treatment with Heparin 229
10.3 Treatment with Warfarin (Acenocoumarol) 238
10.4 Treatment with Direct Oral Anticoagulants 247
10.5 Treatment with Antiplatelets 254
11 Blood Dyscrasias 263
11.1 Thalassaemia 263
11.2 Sickle Cell Anaemia 271
11.3 Neutropenia 279
11.4 Thrombocytopenia 286
11.5 Leukaemias 293
11.6 Lymphoma 304
11.7 Bone Marrow Transplantation 314
12 Immunosuppression 323
12.1 Systemic Corticosteroids 323
12.2 Antineoplastic Agents (Chemotherapy) 332
12.3 Immunosuppressants (Solid Organ Transplantation) 346
13 Head and Neck Cancer 358
13.1 Surgery 358
13.2 Radiation Therapy 366
13.3 Oral Cancer Survivor 374
14 Neurological Disorders and Strokes 382
14.1 Alzheimer Disease 382
14.2 Parkinson Disease 391
14.3 Multiple Sclerosis 400
14.4 Motor Neuron Disease 409
14.5 Stroke 418
15 Psychiatric Disorders 428
15.1 Anxiety and Phobia 428
15.2 Depression 439
15.3 Schizophrenia 448
15.4 Recreational Drug Use 457
15.5 Alcoholism 468
16 Other Special Considerations 477
16.1 Allergies 477
16.2 Antiresorptive and Antiangiogenic Drugs 486
16.3 Pregnancy and Breastfeeding 497
16.4 Bariatric Patients 504
16.5 Homelessness 513
16.6 End of Life 521
Appendix 529
Appendix A Case Mix Model 529
Appendix B Common Oral Manifestations of Systemic Diseases 530
Appendix C American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status Classification System 533
Appendix D Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 534
Appendix E WHO Three- step Ladder for Pain Relief 535
Appendix F Medical Conditions Associated with Increased Bleeding Risk 536
Appendix G Classes of Drugs Associated with Increased Bleeding Risk 537
Appendix H Bleeding Risk Associated with Dental Procedures 538
Appendix I Topical Haemostatic Agents for Invasive Dental Procedures 539
Index 541
