The Global Market for Thermal Management Materials and Systems 2025-2035

1.1 Thermal management
1.1.1 Active
1.1.2 Passive
1.2 Thermal Management Systems
1.2.1 Immersion Cooling Systems for Data Centers
1.2.2 Battery Thermal Management for Electric Vehicles
1.2.3 Heat Exchangers for Aerospace Cooling
1.2.4 Air Cooling Systems
1.2.5 Liquid Cooling Systems
1.2.6 Vapor Compression Systems
1.2.7 Spray Cooling Systems
1.2.8 Hybrid Cooling Systems
1.2.8.1 Hybrid Liquid-to-Air Cooling
1.2.8.2 Hybrid Liquid-to-Liquid Cooling
1.2.8.3 Hybrid Liquid-to-Refrigerant Cooling
1.2.8.4 Hybrid Refrigerant-to-Refrigerant Cooling
1.3 Main types of thermal management materials and technologies

2.1 What are thermal interface materials (TIMs)?
2.1.1 Types
2.1.2 Thermal conductivity
2.2 Comparative properties of TIMs
2.3 Advantages and disadvantages of TIMs, by type
2.4 Prices
2.5 Thermal greases and pastes
2.6 Thermal gap pads
2.7 Thermal gap fillers
2.8 Thermal adhesives and potting compounds
2.9 Metal-based TIMs
2.9.1 Solders and low melting temperature alloy TIMs
2.9.2 Liquid metals
2.9.3 Solid liquid hybrid (SLH) metals
2.9.3.1 Hybrid liquid metal pastes
2.9.3.2 SLH created during chip assembly (m2TIMs)
2.10 Carbon-based TIMs
2.10.1 Multi-walled nanotubes (MWCNT)
2.10.1.1 Properties
2.10.1.2 Application as thermal interface materials
2.10.2 Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)
2.10.2.1 Properties
2.10.2.2 Application as thermal interface materials
2.10.3 Vertically aligned CNTs (VACNTs)
2.10.3.1 Properties
2.10.3.2 Applications
2.10.3.3 Application as thermal interface materials
2.10.4 BN nanotubes (BNNT) and nanosheets (BNNS)
2.10.4.1 Properties
2.10.4.2 Application as thermal interface materials
2.10.5 Graphene
2.10.5.1 Properties
2.10.5.2 Application as thermal interface materials
2.10.5.2.1 Graphene fillers
2.10.5.2.2 Graphene foam
2.10.5.2.3 Graphene aerogel
2.10.6 Nanodiamonds
2.10.6.1 Properties
2.10.6.2 Application as thermal interface materials
2.10.7 Graphite
2.10.7.1 Properties
2.10.7.2 Natural graphite
2.10.7.2.1 Classification
2.10.7.2.2 Processing
2.10.7.2.3 Flake
2.10.7.2.3.1 Grades
2.10.7.2.3.2 Applications
2.10.7.3 Synthetic graphite
2.10.7.3.1 Classification
2.10.7.3.1.1 Primary synthetic graphite
2.10.7.3.1.2 Secondary synthetic graphite
2.10.7.3.1.3 Processing
2.10.7.4 Applications as thermal interface materials
2.10.8 Hexagonal Boron Nitride
2.10.8.1 Properties
2.10.8.2 Application as thermal interface materials
2.11 Metamaterials
2.11.1 Types and properties
2.11.1.1 Thermal metamaterials
2.11.1.2 Electromagnetic metamaterials
2.11.1.2.1 Double negative (DNG) metamaterials
2.11.1.2.2 Single negative metamaterials
2.11.1.2.3 Electromagnetic bandgap metamaterials (EBG)
2.11.1.2.4 Bi-isotropic and bianisotropic metamaterials
2.11.1.2.5 Chiral metamaterials
2.11.1.2.6 Electromagnetic “Invisibility” cloak
2.11.1.3 Terahertz metamaterials
2.11.1.4 Photonic metamaterials
2.11.1.5 Tunable metamaterials
2.11.1.6 Frequency selective surface (FSS) based metamaterials
2.11.1.7 Nonlinear metamaterials
2.11.1.8 Acoustic metamaterials
2.11.2 Application as thermal interface materials
2.12 Self-healing thermal interface materials
2.12.1 Extrinsic self-healing
2.12.2 Capsule-based
2.12.3 Vascular self-healing
2.12.4 Intrinsic self-healing
2.12.5 Healing volume
2.12.6 Types of self-healing materials, polymers and coatings
2.12.7 Applications in thermal interface materials
2.13 Phase change thermal interface materials (PCTIMs)
2.13.1 Thermal pads
2.13.2 Low Melting Alloys (LMAs)
2.14 Global Market forecast 2020-2035

3.1 Design
3.2 Materials
3.2.1 Aluminum alloys
3.2.2 Copper
3.2.3 Metal foams
3.2.4 Metal matrix composites
3.2.5 Graphene
3.2.6 Carbon foams and nanotubes
3.2.7 Graphite
3.2.8 Diamond
3.2.9 Liquid immersion cooling
3.2.10 Applications
3.3 Challenges
3.4 Market forecast

4.1 Design
4.2 Types
4.3 Components of Liquid Cooling Systems
4.4 Cooling in Data Centers
4.4.1 Rack Level
4.4.2 Chip Level
4.5 Benefits
4.6 Challenges
4.7 Market forecast

5.1 Introduction
5.2 Air Cooling Methods
5.3 Commercial examples
5.4 Optimization of water and power consumption
5.5 Applications
5.6 Market forecast

6.1 Overview
6.1.1 Advanced cooling plates
6.1.2 Roll Bond Aluminium Cold Plates
6.1.3 Cold Plate Design
6.1.4 Commercial examples
6.1.5 Graphite heat spreaders
6.1.5.1 Commercial examples
6.1.6 Cold Plate/Direct to Chip Cooling
6.1.7 Liquid Cooling Cold Plates
6.1.8 Single-Phase Cold Plate
6.1.8.1 Commercial examples
6.1.9 Two-Phase Cold Plate
6.1.9.1 Commercial examples
6.2 Design
6.3 Enhancement Techniques
6.3.1 Cost
6.4 Applications
6.5 Market forecast

7.1 Overview
7.2 Heat Transfer Mechanisms
7.3 Spray Cooling Fluids
7.4 Applications
7.5 Market forecast

8.1 Overview
8.2 Common immersion fluids
8.3 Benefits
8.4 Single-Phase Immersion Cooling
8.5 Two-Phase Immersion Cooling
8.6 Commercial examples
8.7 Costs
8.8 Challenges
8.9 Market forecast

9.1 Thermoelectric Modules
9.2 Performance Factors
9.3 Electronics Cooling

10.1 Overview
10.1.1 Properties
10.1.1.1 Electrical
10.1.1.2 Corrosion
10.1.1.3 Viscosity reduction
10.2 EVs
10.2.1 Coolant Fluid Requirements
10.2.2 Common EV Coolant Fluids
10.2.3 Commercial examples
10.2.4 Refrigerants for EVs
10.2.5 EV coolant fluid trends
10.2.6 Design Considerations
10.3 Growing adoption of immersion cooling
10.4 Market forecast

11.1 Properties of Phase Change Materials (PCMs)
11.2 Types
11.2.1 Organic/biobased phase change materials
11.2.1.1 Advantages and disadvantages
11.2.1.2 Paraffin wax
11.2.1.3 Non-Paraffins/Bio-based
11.2.2 Inorganic phase change materials
11.2.2.1 Salt hydrates
11.2.2.1.1 Advantages and disadvantages
11.2.2.2 Metal and metal alloy PCMs (High-temperature)
11.2.3 Eutectic mixtures
11.2.4 Encapsulation of PCMs
11.2.4.1 Macroencapsulation
11.2.4.2 Micro/nanoencapsulation
11.2.5 Nanomaterial phase change materials
11.3 Thermal energy storage (TES)
11.3.1 Sensible heat storage
11.3.2 Latent heat storage
11.4 Battery Thermal Management
11.5 Market forecast

12.1 Consumer electronics
12.1.1 Market overview
12.1.2 Market drivers
12.1.3 Applications
12.1.3.1 Smartphones and tablets
12.1.3.2 Wearable electronics
12.1.4 Global market revenues 2020-2035
12.2 Electric Vehicles (EV)
12.2.1 Overview
12.2.2 Electric vehicle thermal system architecture and components
12.2.3 Commercial vehicle thermal management systems
12.2.3.1 Transition to 800V architecture
12.2.4 Market drivers
12.2.5 EV Cooling
12.2.5.1 Coolant Fluids
12.2.5.1.1 Properties
12.2.5.1.2 Integration of battery and eAxle cooling
12.2.5.2 Refrigerants
12.2.5.2.1 PFAS Free Refrigerants
12.2.5.2.2 The integration of heat pump systems in EVs
12.2.5.3 Active vs Passive Cooling
12.2.5.4 Air Cooling
12.2.5.5 Liquid Cooling
12.2.5.6 Refrigerant Cooling
12.2.5.7 Cell-to-pack designs
12.2.5.8 Cell-to-chassis/body
12.2.5.9 Immersion Cooling
12.2.5.9.1 Phase Change Materials
12.2.5.9.2 Commercial examples
12.2.5.9.3 Operating Temperature
12.2.5.10 Heat Spreaders and Cooling Plates
12.2.5.10.1 Heat spreader technology
12.2.5.10.1.1 Commercial examples
12.2.5.10.1.2 Graphite Heat Spreaders
12.2.5.10.2 Advanced cold plates
12.2.5.10.2.1 Commercial examples
12.2.5.10.2.2 Integration of cold plates into battery enclosures
12.2.5.10.3 Polymer Heat Exchangers
12.2.5.11 Coolant Hoses
12.2.5.12 Thermal Interface Materials
12.2.5.13 Fire Protection Materials
12.2.5.13.1 Overview
12.2.5.13.2 Thermal runaway in electric vehicles
12.2.5.13.3 Vehicle fires
12.2.5.13.4 Regulations
12.2.5.14 Printed Sensors
12.2.5.15 Other cooling
12.2.6 Electric motors
12.2.6.1 Air Cooling
12.2.6.2 Water-glycol Cooling
12.2.6.3 Oil Cooling
12.2.6.4 Advanced cooling structures
12.2.6.4.1 Refrigerant Cooling
12.2.6.4.2 Immersion Cooling
12.2.6.5 Motor Insulation and Encapsulation
12.2.6.5.1 Commercial activity
12.2.6.5.2 Axial Flux Motors
12.2.6.5.3 In-wheel Motors
12.2.7 Power electronics
12.2.7.1 Overview
12.2.7.2 Technology and materials evolution
12.2.7.3 Power module packaging technology
12.2.7.4 Single- vs Double-Sided Cooling
12.2.7.5 TIMs in Power Electronics
12.2.7.5.1 Thermal Interface Material 1 (TIM1)
12.2.7.5.2 Thermal Interface Material 2 (TIM2)
12.2.7.6 Wire Bonding
12.2.7.7 Substrate Materials
12.2.7.8 Cooling Power Electronics
12.2.7.8.1 Inverter package cooling
12.2.7.8.2 Direct cooling
12.2.8 Charging stations
12.2.8.1.1 Charging Levels
12.2.8.1.2 Liquid Cooling
12.2.8.1.3 Commercial examples
12.2.8.1.4 Immersion Cooling
12.2.8.2 Cabin heating
12.2.8.3 Heat Pumps
12.2.9 Global Market Revenues 2020-2035
12.3 Data Centers
12.3.1 Market overview
12.3.2 Market drivers
12.3.3 Data Center thermal management requirements
12.3.3.1 Increase in Thermal Design Power (TDP)
12.3.3.2 Energy Efficiency
12.3.4 Data Center Cooling
12.3.4.1 Cooling Technology
12.3.4.2 Air Cooling
12.3.4.3 Hybrid Liquid-to-Air Cooling (L2A)
12.3.4.4 Hybrid Liquid-to-Liquid Cooling (L2L)
12.3.4.5 Hybrid Liquid-to-Refrigerant Cooling
12.3.4.6 Hybrid Refrigerant-to-Refrigerant Cooling
12.3.4.7 Thermal Interface Materials
12.3.4.7.1 Data center power supplies
12.3.4.8 Cold plates
12.3.4.9 Spray Cooling
12.3.4.10 Immersion Cooling
12.3.5 Applications
12.3.5.1 Router, switches and line cards
12.3.5.2 Servers
12.3.5.3 Power supply converters
12.3.6 Global Market Revenues 2020-2035
12.4 ADAS Sensors
12.4.1 Market overview
12.4.2 Market drivers
12.4.3 Applications
12.4.3.1 ADAS Cameras
12.4.3.2 ADAS Radar
12.4.3.3 ADAS LiDAR
12.4.4 Global Market Revenues 2020-2035
12.5 EMI shielding
12.5.1 Market overview
12.5.2 Market drivers
12.5.3 Applications
12.5.4 Global Market Revenues 2020-2035
12.6 5G/6G
12.6.1 Market overview
12.6.2 Market drivers
12.6.3 Applications
12.6.3.1 Antenna
12.6.3.2 Base Band Unit (BBU)
12.6.4 Global Market Revenues 2020-2035
12.7 Aerospace
12.7.1 Market overview
12.7.2 Market drivers
12.7.3 Applications
12.7.4 Global Market Revenues 2020-2035
12.8 Energy systems
12.8.1 Market overview
12.8.2 Market drivers
12.8.3 Applications
12.8.4 Global Market Revenues 2020-2035
12.9 Other markets
12.9.1 Advanced Robotics
12.9.1.1 Design Considerations
12.9.1.2 Implementation Strategies
12.9.1.3 Advanced Cooling Technologies
12.9.1.4 Environmental Considerations
12.9.1.5 Future Trends

13.1 Global revenues 2023, by type
13.2 Global revenues 2024-2035, by materials type
13.2.1 Telecommunications market
13.2.2 Electronics and data centers market
13.2.3 ADAS market
13.2.4 Electric vehicles (EVs) market
13.3 By end-use market
13.4 By region

Table 1. Comparison of active and passive thermal management
Table 2. Air Cooling Systems Characteristics
Table 3. Liquid Cooling System Characteristics
Table 4. Vapor Compression System Characteristics
Table 5. Spray Cooling System Characteristics
Table 6. Hybrid Cooling System Characteristics
Table 7. Types of thermal management materials and solutions
Table 8. Thermal conductivities (?) of common metallic, carbon, and ceramic fillers employed in TIMs
Table 9. Commercial TIMs and their properties
Table 10. Advantages and disadvantages of TIMs, by type
Table 11. Thermal interface materials prices
Table 12. Characteristics of some typical TIMs
Table 13. Properties of CNTs and comparable materials
Table 14. Typical properties of SWCNT and MWCNT
Table 15. Comparison of carbon-based additives in terms of the main parameters influencing their value proposition as a conductive additive
Table 16. Thermal conductivity of CNT-based polymer composites
Table 17. Comparative properties of BNNTs and CNTs
Table 18. Properties of graphene, properties of competing materials, applications thereof
Table 19. Properties of nanodiamonds
Table 20. Comparison between Natural and Synthetic Graphite
Table 21. Classification of natural graphite with its characteristics
Table 22. Characteristics of synthetic graphite
Table 23. Properties of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)
Table 24. Comparison of self-healing systems
Table 25. Types of self-healing coatings and materials
Table 26. Comparative properties of self-healing materials
Table 27. Benefits and drawbacks of PCMs in TIMs
Table 28. Global Revenue Forecast for Thermal Interface Materials 2020-2035 (Millions USD)
Table 29. Challenges with heat spreaders and heat sinks
Table 30. Global Revenue Forecast for Heat Spreaders and Heat Sinks 2020- 2035 (Millions USD), by End Use
Table 31. Comparison of Liquid Cooling Methods
Table 32. Comparison of Liquid Cooling Technologies
Table 33. Cooling System Components
Table 34. Data Centers By Power
Table 35. Rack Power and Cooling
Table 36.Data Center Cooling Methods Comparison
Table 37. Benefits of Liquid Cooling Systems
Table 38. Challenges in Liquid Cooling Systems
Table 39. Global Revenue Forecast for Liquid Cooling 2020- 2035 (Millions USD), by End Use
Table 40. Air Cooling Methods
Table 41. Applications of Air Cooling in Thermal Management
Table 42. Global Revenue Forecast for Air Cooling 2020-2035 (Millions USD), by End Use
Table 43. Benefits and Challenges of Cold Plate Cooling
Table 44. Examples of Cold Plate Design
Table 45. Cold Plate Requirements
Table 46. Benefits and Drawbacks of Cold Plate Cooling
Table 47. Thermal Cost Analysis of Cold Plate Systems
Table 48. Global Revenue Forecast for Cooling Plates 2020- 2035 (Millions USD)
Table 49. Applications of Spray Cooling in Thermal Management
Table 50. Global Revenue Forecast for Spray Cooling 2020- 2035 (Millions USD)
Table 51. Applications of Immersion Cooling in Thermal Management
Table 52. Cost Comparison - Immersion and Air Cooling
Table 53. Applications of Immersion Cooling
Table 54. Pricing of Direct-to-Chip, Immersion and Air Cooling (US$/Watt)
Table 55. Challenges in Immersion Cooling
Table 56. Global Revenue Forecast for Immersion Cooling 2020- 2035 (Millions USD)
Table 57. Thermoelectric Cooling in Electronics
Table 58. Application of Coolant Fluids
Table 59. Electrical Properties of Coolants
Table 60. Coolant Fluid Comparison - Operating Temperature
Table 61. Immersion Coolant Liquid Suppliers
Table 62. Global Revenue Forecast for Coolant Fluids 2020- 2035 (Millions USD), by End Use
Table 63. Common PCMs used in electronics cooling and their melting temperatures
Table 64. Properties of PCMs
Table 65. PCM Types and properties
Table 66. Advantages and disadvantages of organic PCMs
Table 67. Advantages and disadvantages of organic PCM Fatty Acids
Table 68. Advantages and disadvantages of salt hydrates
Table 69. Advantages and disadvantages of low melting point metals
Table 70. Advantages and disadvantages of eutectics
Table 71. Global Revenue Forecast for PCM Thermal Management Materials 2020- 2035 (Millions USD)
Table 72. Market Drivers in consumer electronics
Table 73. Applications and Thermal Management Materials Types in Consumer Electronics
Table 74. Global Market Revenues for Thermal Management Materials in Consumer Electronics 2020-2035, by materials type
Table 75. Thermal Management of EV Motors by OEM
Table 76. EV Thermal System Companies
Table 77. Applications and Types in EVs
Table 78. Battery Thermal Management Strategy by OEM
Table 79. Market Drivers for EV Thermal Management
Table 80. Fluids per Vehicle Market Average 2023 vs 2035
Table 81. EV Models with EV Specific Fluids
Table 82. Coolants Properties Comparison
Table 83. Refrigerant Content in EV Models
Table 84. EV Refrigerant Forecast 2015-2035 (kg)
Table 85. Battery Cooling Methods
Table 86. Active Battery Cooling Methods
Table 87. Passive Battery Cooling Methods
Table 88. Commercial Liquid Cooling Comparison
Table 89. Fluids in EVs
Table 90. PCM Categories and Pros and Cons
Table 91. PCM vs Battery
Table 92. Operating Temperature Range of Commercial PCMs
Table 93. Thermal Conductivity and Density Comparison of EV Battery PCMs
Table 94. Cold Plate Design
Table 95. Cold Plate Suppliers
Table 96. Alternate Hose Materials
Table 97. Types of Fire Protection Materials
Table 98. Fire Protection Material Comparison
Table 99. Density vs Thermal Conductivity for Fire Protection Materials
Table 100. Fire Protection Materials Forecast (kg)
Table 101. Cooling Electric Motors Strategies
Table 102. Traction Motor Types
Table 103. Motor Cooling Strategy by Power
Table 104. Advanced Cooling Structures Comparison
Table 105. Potting and Encapsulation Companies
Table 106. Wide Bandgap (WBG) Semiconductor Advantages & Disadvantages
Table 107. SiC Drives 800V Platforms
Table 108. Market Share of Single and Double-Sided Cooling: 2024-2034
Table 109. General Trend of TIMs in Power Electronics
Table 110. Substrate materials properties
Table 111. Comparison of Al2O3, ZTA, and Si3N4 Substrate
Table 112. Inverter Liquid Cooling Forecast 2015-2035 (units)
Table 113. Drivers for Direct Oil Cooling of Inverters
Table 114. Commercial Direct Oil Cooling Activity
Table 115. EV Charging Levels
Table 116. Market Trends in EV Charging
Table 117. Thermal Management Strategies in HPC
Table 118.EVs with Heat Pumps
Table 119. Global Market Revenues for Thermal Management Materials in Electric Vehicles 2020-2035
Table 120. Overview of Thermal Management Methods for Data Centers
Table 121. Market Drivers for thermal management in data centers
Table 122. Data Center Equipment Overview
Table 123. Historic Data of TDP - GPU
Table 124. TDP Trend: Historic Data and Forecast Data - CPU
Table 125. Data Center Server Rack and Server Structure
Table 126. Comparison of Data Center Cooling Technology
Table 127.Total TIM Area in Server Boards Forecast (m2): 2022-2035
Table 128. TIM Consumption in Data Center Power Supplies
Table 129.TIM Area for Power Supply Forecast (m2): 2025-2035
Table 130. TIMs for Immersion Cooling
Table 131. Applications and Types of thermal management materials and systems in data centers
Table 132. Global Market Revenues for Thermal Management Materials in Data Centers 2020-2035
Table 133. Market Drivers for thermal management in ADAS sensors
Table 134. Applications and Types for thermal management in ADAS sensors
Table 135. Global Market Revenues for Thermal Management Materials in ADAS Sensors 2020-2035
Table 136. Market Drivers for thermal management in EMI shielding
Table 137. Applications and Types for thermal management in EMI shielding
Table 138. Global Market Revenues for Thermal Management Materials in EMI Shielding 2020-2035
Table 139. Market Drivers for 5G//6G thermal management
Table 140. 5G//6G thermal management Applications and Types
Table 141. Global Market Revenues for Thermal Management Materials in 5G/6G 2020-2035
Table 142. Market Drivers for thermal management in Aerospace
Table 143. Thermal management in Aerospace Applications and Types
Table 144. Global Market Revenues for Thermal Management Materials in Aerospace 2020-2035
Table 145. Market Drivers for thermal management in energy systems
Table 146. Thermal management in energy systems Applications and Types
Table 147. Global Market Revenues for Thermal Management Materials in Energy Systems 2020-2035
Table 148. Other Markets for Thermal Management Materials and Systems
Table 149. Thermal Management by Robot Type
Table 150. Global revenues for thermal management materials and systems, 2023, by type
Table 151. Global Revenues for Thermal Management in Telecommunications, 2024-2035 ($M)
Table 152. Global Revenues for Thermal Management in Electronics & Data Centers, 2024-2035 ($M)
Table 153. Global Revenues for Thermal Management in ADAS, 2024-2035 ($M)
Table 154. Global Revenues for Thermal Management in EVs, 2024-2035 ($M)
Table 155. Global revenues for thermal management materials & systems, 2024-2035, by end use market (millions USD)
Table 156. Global revenues for thermal management materials and systems 2024-2035, by region (millions USD)
Table 157. Future Outlook for Thermal Management Materials and Systems
Table 158. Carbodeon Ltd. Oy nanodiamond product list
Table 159. CrodaTherm Range
Table 160. Ray-Techniques Ltd. nanodiamonds product list
Table 161. Comparison of ND produced by detonation and laser synthesis

Figure 1. (L-R) Surface of a commercial heatsink surface at progressively higher magnifications, showing tool marks that create a rough surface and a need for a thermal interface material
Figure 2. Schematic of thermal interface materials used in a flip chip package
Figure 3. Thermal grease
Figure 4. Dispensing a bead of silicone-based gap filler onto the heat sink of a power electronics module
Figure 5. Application of thermal silicone grease
Figure 6. A range of thermal grease products
Figure 7. Thermal Pad
Figure 8. Dispensing a bead of silicone-based gap filler onto the heat sink of a power electronics module
Figure 9. Thermal tapes
Figure 10. Thermal adhesive products
Figure 11. Typical IC package construction identifying TIM1 and TIM2
Figure 12. Liquid metal TIM product
Figure 13. Pre-mixed SLH
Figure 14. HLM paste and Liquid Metal Before and After Thermal Cycling
Figure 15. SLH with Solid Solder Preform
Figure 16. Automated process for SLH with solid solder preforms and liquid metal
Figure 17. Schematic diagram of a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)
Figure 18. Schematic of single-walled carbon nanotube
Figure 19. Types of single-walled carbon nanotubes
Figure 20. Schematic of a vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) membrane used for water treatment
Figure 21. Schematic of Boron Nitride nanotubes (BNNTs). Alternating B and N atoms are shown in blue and red
Figure 22. Graphene layer structure schematic
Figure 23. Illustrative procedure of the Scotch-tape based micromechanical cleavage of HOPG
Figure 24. Graphene and its descendants: top right: graphene; top left: graphite = stacked graphene; bottom right: nanotube=rolled graphene; bottom left: fullerene=wrapped graphene
Figure 25. Detonation Nanodiamond
Figure 26. DND primary particles and properties
Figure 27. Flake graphite
Figure 28. Applications of flake graphite
Figure 29. Graphite-based TIM products
Figure 30. Structure of hexagonal boron nitride
Figure 31. Classification of metamaterials based on functionalities
Figure 32. Electromagnetic metamaterial
Figure 33. Schematic of Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure
Figure 34. Schematic of chiral metamaterials
Figure 35. Nonlinear metamaterials- 400-nm thick nonlinear mirror that reflects frequency-doubled output using input light intensity as small as that of a laser pointer
Figure 36. Schematic of self-healing polymers. Capsule based (a), vascular (b), and intrinsic (c) schemes for self-healing materials. Red and blue colours indicate chemical species which react (purple) to heal damage
Figure 37. Stages of self-healing mechanism
Figure 38. Self-healing mechanism in vascular self-healing systems
Figure 39. PCM TIMs
Figure 40. Phase Change Material - die cut pads ready for assembly
Figure 41. Global Revenue Forecast for Thermal Interface Materials 2020- 2035 (Millions USD)
Figure 42. Global Revenue Forecast for Heat Spreaders and Heat Sinks 2020- 2035 (Millions USD)
Figure 43. Global Revenue Forecast for Liquid Cooling 2020- 2035 (Millions USD)
Figure 44. Global Revenue Forecast for Air Cooling 2020- 2035 (Millions USD), by End Use
Figure 45. Direct Water-Cooled Server
Figure 46. Global Revenue Forecast for Cooling Plates 2020- 2035 (Millions USD)
Figure 47. Global Revenue Forecast for Spray Cooling 2020- 2035 (Millions USD)
Figure 48. Roadmap of Single-Phase Immersion Cooling
Figure 49. Roadmap of Two-Phase Immersion Cooling
Figure 50. Global Revenue Forecast for Immersion Cooling 2020- 2035 (Millions USD)
Figure 51. Global Revenue Forecast for Coolant Fluids 2020- 2035 (Millions USD)
Figure 52. Phase-change TIM products
Figure 53. PCM mode of operation
Figure 54. Classification of PCMs
Figure 55. Phase-change materials in their original states
Figure 56. Thermal energy storage materials
Figure 57. Phase Change Material transient behaviour
Figure 58. Global Revenue Forecast for PCM Thermal Management Materials 2020- 2035 (Millions USD)
Figure 59. Schematic of TIM operation in electronic devices
Figure 60. Schematic of Thermal Management Materials in smartphone
Figure 61. Wearable technology inventions
Figure 62. Global Market Revenues for Thermal Management Materials in Consumer Electronics 2020-2035, by materials type
Figure 63. Application of thermal interface materials in automobiles
Figure 64. Battery pack with a cell-to-pack design and prismatic cells
Figure 65. Cell-to-chassis battery pack
Figure 66. Application of thermal interface materials in automobiles
Figure 67. EV battery components including TIMs
Figure 68. Axial Flux Motor
Figure 69. Exploded view of In-Wheel Motor
Figure 70. TIMS in EV charging station
Figure 71. Global Market Revenues for Thermal Management Materials in Electric Vehicles 2020-2035
Figure 72. Image of data center layout
Figure 73. Application of TIMs in line card
Figure 74. Global Market Revenues for Thermal Management Materials in Data Centers 2020-2035
Figure 75. ADAS radar unit incorporating TIMs
Figure 76. Global Market Revenues for Thermal Management Materials in ADAS Sensors 2020-2035
Figure 77. Coolzorb 5G
Figure 78. Global Market Revenues for Thermal Management Materials in EMI Shielding 2020-2035
Figure 79. TIMs in Base Band Unit (BBU)
Figure 80. Global Market Revenues for Thermal Management Materials in 5G/6G 2020-2035
Figure 81. Global Market Revenues for Thermal Management Materials in Aerospace 2020-2035
Figure 82. Global Market Revenues for Thermal Management Materials in Energy Systems 2020-2035
Figure 83. Global revenues for thermal management materials and systems in telecommunications, 2024-2035, by type
Figure 84. Global revenues for thermal management materials and systems in electronics & data centers, 2024-2035, by type
Figure 85. Global revenues for thermal management materials and systems in ADAS, 2024-2035, by type
Figure 86. Global revenues for thermal management materials and systems in Electric Vehicles (EVs), 2024-2035, by type
Figure 87. Global revenues for thermal management materials and systems 2024-2035, by market
Figure 88. Global revenues for thermal management materials and systems 2024-2035, by region (millions USD)
Figure 89. Boron Nitride Nanotubes products
Figure 90. Transtherm® PCMs
Figure 91. Carbice carbon nanotubes
Figure 92. Internal structure of carbon nanotube adhesive sheet
Figure 93. Carbon nanotube adhesive sheet
Figure 94. HI-FLOW Phase Change Materials
Figure 95. Thermoelectric foil, consists of a sequence of semiconductor elements connected with conductive metal. At the top (in red) is the thermal interface
Figure 96. Parker Chomerics THERM-A-GAP GEL
Figure 97. Credo™ ProMed transport bags
Figure 98. Metamaterial structure used to control thermal emission
Figure 99. Shinko Carbon Nanotube TIM product
Figure 100. The Sixth Element graphene products
Figure 101. Thermal conductive graphene film
Figure 102. VB Series of TIMS from Zeon