The second edition was to be written in order to keep both reader and student current in incident management. This was grounded in the fact that incident management systems are continually developing. These updates are needed to ensure the most recent and relevant information is provided to the reader.
While the overall theme of the book will remain the same of the first edition, research and research-based case studies will be used to support the need for utilizing emergency incident management systems. Contemporary research in the use (and non-use) of an incident management system provides clear and convincing evidence of successes and failures in managing emergencies. This research provides areas where first responders have misunderstood the scope and use of an emergency incident management system and what the outcomes were. Contemporary and historical (research-based) case studies in the United States and around the globe have shown the consequences of not using emergency incident management systems, including some that led to increased suffering and death rates. Research-based case studies from major incidents will be used to show the detrimental effects of not using or misunderstanding these principles. One of the more interesting chapters in the new edition is what incident management is used around the world.
Table of Contents
List of plates/figures/maps (include only where adds value to reader or requested by publisher)
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the book
Emergency Incident Management Systems i
Emergency Incident Management Systems: ii
Introduction xix
Chapter 1 1
Introduction 1
The Revolutionary War 3
The Big Burn of 1910 5
The Military Connection 10
The Birth of IMS Method 14
No single person in charge 15
No formal protocols or policies 16
Conflicts and ego’s 17
Integrating multijurisdictional response 17
No collaborative organizational structure 18
Strictly enforced intra-agency command structure 18
Command based on home rule 19
Too many subordinates reporting to a single supervisor 19
Lack of accountability 19
No interagency planning 20
Lack of common terminology 21
A lack of interoperable communications 21
A lack of logistics 21
California’s Solution 22
Creating the Incident Command System 23
Evolution of IMS Methods 24
The “Big Three” of IMS 27
The Melding of the IMS Concepts of Today 27
The National Incident Management System (NIMS) 29
Presidential Directives 31
The NIMS Mandate 33
NIMS Updates/Changes (2008) and Training 35
NIMS Updates (2017) 38
Conclusion 38
Chapter 1 Quiz 40
Chapter 2 42
A Case Study of Incident Management 42
The Lifecycle of an Incident 42
Common Attributes of an Incident 43
The Importance of Knowledge and Experience 44
Case Study: Tokyo vs. Oklahoma City 45
Tokyo Subway Attack 46
Oklahoma City Bombing 50
Comparing and Contrasting these Incidents 61
Command 61
Control 62
Cooperation 64
Collaboration 66
Communications 68
Conclusions 70
Chapter 2 Quiz 72
Chapter 3 75
Incident Management in Other Countries 75
The United Nations 75
Australia 77
Bermuda 78
Burma/Myanmar 79
Bangladesh 79
Cambodia 82
Canada 82
China 83
Germany 83
Haiti 85
India 87
Indonesia 88
Iran 89
Iraq 91
Japan 92
Maldives 93
Malaysia 94
Mexico 94
New Zealand 94
Palestine 96
Philippine Islands 97
Singapore 99
United Kingdom 99
Vietnam 104
Other International Uses 104
Chapter 3 Quiz 106
Chapter 4 108
The Five C’s of Crisis (or incident) Management 108
Command 108
Situational Awareness 110
Control 112
Communications 115
Responder Communication Problems 115
Terminology 115
Interoperability 116
Current Communications Facilitation 116
Integrated Responder Communications 118
Creating a Communications Unit for Responders 119
Radio Networks 119
Stakeholder Communications 120
Government Stakeholders 121
Media Stakeholders 122
Social Media 123
Local Utility Companies 124
Local Businesses 125
Civic Organization and Advocacy Groups 126
Houses of Worship 127
Volunteer Organizations 128
Communications wrap-up 129
Cooperation and Coordination in the State of Illinois 131
Private Sector Cooperation and Coordination 133
Strengthening Intelligence/Information Sharing with Coordination and Cooperation 133
Cooperation and Coordination during an Active Incident 135
Joint Information Center-Cooperation and Coordination 135
Liaison Officer-Cooperation and Coordination 137
Agency Representative(s)-Cooperation and Coordination 138
Chapter 4 quiz 143
Chapter 5 145
The National Incident Management System (NIMS) 145
NIMS method Guiding Principles 146
Flexibility 146
Standardization 146
Unity of Effort 147
Key Terms and Definitions 148
Understanding Comprehensive, Flexible, and Adaptable 149
Comprehensive 150
Flexible 151
Adaptable 152
NIMS Components 153
The Importance of Preparedness with NIMS 154
Cycle of Preparedness as a part of NIMS incident management 154
NIMS Drills and Exercises to Support Preparedness 155
Seminar 156
Tabletop Exercise (TTX) 157
Games 158
Drills 159
Functional Exercises (FE’s) 159
Full-Scale Exercises (FSE’s) 160
NIMS Method of Resource Management Preparedness 163
*Identifying and Typing Resources* 171
*NIMS Method of Resource Management Response and Recovery* 174
*Identify the resource* 175
*Order and acquire the resource* 175
*Mobilize the resource* 175
*Track and report resources* 176
*Demobilize and reimburse the resource* 176
*Restock resource(s) in an incident* 176
*NIMS Multiagency Coordination Systems* 177
*Emergency Operations Centers (EOC)* 177
Conclusion 187
Chapter 5 Quiz 190
Chapter 6 194
An overview of The Incident Command System 194
Taking Control with ICS 195
Common Components of Incident Management Systems 200
The ICS component of NIMS 201
Incident Management System and NIMS Integration 204
Common Terminology 204
Modular organization 206
Integrated communications 207
Consolidated incident action plans 208
Manageable span of control 208
Predesignated incident facilities 209
Comprehensive resource management 209
Conclusion 209
Chapter 6 Quiz 212
Chapter 7 215
Command Staff, General Staff, and their Functions 215
Incident Commander (IC) 215
Unified Command 216
Command Staff 218
Safety Officer (SOFR) Function 220
Public Information Officer (PIO) 220
Liaison Officer (LOFR) 222
Investigations and Intelligence Gathering Officer (IO) alternative placement 223
General Staff 225
Hierarchal Structure (Figure 7.3) 226
Operations Section Chief (OSC) 226
Logistic Section Chief (LSC) 231
Planning Section Chief (PSC) 232
Finance/Administration Section Chief (FSC) 236
Investigations/Intelligence Section Chief (ISC) alternative placement 238
Expanding the Hierarchal Structure 239
Modular Organization Supports ICS Expansion 240
Organizational Flexibility 241
Conclusion 242
Chapter 7 Quiz 244
Chapter 8 247
Expanding the Operations Section 247
Operations Section 247
Operations Branches, Divisions/Groups, Strike Teams/Task Forces 250
Branches 250
Additional Branch Considerations 252
Divisions/Groups 257
Single Resources 259
Strike Team 260
Task Force 261
Conclusion 261
Chapter 8 Quiz 264
Chapter 9 267
Expanding Logistics 267
Logistics Section Expansion 267
Logistics Branch Structure 268
Support Branch 268
Service Branch 275
Chapter 9 Quiz 306
Chapter 10 308
Expanding Planning and Intelligence 308
Planning and Intelligence Modular Expansion 308
Situation Unit 310
Resources Unit 320
The Documentation Unit 326
The Demobilization Unit 332
Two Optional Units 338
Chapter 10 Quiz 341
Chapter 11 344
Expanding Finance and Administration 344
Time Unit 359
Chapter 11 Quiz 363
Chapter 12 366
ICS Investigations and Intelligence (I/I 366
Historical Overview 367
More than Law Enforcement 369
Investigations and Intelligence Gathering (I/I) Information Sharing 371
Placement Consideration of Investigations and Intelligence Gathering (I/I) 373
Investigations and Intelligence Gathering (I/I) as Command Staff 374
Investigations and Intelligence Gathering (I/I) as General Staff 375
Investigations and Intelligence Gathering (I/I) in the Operations Section 400
Investigations and Intelligence Gathering (I/I) in the Planning Section 402
Conclusion 402
Chapter 12 Quiz 405
Chapter 13 408
The Agency Administrator, Common Agency Representatives, and a Basic Overview of the Planning Process 408
The Agency Administrator 408
Agency Administrator Representatives 410
An Overview of the ICS Planning Process 417
Initial Understanding of the Situation 424
Establishing Incident Objectives and Strategies 425
Develop a Plan 426
Prepare and Disseminate the Plan 427
Chapter 13 Quiz 430
Chapter 14 433
Management by Objectives-SMART Goals 433
Underlying Factors for Determining Incident Objectives and Strategies 436
Establishing Immediate Incident Objective Priorities 437
Management by Objectives 445
Writing Goals and Objectives for the Incident Action Plan 447
* Management by Objective for never-ending incidents * 451
The Importance of SMART Objectives in the Planning Process 453
Chapter 14 Quiz 455
Chapter 15 458
The Planning P-In Depth 458
The Beginning of the Incident and Notifications 458
Initial Response and Assessment 459
Incident Briefing-Preparing for a Transfer of Command 464
Delegation of Authority (DOA) 468
Delegation of Authority Briefing 470
Transfer of Command 475
Initial Incident Command/Unified Command Meeting 477
Establish Core Planning Meeting Principles for the Incident 477
Facilitating (Ongoing) Meetings 478
Initial or Ongoing? 482
Incident Command Objective Meeting 483
The Command and General Staff Meeting 484
Preparations for the Ongoing Command and General Staff Meeting 492
The (ongoing) Command Staff and General Staff Meeting 499
The Tactics Meeting 504
Preparing for the Planning Meeting 509
Incident Action Plan Preparation and Approval 511
Printing the Incident Action Plan 515
Chapter 15 Quiz 530
Chapter 16 532
Integrating Incident Management into Hospitals 532
Hospital Emergency Incident Command System (HEICS) 532
HICS 536
HICS Does Work for Incident Management 541
Joplin MO Tornado 542
The Fundamental Elements of HICS 546
Chain of Command 549
Command and General Staff 549
HICS Operations Section 550
Staging Manager 551
Medical Care Branch Director 551
Infrastructure Branch Director 553
Security Branch Director 553
Hazmat Branch Director 556
Business Continuity Branch Director 556
Patient Family Assistance Branch Director 558
HICS Planning Section 560
HICS Logistics Section 560
The Planning P/The HICS Planning Process 563
Emergency Operations Plan 566
An All-Hazards Plan 568
Who Should Create the Emergency Operations Plan (EOP)? 569
Patient management 580
Logistics 581
Finance and Emergency Spending Authorizations 583
Resource Management 583
Donations Management (solicited and unsolicited) 584
Infrastructure Management (building, grounds, utilities, damage assessment) 584
Evacuation 585
Safety and Security 586
Coordination with external agencies 588
Conclusion 594
Chapter 16 Quiz 597
