The alarming level of greenhouse gases in the environment, fast depleting natural resources and the increasing level of industrial effluents, have made every single manufacturing activity come under the scrutiny of sustainability. When all kinds of waste such as clothes, furniture, carpets, televisions, shoes, paper, food wastes etc. end up in the landfill, only a few of them are naturally decomposed and thus a large majority remains as non-biodegradable. It is for this reason, efforts are concentrated to reduce the burden on earth by this waste, and as far as used textile products are concerned, there are now attempts to recycle or up-cycle. This book addresses the role of sustainability by using textile waste in fashion and textiles with respect to manufacturing, materials, as well as the economic and business challenges and opportunities it poses.
This wide-ranging book comprises 19 chapters on the various topics including:
· Solutions for sustainable fashion and textile industry
· Agro and bio waste in the fashion industry
· Innovating fashion brands by using textile waste
· Waste in handloom textiles
· Business paradigm shifting: 21st century fashion from recycling and upcycling
· Utilization of natural waste for sustainable textile coloration
· Circular economy in fashion and textile from waste
· Future pathways of waste utilization for fashion
· Sustainable encapsulation of natural dyes from Plant waste for textiles
· Agro-waste applications for bio-remediation of textile effluent
Table of Contents
Preface xxi
1 Overview on Recycling from Waste in Fashion and Textiles: A Sustainable and Circular Economic Approach 1
Pintu Pandit, Kunal Singha, Sanjay Shrivastava and Shakeel Ahmed
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Importance of Recycling 3
1.3 Challenges in Designing With Post-Consumer Clothing and Benefits of Recycling 4
1.4 The Market for Upcycled Fashion Garments 6
1.5 Recycling Fashion Manufacturers 6
1.6 Sustainable Fibers and Technologies in Textiles and Fashions 7
1.7 The Circular Economy 9
1.8 The Main Characteristic of the Economy 9
1.9 Eco-Labels Concerning Bringing Sustainability 12
1.10 Technological and Sustainable Measures Under Fashion Industry 13
1.11 Consumer Consciousness Along With Corporate Social Obligation 13
1.12 Sharing Economy and Collaborative Consumption 14
1.13 Technological Amendments in Textiles Making It More User Friendly and Environment Friendly 15
1.14 Conclusions 16
2 Challenges for Waste in Fashion and Textile Industry 19
Jayant Kumar, Kunal Singha, Pintu Pandit, Subhankar Maity and Amal Ray
2.1 Introduction 20
2.1.1 Annual Global Fiber Consumption (2000-2012) 21
2.2 Major Challenges in Managing Textile and Fashion Wastages 24
2.3 Usage of Renewable Resources to the Maximum 29
2.4 Increase the Life of the Product 29
2.5 Conclusions 31
3 Solutions for Sustainable Fashion and Textile Industry 33
Ritu Pandey, Pintu Pandit, Suruchi Pandey and Sarika Mishra
3.1 Introduction 34
3.2 Sustainable Fashion Industry and Green Solutions 35
3.3 Recyclable Used Clothing 44
3.4 Obstacles of Fashion Reuse Businesses 46
3.5 Solutions for Sustainable Textile Industry 47
3.6 Key Points of Counter Measures for Sustainability in Textile Industry 49
3.7 Textile Waste 57
3.8 Use of Textile Production House By-Products, Chemicals, and Water 58
3.9 Textile Industry Effluent and Sludge Treatment Processes 60
3.10 Recent Trends in Wastewater Treatment 62
3.11 International Framework of Environmental Standards, Regulations, and Labels for Sustainability 64
3.12 Conclusion 69
4 Opportunities of Agro and Biowaste in Fashion Industry 73
Seiko Jose, Lata Samant, Archana Bahuguna and Pintu Pandit
4.1 Introduction 74
4.2 Agro/Biowaste for Textiles 75
4.3 Agro/Biowastes for Textile Manufacturing 79
4.4 Agro/Biowastes for Textile Wet Processing 84
4.5 Conclusion 94
5 Innovating Opportunities for Fashion Brands by Using Textile Waste for Better Fashion 101
Vandana Gupta, Madhvi Arora and Jasmine Minhas
5.1 Introduction 102
5.2 Textile and Apparel Industry 103
5.3 Carbon Foot Prints and Waste Generation From Textile and Apparel Industries 105
5.4 Fashion Brands Working Towards Sustainability Using Textile Waste 109
5.5 Conclusion 117
6 Challenges and Opportunities of Waste in Handloom Textiles 123
Pintu Pandit, Sanjay Shrivastava, Sankar Roy Maulik, Kunal Singha and Lokesh Kumar
6.1 Introduction 124
6.2 History of Handloom Textile Industry 126
6.3 Types of Weaving Traditions 127
6.4 Approaches to Rejuvenate the Handloom Weavers 129
6.5 The Performance-Based Factors for Handloom Sector 129
6.6 Challenges for Handloom Textile Waste 131
6.7 Opportunities Towards Handloom Textile Sector 131
6.8 Unraveling the Weaver’s Scenarios: A Case Study on Bhagaiya, Jharkhand 132
6.9 Opportunities for Handloom Weavers Using Natural Resources 139
6.10 Conclusions 147
7 Business Paradigm Shifting: Opportunities in the 21st Century on Fashion From Recycling and Upcycling 151
Pintu Pandit, Kunal Singha, Lokesh Kumar, Sanjay Shrivastava and Vinayak Yashraj
7.1 Introduction 152
7.2 Importance of Recycling 152
7.3 Fast Fashion and Slow Fashion Consumers 154
7.4 Impact of Fast Fashion in the Development of Sustainable Materials 155
7.5 Sustainable Fabrics 156
7.6 Challenges in Designing With Post-Consumer Clothes 158
7.7 Market for Recycled Fashion Garments 159
7.8 Indian Upcycling/Recycling Brands: Case Study 160
7.9 International Upcycling/Recycling Brands: Case Study 161
7.10 Fashion Designers: Keeping Textiles and Fashion Alive 164
7.11 Future Prospective for the Fashion Illustration 166
7.12 Current and Future Scope of Industry 170
7.13 Conclusions 174
8 Sustainability in Fashion and Textile 177
Pintu Pandit, Bhagyashri N. Annaldewar, Akanksha Nautiyal, Saptarshi Maiti and Kunal Singha
8.1 Introduction 177
8.2 Sustainability 178
8.3 Environmental and Social Impacts of Textile and Fashion Industry 180
8.4 Sustainability in Fashion and Textiles 182
8.5 Sustainable Solutions in Textile and Fashion 182
8.6 Advance Technologies 188
8.7 Eco-Labeling 189
8.8 Barriers in Sustainable Fashion and Textiles 190
8.9 Economic Issues and Product Design 190
8.10 Sustainable Fashion Fibers 190
8.11 Technological and Sustainable Measures Under the Fashion Industry 193
8.12 Conclusions 194
9 Sustainable Strategies From Waste for Fashion and Textile 199
Kunal Singha, Pintu Pandit, Subhankar Maity, Rajni Srivasatava and Jayant Kumar
9.1 Introduction 199
9.2 Sustainable Fashion for Brands 203
9.3 Sustainability and Internal Organization-Marketing Strategies 204
9.4 Conclusions 210
10 Utilization of Natural Waste for Textile Coloration - Innovative Approach for Sustainability 215
Pradnya Prashant Ambre and Pintu Pandit
10.1 Introduction 216
10.2 Natural Dyes for Their Soothing Shades 218
10.3 Research Studies for Potential Use of Natural Colorants 220
10.4 Functional Health Care Properties of Natural Dyes and Natural Mordants 222
10.5 Innovative Approach Towards Utilization of Natural Waste 225
10.6 Conclusion 230
11 Circular Economy in Fashion and Textile From Waste 235
Subhankar Maity, Kunal Singha, Pintu Pandit and Amal Ray
11.1 Introduction 236
11.2 Linear Economy 236
11.3 Shortcomings of Linear Economy 238
11.4 Circular Economy 238
11.5 Principles of Circular Economy 241
11.6 Conclusion 248
12 Marketing Strategies for Upcycling and Recycling of Textile and Fashion 253
Suruchi Pandey, Pintu Pandit, Ritu Pandey and Sanjay Pandey
12.1 Introduction 253
12.2 Marketing Mix 255
12.3 Market Analysis 259
12.4 Marketing Strategies for Upcycling and Recycling Textile and Fashion 263
12.5 Innovative Ways to Market 268
12.6 Conclusions 273
13 Economical and Sustainable Price Sensitive Fashion and Apparels Marketplace 277
M. D. Teli, Pintu Pandit and Kunal Singha
13.1 Introduction 278
13.2 Sustainable Business Strategies for Fashion Industry 278
13.3 Materials and Methods 280
13.4 Low-Cost Sustainable Upcycling Based on Waste Natural Resources 289
13.5 The Sustainable Fashion Communication Model 290
13.6 Marketing Landscape of Low Cost Fashion and Apparel Consumable Products 291
13.7 Conclusions 295
14 Sustainability Innovations Coupled in Textile and Fashion 299
Vikas Kumar, Kunal Singha, Pintu Pandit, Jayant Kumar and Subhankar Maity
14.1 Introduction 299
14.2 Life Cycle Perspective 300
14.3 Sustainability in Textile Industry 306
14.4 Future Textiles for Space Age Materials 315
14.5 Conclusions 317
15 Future Mobilizations and Paths of Waste - Towards Best Solution 321
Subhankar Maity, Manoj Kumar Mondal, Pintu Pandit and Kunal Singha
15.1 Introduction 322
15.2 Waste Management Hierarchy 323
15.3 Textile Materials 325
15.4 Circular Economy/Zero Waste 327
15.5 Energy from Waste Strategies 336
15.6 Challenges 337
15.7 Conclusions 337
16 Golden Fiber Jute: A Treasurable Sustainable Material 341
Amarish Dubey, Vinay Kumar Chauhan, Ritu Pandey, Mayank Manjul Dubey and Sanjoy Debnath
16.1 Introduction 342
16.2 Jute Cultivation, Distribution, and Production 343
16.3 Indian Jute Industry: An Overview of Glitches and Compensations 345
16.4 Environmental Aspects of Jute 346
16.5 Traditional Applications of Jute 347
16.6 Scientific Mechanical Applications of Jute 348
16.7 Electrical and Electrochemical Applications of Jute 349
16.8 Geotextile Application of Jute 350
16.9 Agro Textile Application of Jute 350
16.10 Medical Textiles Applications of Jute 351
16.11 Jute as a Replacement of Wood 352
16.12 Jute Paper Pulp 353
16.13 Bioenergy Application of Jute 353
16.14 Value Addition of Jute Fibers 355
16.15 Conclusion 356
17 Sustainable Isolation of Natural Dyes from Plant Wastes for Textiles 363
Shahid Adeel, Nimra Amin, Fazal-ur-Rehman, Tanvir Ahmad, Fatima Batool and Atya Hassan
17.1 Introduction 364
17.2 Classification of Natural Dyes 364
17.3 Medicinal Uses of Natural Colorants 364
17.4 Mordanting of Natural Dye 376
17.5 Chemical Mordanting 377
17.6 Biomordanting 377
17.7 Recent Advances Used in Natural Dyes 378
17.8 Different Plant Source of Natural Dyes 381
17.9 Conclusion 385
18 Agro-Waste Applications for Bioremediation of Textile Effluents 391
Shumaila Kiran, Tanvir Ahmad, Tahsin Gulzar, Asma Ashraf, Syed Ali Raza Naqvi and Saba Naz
18.1 Introduction 392
18.2 Wastewater Treatment 392
18.3 Agro-Waste Materials 393
18.4 Kinds of Agro-Waste Materials 395
18.5 Conclusion 412
19 An Insight Into Herbal-Based Natural Dyes: Isolation and Applications 423
Shahid Adeel, Mahwish Salman, Ameer Fawad Zahoor, Muhammad Usama and Nimra Amin
19.1 Introduction 424
19.2 Classification of Natural Dye 424
19.3 Extraction of Natural Dye 426
19.4 Mordanting 427
19.5 Herbal-Based Dye Yielding Plants 428
19.6 Conclusion 448
References 448
Index 457
