It's more than a century since scientists first identified the ionosphere, the layer of the Earth’s upper atmosphere that is ionized by solar and cosmic radiation. Our understanding of this dynamic part of the near-Earth space environment has greatly advanced in recent years thanks to new observational technologies, improved numerical models, and powerful computing capabilities.
Ionosphere Dynamics and Applications provides a comprehensive overview of historic developments, recent advances, and future directions in ionospheric research.
Volume highlights include:
- Behavior of the ionosphere in different regions from the poles to the equator - Distinct characteristics of the high-, mid-, and low-latitude ionosphere - Observational results from ground- and space-based instruments - Ionospheric impacts on radio signals and satellite operations - How earthquakes and tsunamis on Earth cause disturbances in the ionosphere
The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Table of Contents
List of Contributors vii
Preface xi
Part I: The Polar Cap and Auroral Ionosphere 1
1 Magnetospheric Energy Input to the Ionosphere 3
Cheryl Huang
2 High Latitude Ionospheric Convection 21
Stephen E. Milan and Adrian Grocott
3 Multiscale Dynamics in the High-Latitude Ionosphere 49
Yukitoshi Nishimura, Yue Deng, Larry R. Lyons, Ryan M. McGranaghan, and Matthew D. Zettergren
4 Recent Advances in Polar Cap Density Structure Research 67
Shasha Zou, Gareth W. Perry, and John C. Foster
5 Polar Cap O+ Ion Outflow and Its Impact on Magnetospheric Dynamics 83
Binzheng Zhang and Oliver J. Brambles
Part II: The Subauroral and Midlatitude Ionosphere 115
6 Ionospheric Storm-Enhanced Density Plumes 117
John C. Foster, Shasha Zou, Roderick A. Heelis, and Philip J. Erickson
7 Ion Outflow and Lobe Density: Interhemispheric Asymmetries 127
Stein Haaland, Bjørn Lybekk, Lukas Maes, Karl Magnus Laundal, Arne Pedersen, Paul Tenfjord, Anders Ohma, Nikolai Østgaard, Jone Reistad, and Kristian Snekvik
8 Mesoscale and Small-Scale Structure of the Subauroral Geospace 139
Evgeny Mishin and Anatoly Streltsov
Part III: The Low-Latitude Ionosphere 159
9 Equatorial Ionospheric Electrodynamics 161
Bela G. Fejer and Astrid Maute
10 Theory and Modeling of Equatorial Spread F 185
Joe D. Huba
11 Observations of Equatorial Spread F: A Working Hypothesis 201
Roland T. Tsunoda
12 The Equatorial Electrojet 281
Hermann Lühr, Patrick Alken, and Yun-Liang Zhou
13 Equatorial Ionization Anomaly Variations During Geomagnetic Storms 301
Xiaoli Luan
Part IV: Global Ionospheric Processes 313
14 Penetration of the Magnetospheric Electric Fields to the Low Latitude Ionosphere 315
Takashi Kikuchi
15 Ionosphere and Thermosphere Coupling at Mid- and Subauroral Latitudes 339
Shun-Rong Zhang
16 Sudden Stratospheric Warming Impacts on the Ionosphere-Thermosphere System: A Review of Recent Progress 369
Larisa P. Goncharenko, V. Lynn Harvey, Huixin Liu, and Nicholas M. Pedatella
17 Ionospheric Dynamics and Their Strong Longitudinal Dependences 401
Endawoke Yizengaw
18 Medium-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances 421
Yuichi Otsuka
Part V: Ionospheric Impacts on Applications 439
19 Ionospheric Effects on HF Radio Wave Propagation 441
Manuel A. Cervera, Trevor J. Harris, David A. Holdsworth, and David J. Netherway
20 Ionospheric Scintillation Effects on Satellite Navigation 493
Seebany Datta-Barua, Eric Altshuler, Todd Walter, and Sam Pullen
21 Ionospheric Disturbances Related to Earthquakes 511
Kosuke Heki
22 Atmospheric and Ionospheric Disturbances Caused by Tsunamis 527
Michael P. Hickey
Index 543
