+353-1-416-8900REST OF WORLD
+44-20-3973-8888REST OF WORLD
1-917-300-0470EAST COAST U.S
1-800-526-8630U.S. (TOLL FREE)

Plastic Granulator Global Market Insights 2023, Analysis and Forecast to 2028, by Manufacturers, Regions, Technology, Product Type

  • PDF Icon

    Report

  • 108 Pages
  • July 2023
  • Region: Global
  • Prof Research
  • ID: 5848389
Description Jump to:

Quick Summary:

Unlock the comprehensive insights into the Plastic Granulator market with our detailed and data-driven market research report. Grasping the pivotal role that this industry plays in the modern economy, this report provides rich information, rigorous analysis, and actionable insights that equip businesses with the knowledge necessary to make informed strategic decisions.

In an ever-changing technological and economic landscape, deeply understanding your market is key. Our report not only sheds light on supply, demand, major players, and pricing across various regions such as North America, Asia & Pacific, Europe, and MEA, but also includes an in-depth SWOT analysis, sales volume, revenue, price, and gross margin for each competitor. To ensure a robust and complete comprehension of the market, we've focused on varied types of Plastic Granulator including Double Angle Cut, Chevron Cut, and Helical Cut.

Our market research report provides you with detailed insight and industry perspective, giving you a competitive advantage and empowering your strategic decision making. Equip your business with the intelligence it needs to flourish, as the Plastic Granulator market continues to evolve.

This report describes the global market size of Plastic Granulator from 2018 to 2022 and its CAGR from 2018 to 2022, and also forecasts its market size to the end of 2028 and its CAGR from 2023 to 2028.

For the geography segment, regional supply, demand, major players, price is presented from 2018 to 2028.

This report covers the following regions:

  • North America
  • South America
  • Asia & Pacific
  • Europe
  • MEA
The key countries for each region are also included such as the United States, China, Japan, India, Korea, ASEAN, Germany, France, UK, Italy, Spain, CIS, and Brazil etc.

For the competitor segment, the report includes global key players of Plastic Granulator as well as some small players.

The information for each competitor includes:

  • Company Profile
  • Main Business Information
  • SWOT Analysis
  • Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin
  • Market Share

Types Segment:

  • Double Angle Cut
  • Chevron Cut
  • Helical Cut

Companies Covered:

  • ILLIG
  • NEUE HERBOLD
  • Sofraden
  • MAIN TECH
  • Franklin Miller Inc.
  • Conair
  • HOSOKAWA
  • Wittmann
  • DREHER
  • ROTOGRAN
Base Year: 2023
Historical Data: from 2018 to 2022
Forecast Data: from 2023 to 2028


This product will be delivered within 1-3 business days.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Executive SummaryChapter 2 Abbreviation and Acronyms
Chapter 3 Preface
3.1 Research Scope
3.2 Research Sources
3.2.1 Data Sources
3.2.2 Assumptions
3.3 Research Method
Chapter 4 Market Landscape
4.1 Market Overview
4.2 Classification/Types
4.3 Application/End Users
Chapter 5 Market Trend Analysis
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Drivers
5.3 Restraints
5.4 Opportunities
5.5 Threats
5.6 Covid-19 Impact
Chapter 6 Industry Chain Analysis
6.1 Upstream/Suppliers Analysis
6.2 Plastic Granulator Analysis
6.2.1 Technology Analysis
6.2.2 Cost Analysis
6.2.3 Market Channel Analysis
6.3 Downstream Buyers/End Users
Chapter 7 Latest Market Dynamics
7.1 Latest News
7.2 Merger and Acquisition
7.3 Planned/Future Project
7.4 Policy Dynamics
Chapter 8 Trading Analysis
8.1 Export of Plastic Granulator by Region
8.2 Import of Plastic Granulator by Region
8.3 Balance of Trade
Chapter 9 Historical and Forecast Plastic Granulator Market in North America (2018-2028)
9.1 Plastic Granulator Market Size
9.2 Plastic Granulator Demand by End Use
9.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
9.4 Type Segmentation and Price
9.5 Key Countries Analysis
9.5.1 United States
9.5.2 Canada
9.5.3 Mexico
Chapter 10 Historical and Forecast Plastic Granulator Market in South America (2018-2028)
10.1 Plastic Granulator Market Size
10.2 Plastic Granulator Demand by End Use
10.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
10.4 Type Segmentation and Price
10.5 Key Countries Analysis
10.5.1 Brazil
10.5.2 Argentina
10.5.3 Chile
10.5.4 Peru
Chapter 11 Historical and Forecast Plastic Granulator Market in Asia & Pacific (2018-2028)
11.1 Plastic Granulator Market Size
11.2 Plastic Granulator Demand by End Use
11.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
11.4 Type Segmentation and Price
11.5 Key Countries Analysis
11.5.1 China
11.5.2 India
11.5.3 Japan
11.5.4 South Korea
11.5.5 Southeast Asia
11.5.6 Australia
Chapter 12 Historical and Forecast Plastic Granulator Market in Europe (2018-2028)
12.1 Plastic Granulator Market Size
12.2 Plastic Granulator Demand by End Use
12.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
12.4 Type Segmentation and Price
12.5 Key Countries Analysis
12.5.1 Germany
12.5.2 France
12.5.3 United Kingdom
12.5.4 Italy
12.5.5 Spain
12.5.6 Belgium
12.5.7 Netherlands
12.5.8 Austria
12.5.9 Poland
12.5.10 Russia
Chapter 13 Historical and Forecast Plastic Granulator Market in MEA (2018-2028)
13.1 Plastic Granulator Market Size
13.2 Plastic Granulator Demand by End Use
13.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
13.4 Type Segmentation and Price
13.5 Key Countries Analysis
13.5.1 Egypt
13.5.2 Israel
13.5.3 South Africa
13.5.4 Gulf Cooperation Council Countries
13.5.5 Turkey
Chapter 14 Summary For Global Plastic Granulator Market (2018-2023)
14.1 Plastic Granulator Market Size
14.2 Plastic Granulator Demand by End Use
14.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
14.4 Type Segmentation and Price
Chapter 15 Global Plastic Granulator Market Forecast (2023-2028)
15.1 Plastic Granulator Market Size Forecast
15.2 Plastic Granulator Demand Forecast
15.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
15.4 Type Segmentation and Price Forecast
Chapter 16 Analysis of Global Key Vendors
16.1 ILLIG
16.1.1 Company Profile
16.1.2 Main Business and Plastic Granulator Information
16.1.3 SWOT Analysis of ILLIG
16.1.4 ILLIG Plastic Granulator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.2 NEUE HERBOLD
16.2.1 Company Profile
16.2.2 Main Business and Plastic Granulator Information
16.2.3 SWOT Analysis of NEUE HERBOLD
16.2.4 NEUE HERBOLD Plastic Granulator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.3 Sofraden
16.3.1 Company Profile
16.3.2 Main Business and Plastic Granulator Information
16.3.3 SWOT Analysis of Sofraden
16.3.4 Sofraden Plastic Granulator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.4 MAIN TECH
16.4.1 Company Profile
16.4.2 Main Business and Plastic Granulator Information
16.4.3 SWOT Analysis of MAIN TECH
16.4.4 MAIN TECH Plastic Granulator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.5 Franklin Miller Inc.
16.5.1 Company Profile
16.5.2 Main Business and Plastic Granulator Information
16.5.3 SWOT Analysis of Franklin Miller Inc.
16.5.4 Franklin Miller Inc. Plastic Granulator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.6 Conair
16.6.1 Company Profile
16.6.2 Main Business and Plastic Granulator Information
16.6.3 SWOT Analysis of Conair
16.6.4 Conair Plastic Granulator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.7 HOSOKAWA
16.7.1 Company Profile
16.7.2 Main Business and Plastic Granulator Information
16.7.3 SWOT Analysis of HOSOKAWA
16.7.4 HOSOKAWA Plastic Granulator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.8 Wittmann
16.8.1 Company Profile
16.8.2 Main Business and Plastic Granulator Information
16.8.3 SWOT Analysis of Wittmann
16.8.4 Wittmann Plastic Granulator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.9 DREHER
16.9.1 Company Profile
16.9.2 Main Business and Plastic Granulator Information
16.9.3 SWOT Analysis of DREHER
16.9.4 DREHER Plastic Granulator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.10 ROTOGRAN
16.10.1 Company Profile
16.10.2 Main Business and Plastic Granulator Information
16.10.3 SWOT Analysis of ROTOGRAN
16.10.4 ROTOGRAN Plastic Granulator Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Tables and Figures
Table Abbreviation and Acronyms List
Table Research Scope of Plastic Granulator Report
Table Data Sources of Plastic Granulator Report
Table Major Assumptions of Plastic Granulator Report
Figure Market Size Estimated Method
Figure Major Forecasting Factors
Figure Plastic Granulator Picture
Table Plastic Granulator Classification
Table Plastic Granulator Applications List
Table Drivers of Plastic Granulator Market
Table Restraints of Plastic Granulator Market
Table Opportunities of Plastic Granulator Market
Table Threats of Plastic Granulator Market
Table Covid-19 Impact For Plastic Granulator Market
Table Raw Materials Suppliers List
Table Different Production Methods of Plastic Granulator
Table Cost Structure Analysis of Plastic Granulator
Table Key End Users List
Table Latest News of Plastic Granulator Market
Table Merger and Acquisition List
Table Planned/Future Project of Plastic Granulator Market
Table Policy of Plastic Granulator Market
Table 2018-2028 Regional Export of Plastic Granulator
Table 2018-2028 Regional Import of Plastic Granulator
Table 2018-2028 Regional Trade Balance
Figure 2018-2028 Regional Trade Balance
Table 2018-2028 North America Plastic Granulator Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 North America Plastic Granulator Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 North America Plastic Granulator Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 North America Plastic Granulator Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 North America Plastic Granulator Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 North America Plastic Granulator Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 North America Plastic Granulator Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 North America Plastic Granulator Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 United States Plastic Granulator Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 United States Plastic Granulator Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Canada Plastic Granulator Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Canada Plastic Granulator Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Mexico Plastic Granulator Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Mexico Plastic Granulator Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 South America Plastic Granulator Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 South America Plastic Granulator Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 South America Plastic Granulator Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 South America Plastic Granulator Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 South America Plastic Granulator Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 South America Plastic Granulator Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 South America Plastic Granulator Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 South America Plastic Granulator Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 Brazil Plastic Granulator Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Brazil Plastic Granulator Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Argentina Plastic Granulator Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Argentina Plastic Granulator Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Chile Plastic Granulator Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Chile Plastic Granulator Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Peru Plastic Granulator Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Peru Plastic Granulator Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Plastic Granulator Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Plastic Granulator Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Plastic Granulator Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Plastic Granulator Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 Asia & Pacific Plastic Granulator Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 Asia & Pacific Plastic Granulator Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Plastic Granulator Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 Asia & Pacific Plastic Granulator Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 China Plastic Granulator Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 China Plastic Granulator Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 India Plastic Granulator Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 India Plastic Granulator Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Japan Plastic Granulator Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Japan Plastic Granulator Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 South Korea Plastic Granulator Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 South Korea Plastic Granulator Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Southeast Asia Plastic Granulator Market Size List
Table 2018-2028 Southeast Asia Plastic Granulator Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Southeast Asia Plastic Granulator Import List
Table 2018-2028 Southeast Asia Plastic Granulator Export List
Table 2018-2028 Australia Plastic Granulator Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Australia Plastic Granulator Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Europe Plastic Granulator Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 Europe Plastic Granulator Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 Europe Plastic Granulator Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 Europe Plastic Granulator Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 Europe Plastic Granulator Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 Europe Plastic Granulator Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 Europe Plastic Granulator Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 Europe Plastic Granulator Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 Germany Plastic Granulator Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Germany Plastic Granulator Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 France Plastic Granulator Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 France Plastic Granulator Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 United Kingdom Plastic Granulator Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 United Kingdom Plastic Granulator Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Italy Plastic Granulator Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Italy Plastic Granulator Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Spain Plastic Granulator Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Spain Plastic Granulator Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Belgium Plastic Granulator Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Belgium Plastic Granulator Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Netherlands Plastic Granulator Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Netherlands Plastic Granulator Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Austria Plastic Granulator Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Austria Plastic Granulator Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Poland Plastic Granulator Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Poland Plastic Granulator Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Russia Plastic Granulator Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Russia Plastic Granulator Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 MEA Plastic Granulator Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 MEA Plastic Granulator Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 MEA Plastic Granulator Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 MEA Plastic Granulator Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 MEA Plastic Granulator Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 MEA Plastic Granulator Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 MEA Plastic Granulator Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 MEA Plastic Granulator Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 Egypt Plastic Granulator Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Egypt Plastic Granulator Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Israel Plastic Granulator Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Israel Plastic Granulator Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 South Africa Plastic Granulator Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 South Africa Plastic Granulator Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Gulf Cooperation Council Countries Plastic Granulator Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Gulf Cooperation Council Countries Plastic Granulator Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Turkey Plastic Granulator Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Turkey Plastic Granulator Import & Export List
Table 2018-2023 Global Plastic Granulator Market Size List by Region
Table 2018-2023 Global Plastic Granulator Market Size Share List by Region
Table 2018-2023 Global Plastic Granulator Market Volume List by Region
Table 2018-2023 Global Plastic Granulator Market Volume Share List by Region
Table 2018-2023 Global Plastic Granulator Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 Global Plastic Granulator Demand Market Share List by Application
Table 2018-2023 Global Plastic Granulator Key Vendors Sales List
Table 2018-2023 Global Plastic Granulator Key Vendors Sales Share List
Figure 2018-2023 Global Plastic Granulator Market Volume and Growth Rate
Table 2018-2023 Global Plastic Granulator Key Vendors Revenue List
Figure 2018-2023 Global Plastic Granulator Market Size and Growth Rate
Table 2018-2023 Global Plastic Granulator Key Vendors Revenue Share List
Table 2018-2023 Global Plastic Granulator Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 Global Plastic Granulator Demand Market Share List by Type
Table 2018-2023 Regional Plastic Granulator Price List
Table 2023-2028 Global Plastic Granulator Market Size List by Region
Table 2023-2028 Global Plastic Granulator Market Size Share List by Region
Table 2023-2028 Global Plastic Granulator Market Volume List by Region
Table 2023-2028 Global Plastic Granulator Market Volume Share List by Region
Table 2023-2028 Global Plastic Granulator Demand List by Application
Table 2023-2028 Global Plastic Granulator Demand Market Share List by Application
Table 2023-2028 Global Plastic Granulator Key Vendors Sales List
Table 2023-2028 Global Plastic Granulator Key Vendors Sales Share List
Figure 2023-2028 Global Plastic Granulator Market Volume and Growth Rate
Table 2023-2028 Global Plastic Granulator Key Vendors Revenue List
Figure 2023-2028 Global Plastic Granulator Market Size and Growth Rate
Table 2023-2028 Global Plastic Granulator Key Vendors Revenue Share List
Table 2023-2028 Global Plastic Granulator Demand List by Type
Table 2023-2028 Global Plastic Granulator Demand Market Share List by Type
Table 2023-2028 Plastic Granulator Regional Price List
Table ILLIG Information
Table SWOT Analysis of ILLIG
Table 2018-2023 ILLIG Plastic Granulator Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 ILLIG Plastic Granulator Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 ILLIG Plastic Granulator Market Share
Table NEUE HERBOLD Information
Table SWOT Analysis of NEUE HERBOLD
Table 2018-2023 NEUE HERBOLD Plastic Granulator Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 NEUE HERBOLD Plastic Granulator Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 NEUE HERBOLD Plastic Granulator Market Share
Table Sofraden Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Sofraden
Table 2018-2023 Sofraden Plastic Granulator Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Sofraden Plastic Granulator Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Sofraden Plastic Granulator Market Share
Table MAIN TECH Information
Table SWOT Analysis of MAIN TECH
Table 2018-2023 MAIN TECH Plastic Granulator Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 MAIN TECH Plastic Granulator Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 MAIN TECH Plastic Granulator Market Share
Table Franklin Miller Inc. Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Franklin Miller Inc.
Table 2018-2023 Franklin Miller Inc. Plastic Granulator Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Franklin Miller Inc. Plastic Granulator Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Franklin Miller Inc. Plastic Granulator Market Share
Table Conair Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Conair
Table 2018-2023 Conair Plastic Granulator Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Conair Plastic Granulator Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Conair Plastic Granulator Market Share
Table HOSOKAWA Information
Table SWOT Analysis of HOSOKAWA
Table 2018-2023 HOSOKAWA Plastic Granulator Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 HOSOKAWA Plastic Granulator Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 HOSOKAWA Plastic Granulator Market Share
Table Wittmann Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Wittmann
Table 2018-2023 Wittmann Plastic Granulator Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Wittmann Plastic Granulator Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Wittmann Plastic Granulator Market Share
Table DREHER Information
Table SWOT Analysis of DREHER
Table 2018-2023 DREHER Plastic Granulator Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 DREHER Plastic Granulator Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 DREHER Plastic Granulator Market Share
Table ROTOGRAN Information
Table SWOT Analysis of ROTOGRAN
Table 2018-2023 ROTOGRAN Plastic Granulator Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 ROTOGRAN Plastic Granulator Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 ROTOGRAN Plastic Granulator Market Share

Companies Mentioned

  • ILLIG
  • NEUE HERBOLD
  • Sofraden
  • MAIN TECH
  • Franklin Miller Inc.
  • Conair
  • HOSOKAWA
  • Wittmann
  • DREHER
  • ROTOGRAN

Methodology

Loading
LOADING...

Related Topics

Related Reports

Rotor Type Plastic Granulator Global Market Insights 2024, Analysis and Forecast to 2029, by Manufacturers, Regions, Technology, Product Type - Product Image

Rotor Type Plastic Granulator Global Market Insights 2024, Analysis and Forecast to 2029, by Manufacturers, Regions, Technology, Product Type

  • Report
  • 90 Pages
  • Global
From
Industrial Shredder Machines - Global Strategic Business Report - Product Image

Industrial Shredder Machines - Global Strategic Business Report

  • Report
  • 522 Pages
  • Global
From
Dry Granulation Machine Global Market Insights 2024, Analysis and Forecast to 2029, by Manufacturers, Regions, Technology, Product Type - Product Image

Dry Granulation Machine Global Market Insights 2024, Analysis and Forecast to 2029, by Manufacturers, Regions, Technology, Product Type

  • Report
  • 102 Pages
  • Global
From
Industrial Shredder Machines Market by Product, Material, Drive Type, End-User - Global Forecast 2025-2030 - Product Image

Industrial Shredder Machines Market by Product, Material, Drive Type, End-User - Global Forecast 2025-2030

  • Report
  • 184 Pages
  • Global
From
Metal Shredder Machine Global Market Report 2024 - Product Image

Metal Shredder Machine Global Market Report 2024

  • Report
  • 200 Pages
  • Global
From
Copyright © 2002-2024 Research and Markets. All Rights Reserved.