Understand a vital new bioanalytical technique with this comprehensive introduction to measuring temperature on the cellular scale
Most organisms have highly controlled body temperatures, fluctuations in which are therefore sensitive indicators of changes in body function. In recent years, the development of fluorescent molecular thermometers and related intracellular temperature probes has enabled researchers to track these fluctuations at the cellular rather than the organismic level, opening up a whole new field of study in cell and molecular biology.
Intracellular Thermometry with Fluorescent Molecular Thermometers provides bioanalytical researchers with an introduction to these technologies and their current and future applications. Starting off with a discussion of temperature as a key factor in biological regulation, it provides an authoritative overview of available fluorescent temperature probes, their characteristics and potential applications.
Intracellular Thermometry with Fluorescent Molecular Thermometers readers will also find: - Step by step instructions for constructing an intracellular thermometry experiment and validating results - Comprehensive discussion of existing applications - A vision for the future development of thermal biology as an independent discipline
Authored by a pioneer in the field of intracellular thermometry, Intracellular Thermometry with Fluorescent Molecular Thermometers is ideal for researchers in analytical chemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, biophysics, or any related subjects.
Table of Contents
Preface ix
1 Temperature for Living Things 1
1.1 Temperature of Individuals 2
1.2 Responses to Temperature Variation at the Cellular Level 11
1.3 Significance of Intracellular Thermometry 13
References 14
2 Fluorescent Molecular Thermometers 17
2.1 The Basics of Fluorescence 18
2.2 Responses of Fluorescent Molecular Thermometers 19
2.3 Small Organic Molecules Involving Intersystem Crossing 21
2.4 Small Organic Molecules with a Rotating Substituent Group 25
2.5 Reactive Small Organic Molecules 36
2.6 Viscosity-Sensitive Small Organic Molecules 38
2.7 Other Small Organic Molecules 39
2.8 Organometallic Complexes 41
2.9 Excimers and Exciplexes 49
2.10 Host-guest Interactions 54
2.11 Synthetic Polymers 57
2.12 Nucleic Acids (DNA and RNA) 76
2.13 Peptides 79
2.14 Fluorescent Proteins 79
2.15 Non-covalent Systems Based on Thermo-responsive Self-assembly and an Environment-sensitive Fluorophore 81
2.16 Inorganic Nanomaterials 84
2.17 Hybrid Nanomaterials 95
References 97
3 Intracellular Thermometry with Fluorescent Molecular Thermometers 109
3.1 Early Attempts for Cellular Thermometry 109
3.2 Introduction of Fluorescent Molecular Thermometers into a Living Cell 112
3.3 Cytotoxicity Assessment 121
3.4 Practice of Intracellular Thermometry with Fluorescent Molecular Thermometers 126
3.5 Intracellular Thermometry with Organelle-targeted Fluorescent Molecular Thermometers 146
3.6 Intracellular Thermometry of Brown Adipocytes 156
3.7 Application of Intracellular Thermometry in Various Biological Fields 163
References 175
4 Cellular Thermometry Based on Non-fluorometric Principles 183
4.1 Infrared Thermometry 185
4.2 Photoacoustic Thermometry 186
4.3 Raman Thermometry 188
4.4 Use of Transmission Spectroscopy 191
4.5 Thermocouple 193
4.6 Resonant Thermal Sensor 197
4.7 Bimaterial Microcantilever 199
4.8 Thermistor 200
References 202
5 Reliability Issue in Intracellular Thermometry 205
5.1 Sensitivity and Temperature Resolution 205
5.2 Functional Independency of Fluorescent Molecular Thermometers 208
5.3 Preparation of a Calibration Curve of Fluorescent Molecular Thermometers 212
5.4 Objection to Endogenous Thermogenesis 215
5.5 Possible Artifacts in Near-infrared Luminescent Thermometry and Proposal for Reliable Thermometry 233
References 236
6 Applications of Intracellular Thermometry 241
6.1 Creation of New Biological Concepts 241
6.2 In vivo Temperature Measurements 242
6.3 Thermal Medicine at a Single-cell Level 250
6.4 Utilization of Nanoheater/Fluorescent Thermometer Hybrids in Biotechnology 258
6.5 Accurate Measurements of Absolute Intracellular Temperature 262
6.6 Simultaneous Monitoring of Intracellular Temperature and the Concentration of a Chemical Species Related to a Temperature Variation Inside a Living Cell 263
6.7 Intracellular Thermometry of Plant Cells 266
References 268
Appendix 1 Review and Feature Articles on Fluorescent Molecular Thermometers and Intracellular Thermometry in General 273
Appendix 2 Comprehensive Collection of Fluorescent Polymeric Thermometers Based on the Combination of a Thermo responsive Polymer and an Environment-sensitive Fluorophore 275
Appendix 3 Comprehensive Collection of Fluorescent Nanogel Thermometers Based on the Combination of a Thermo-responsive Polymer and an Environment-sensitive Fluorophore 295
Appendix 4 Comprehensive Collection of Non-covalent Fluorescent Temperature Sensing Systems Based on the Combination of a Thermo-responsive Polymer and an Environment-sensitive Fluorescent Compound 301
Appendix 5 Comprehensive Collection of Fluorescent Polymeric Logic Gates Based on the Combination of a Thermo-responsive Polymer and an Environment-sensitive Fluorophore 307
Appendix 6 Solid Inorganic Nanostructures Showing Temperature dependent Emission Properties 321
Appendix 7 Tips for Intracellular Thermometry with Fluorescent Polymeric Thermometers Developed in the Author’s Laboratory 323
Index 325
