BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Enables readers to understand basic concepts, design, and implementation of battery management systems
Battery Management System and its Applications is an all-in-one guide to basic concepts, design, and applications of battery management systems (BMS), featuring industrially relevant case studies with detailed analysis, and providing clear, concise descriptions of performance testing, battery modeling, functions, and topologies of BMS.
In Battery Management System and its Applications, readers can expect to find information on:
- Core and basic concepts of BMS, to help readers establish a foundation of relevant knowledge before more advanced concepts are introduced
- Performance testing and battery modeling, to help readers fully understand Lithium-ion batteries
- Basic functions and topologies of BMS, with the aim of guiding readers to design simple BMS themselves
- Some advanced functions of BMS, drawing from the research achievements of the authors, who have significant experience in cross-industry research
Featuring detailed case studies and industrial applications, Battery Management System and its Applications is a must-have resource for researchers and professionals working in energy technologies and power electronics, along with advanced undergraduate/postgraduate students majoring in vehicle engineering, power electronics, and automatic control.
Table of Contents
Preface xiii
About the Authors xv
Part I Introduction 1
1 Why Does a Battery Need a BMS? 3
1.1 General Introduction to a BMS 3
1.2 Example of a BMS in a Real System 5
1.3 System Failures Due to the Absence of a BMS 7
2 General Requirements (Functions and Features) 11
2.1 Basic Functions of a BMS 11
2.2 Topological Structure of a BMS 16
3 General Procedure of the BMS Design 19
3.1 Universal Battery Management System and Customized Battery Management System 19
3.2 General Development Flow of the Power Battery Management System 21
Part II Li-Ion Batteries 27
4 Introduction to Li-Ion Batteries 29
4.1 Components of Li-Ion Batteries: Electrodes, Electrolytes, Separators, and Cell Packing 29
4.2 Li-Ion Electrode Manufacturing 31
4.3 Cell Assembly in an Li-Ion Battery 32
4.4 Safety and Cost Prediction 33
5 Schemes of Battery Testing 37
5.1 Battery Tests for BMS Development 37
5.2 Capacity and the Charge and Discharge Rate Test 41
5.3 Discharge Rate Characteristic Test 44
5.4 Charge and Discharge Equilibrium Potential Curves and Equivalent Internal Resistance Tests 46
5.5 Battery Cycle Test 49
5.6 Phased Evaluation of the Cycle Process 58
6 Test Results and Analysis 67
6.1 Characteristic Test Results and Their Analysis 67
6.2 Degradation Test and Analysis 80
7 Battery Modeling 101
7.1 Battery Modeling for BMS 101
7.2 Common Battery Models and Their Deficiencies 102
7.3 External Characteristics of the Li-Ion Power Battery and Their Analysis 105
7.4 A Power Battery Model Based on a Three-Order RC Network 110
7.5 Model Parameterization and Its Online Identification 117
7.6 Battery Cell Simulation Model 124
Part III Functions of BMS 133
8 Battery Monitoring 135
8.1 Discussion on Real Time and Synchronization 135
8.2 Battery Voltage Monitoring 139
8.3 Battery Current Monitoring 145
8.4 Temperature Monitoring 149
9 SoC Estimation of a Battery 153
9.1 Different Understandings of the SoC Definition 153
9.2 Classical Estimation Methods 158
9.3 Difficulty in an SoC Estimation 162
9.4 Actual Problems to Be Considered During an SoC Estimation 166
9.5 Estimation Method Based on the Battery Model and the Extended Kalman Filter 169
9.6 Error Spectrum of the SoC Estimation Based on the EKF 177
10 Charge Control 193
10.1 Introduction 193
10.2 Charging Power Categories 196
10.3 Charge Control Methods 198
10.4 Effect of Charge Control on Battery Performance 203
10.5 Charging Circuits 204
10.6 Infrastructure Development and Challenges 209
10.7 Isolation and Safety Requirement for EC Chargers 211
11 Balancing/Balancing Control 213
11.1 Balancing Control Management and Its Significance 213
11.2 Classification of Balancing Control Management 218
11.3 Review and Analysis of Active Balancing Technologies 221
11.4 Balancing Strategy Study 226
11.5 Two Active Balancing Control Strategies 234
11.6 Evaluation and Comparison of Balancing Control Strategies 245
12 State of Health (SoH) Estimation of a Battery 257
12.1 Definition and Indices/Parameters of SoH 257
12.2 Modeling of Battery Degradation (Aging) and SoH Estimation 265
12.3 Battery Degradation Diagnosis for EVs 278
13 Communication Interface for BMS 291
13.1 BMS Communication Bus and Protocols 293
13.2 Higher-Layer Communication Protocols 298
13.3 A Case Study: Universal CiA EnergyBus for a Low-Emission Vehicle (LEV) 299
14 Battery Lifecycle Information Management 301
14.1 Data Type of Power Battery 301
14.2 Vehicle Instrument Data Display 302
14.3 Battery Data Transmission Mode 306
14.4 Information Concerning a Full-Power Battery Lifecycle 311
14.5 Storage and Analysis of Historical Information of a Battery 316
14.6 Battery Detection System Based on a Mobile Terminal 320
Part IV Case Studies 327
15 BMS for an E-Bike 329
15.1 Balancing 329
15.2 Battery Pack Design for an E-Bike 331
15.3 Methodology 333
15.4 Active Balancing Solutions 337
15.5 Test Results 341
15.6 Possibility with Active Balancing 349
15.7 Results and Evaluation 349
16 BMS for a Fork-Lift 353
16.1 Lithium-Iron-Phosphate Batteries for Fork-Lifts 353
16.2 Battery Management Systems for Fork-Lifts 355
16.3 The LIONIC Battery System for Truck Applications 356
16.4 Application 357
16.5 The Usable Energy Li-Ion Traction Batteries 359
17 BMS for a Minibus 363
17.1 Internal Resistance Analysis of a Power Battery System and Discharging Strategy Research of Vehicles 361
17.2 Consistency Evaluation Research of a Power Battery System 377
17.3 Safety Management and Protection of a Power Battery System 386
Index 389
