Explore modern characterization methods and new applications in this modern overview of supramolecular polymer chemistry
Supramolecular Polymers and Assemblies: From Synthesis to Properties and Applications delivers a superlative summary and description of general concepts and definitions in the field. The book offers informative and accessible treatments of crucial concepts like metal-containing compounds, hydrogen bonding, ionic interactions, pi-pi stacking, and more.
Characterization remains a primary focus of the book throughout, making it extremely useful for practitioners in the field. Emphasis is also placed on metallo-supramolecular polymers and materials which have found applications in areas like smart or intelligent materials and systems with special photochemical and photophysical properties, like LEDs and solar cells. Applications, including self-healing materials, opto-electronics, sensing, and catalysis are all discussed as well.
The book details many of the exciting developments in the field of supramolecular chemistry that have occurred since the 1987 Nobel Prize was awarded to pioneers in this rapidly developing field. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of:
- A thorough introduction to supramolecular assemblies based on ionic interactions
- Explorations of supramolecular polymers based on hydrogen-bonding interactions, metal-to-ligand interactions, p-Electronic interactions, crown-ether recognition, cucurbiturils, and host-guest chemistry of calixarenes
- A discussion of cyclodextrins in the field of supramolecular polymers
- Examinations of supramolecular polymers based on the host-guest chemistry of pillarenes, and those formed by orthogonal non-covalent interactions
- A treatment of the characterization of supramolecular polymers
Supramolecular Polymers and Assemblies: From Synthesis to Properties and Applications will earn a place in the libraries of researchers and practitioners of the material science, as well as polymer chemists seeding a one-stop reference for supramolecular polymers.
Table of Contents
Preface xi
Abbreviations xiii
About the Authors xix
1 Supramolecular Polymers: General Considerations 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Classification Schemes 2
1.3 Supramolecular Polymerization Mechanisms 4
1.4 Beyond Classical Supramolecular Polymerization 20
1.5 Concluding Remarks 22
2 Supramolecular Assemblies Based on Ionic Interactions 29
2.1 General Aspects 29
2.2 Basic Binding Modes and Discrete Model Assemblies 30
2.3 Supramolecular Polymers, Based on Ionic Interactions 35
2.4 Concluding Remarks 52
3 Supramolecular Polymers, Based on Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions 57
3.1 General Aspects 57
3.2 From H-Bonding Interactions to Supramolecular Polymers 63
3.3 Conclusion Remarks 107
4 Supramolecular Polymers, Based on Metal-to-Ligand Interactions 117
4.1 General Aspects 117
4.2 Synthesis and Design Principles 119
4.3 Linear Metallo-supramolecular Polymers 121
4.4 Concluding Remarks 176
5 Supramolecular Polymers, Based on Π - Electronic Interactions 195
5.1 General Aspects 195
5.2 Columnar Supramolecular Polymers, Based on Π - Π Stacking Interactions 197
5.3 From Π - Π Stacking to Advanced Donor--Acceptor-Type Charge--Transfer Interactions 209
5.4 From Charge--Transfer to Π-Electronic Ion-Pairing Interactions 213
5.5 Linear Supramolecular Polymers, Based on Π-Electronic Interactions 218
5.6 Conclusion and Outlook 232
6 Supramolecular Polymers, Based on Crown Ether Recognition 239
6.1 General Aspects 239
6.2 From Crown Ether Molecular Recognition Toward Supramolecular Polymers 240
6.3 Mechanical Interlocking: From Pseudorotaxanes to Rotaxanes 258
6.4 Poly(pseudo)rotaxanes, Derived from Preformed Polymers 263
6.5 Supramolecular Amphiphiles 266
6.6 Concluding Remarks 269
7 Supramolecular Polymers, Based on Cucurbiturils 275
7.1 General Aspects 275
7.2 Interactions of CB[n]s with Small Organic Guest Molecules 276
7.3 Supramolecular Polymers Incorporating CB[n] Units 278
7.4 Concluding Remarks 295
8 Supramolecular Polymers, Based on the Host--Guest Chemistry of Calixarenes 301
8.1 General Aspects 301
8.2 Calixarene-Based Supramolecular Polycaps 302
8.3 Supramolecular Polymers Featuring Vacant Calixarene Scaffolds 309
8.4 Supramolecular Polymers, Formed by Host--Guest Interactions 311
8.5 Beyond Classical Calix[n]arenes: Calix[4]pyrroles 322
8.6 Miscellaneous Supramacromolecular Assemblies, Based on Calixarenes 327
8.7 Concluding Remarks 337
9 Cyclodextrins in the Field of Supramolecular Polymers 343
9.1 General Aspects 343
9.2 Cyclodextrins and Supramolecular Polymers 344
9.3 End-Capping: From Polypseudorotaxanes to Polyrotaxanes 362
9.4 Polymerization of Pre-assembled Pseudorotaxanes 364
9.5 Supramolecular Polymerization, Based on CD Recognition 368
9.6 Amphiphilic Supramolecular Diblock Copolymers 375
9.7 Concluding Remarks 379
10 Supramolecular Polymers, Based on the Host--Guest Chemistry of Pillarenes 387
10.1 General Aspects 387
10.2 Host--Guest Complexation Between Pillarenes and Linear Polymers 389
10.3 Supramolecular Polymers, Derived from Pillarene-based Host--Guest Interactions 391
10.4 Hyperbranched and Cross-linked Assemblies 401
10.5 Supramolecular Assemblies, Based on Amphiphilic Pillar[5]arenes 405
10.6 Concluding Remarks 410
11 Supramolecular Polymers, Formed by Orthogonal Non-covalent Interactions 415
11.1 Introduction 415
11.2 Orthogonal Combinations of Supramolecular Interactions Involving Metal-to-Ligand Coordination 417
11.3 Orthogonal Combinations of Supramolecular Interactions Involving H-Bonding 428
11.4 Miscellaneous Orthogonal Combinations of Supramolecular Interactions 438
11.5 Biomimetic Orthogonal Self-Assembly: Protein Recognition 443
11.6 Concluding Remarks 447
12 Characterization of Supramolecular Polymers 453
12.1 Introduction 453
12.2 Estimation of the Molar Mass from the Theories of Supramolecular Polymer Science 454
12.3 Size-Exclusion Chromatography 460
12.4 Viscometry 463
12.5 Light Scattering 465
12.6 Vapor Pressure Osmometry 467
12.7 Analytical Ultracentrifugation 468
12.8 NMR Spectroscopy 470
12.9 Mass Spectrometry 475
12.10 Microscopy Imaging 476
12.11 Small/Wide-Angle X-Ray Scattering 484
12.12 X-Ray Crystallography 486
12.13 Small-Angle Neutron Scattering 487
12.14 Asymmetric Flow Field-Flow Fractionation 490
12.15 Taylor Dispersion Analysis 492
12.16 They Are Very Complex Structures but Totally Timely… 494
References 495
Index 503
