The book covers the multidimensional perspectives of the metaverse through the prism of virtual reality, augmented reality, blockchain, artificial intelligence, and IoT, ranging from rudimentary to advanced applications.
This book provides a thorough explanation of how the technology behind metaverse and other virtual reality technologies are changing the world. The primary objective is to present the revolutionary innovation of the 21st century - the metaverse - and exhibit its wide range of applications in different domains. Although blockchain and VR/AR were the first popularly known applications of the metaverse, several other applications also exist. While some still believe the metaverse is overhyped, in reality, it is transforming almost every industry - healthcare, 3D, 4D, industry, game industry, business management, artificial intelligence, and IoT, just to name a few.
This technological breakthrough not only paved the way for virtual reality but also provided useful solutions for other areas of technology. The unique nature of the technology, which is a single, shared, immersive, persistent, 3D virtual space where humans experience life in ways not possible in the physical world, makes it suitable for all real-world applications; it has great potential to transform business, and companies are already in the race for different product offerings.
Audience
AI and computer science researchers, engineers and graduate students, IT personnel in business as well as entrepreneurs and policymakers.
Table of Contents
Preface xxi
Acknowledgment xxv
1 Metaverse: A Study on Immersive Technologies 1
Dileep Kumar Murala and Sandeep Kumar Panda
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Related Works and Contributions 16
1.3 The Metaverse Architecture, Developments, and Tools 18
1.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Metaverse 28
1.5 The Metaverse Challenges and Countermeasures 32
1.6 Future Research Directions 32
2 Metaverse and Blockchain 43
Vaishnavi Raj. K.A., Shresta Rongali, Bathula Jaya Teja and Shaik Himam Saheb
2.1 Introduction 44
2.2 Preparatories of Blockchain 45
2.3 Technical Understanding of Blockchain 48
2.4 Advanced Applications of Blockchain in Various Sectors 50
2.5 Web3 Technology 52
2.6 Metaverse and Blockchain Technology 55
2.7 Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, and Mixed Reality 59
2.8 The Metaverse Projects 62
2.9 Conclusion 63
3 Blockchain in the Development of Metaverse 71
Dileep Kumar Murala and Sandeep Kumar Panda
3.1 Introduction 72
3.2 Related Work 73
3.3 Consensus Algorithms for Blockchain 75
3.4 Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) 77
3.5 Blockchain in Metaverse 78
3.6 Blockchain Metaverse 82
3.7 Obstacles and Unresolved Problems 86
3.8 What Other Problems in the Metaverse Can Blockchain Help With? 89
3.9 Conclusion and Future Research Directions 90
4 Revolution of the Metaverse and Blockchain Technology 97
Sandeep Kumar Panda
4.1 Introduction 98
4.2 Blockchain 100
4.3 The Metaverse 104
4.4 Blockchain-Powered Metaverse 111
4.5 Overview of Blockchain Use Cases in the Metaverse 116
4.6 Conclusion 119
5 Metaverse: The New Era in Medical Field 127
M. Sreedhar, Shaik Himam Saheb and Kona Ravi Sandeep Kumar
5.1 Introduction 128
5.2 Discussion 136
5.3 Medical Cloud Plus 140
5.4 The Metaverse's Benefits and Drawbacks 141
5.5 Applications of Metaverse in Various Fields 143
5.6 Definition and Clinical Significance of Metaverse in Medicine 145
5.7 Conclusions 152
6 The Role of Immersive Reality (AR/VR/MR/XR) in Metaverse 159
Dileep Kumar Murala and Sandeep Kumar Panda
6.1 Introduction 160
6.2 Related Works 161
6.3 VR, AR, and MR's Responsibilities in the Metaverse 167
6.4 The Contribution of AR/VR to the Metaverse Development 169
6.5 How to Use the Metaverse Right Now 172
6.6 Unresolved Issues 176
6.7 Application for XR 178
6.8 Challenges in the Metaverse 180
6.9 Conclusion and Future Directions 183
7 Advances in Design and Manufacturing of VR Headset 191
Chandrashekhar Bendigeri and Devaraj E.
7.1 Introduction 192
7.2 Literature Survey 196
7.3 Technically Enriched Advance Computation Technologies 204
7.4 Arc Welding 205
7.5 Virtual Manufacturing 205
7.6 Virtual Reality 206
7.7 Virtual Welding: An Innovation Towards Virtual Reality for Welding and Training 207
7.8 Virtual Reality Metal Arc Welding System (VRMAWS) 208
7.9 Software's and Hardware Used in VRMAW 208
7.10 Virtual Design and Manufacturing 210
7.11 Conclusion 212
8 Augmented Reality in Computer-Aided Design (CAD) 217
Suresh Goka, Syed Quadir Moinuddin, Ashok Kumar Dewangan, Shaik Himam Saheb and Barla Madhavi
8.1 Introduction 218
8.2 AR System 220
8.3 Case Studies 222
8.4 Applications 226
8.5 Conclusions 228
9 Metaverse: Post-Pandemic Impact in Education 235
C.V. Suresh Babu and P. Preethi
9.1 Introduction 236
9.2 Background of the Study 237
9.3 Significance of the Study 239
9.4 Metaverse in Education 242
9.5 Research on Metaverse and Education Systems 243
9.6 Research Questions 249
9.7 Delimitations of the Study 251
9.8 Proposed Methodology 252
9.9 Characteristics of the Metaverse of Virtual Reality in Education 253
9.10 Modern Social Interaction 253
9.11 Using Virtualization to Produce Innovative Experiences That Are Highly Immersive 254
9.12 Limitation 254
9.13 Conclusions 254
10 Inspection of Defects through Corneal Topography of a Healthy Retina 259
V. V. Vidyasagar
10.1 Introduction 260
10.2 Structure of the Eye 260
10.3 Perspective Scale Model of Eye 262
10.4 Extended Reality Metaverse (XR) 267
10.5 Computer-Aided Geometrical Design 268
10.6 Human Eye Ball Model 270
10.7 Keratoconus Characteristic Topographical Patterns 272
10.8 Conclusion 290
11 The Metaverse in Industry and Logistics 295
M. Edwin, M. Saranya Nair and V. A. Nagarajan
11.1 Introduction: Metaverse -- State-of-the-Art 296
11.2 Metaverse as Creative Freedom 301
11.3 Development of Industrial Metaverse 302
11.4 Typical Products/Services in Metaverse 304
11.5 Role of Metaverse in Supply Chain 305
11.6 Forecast of the First Application Areas 307
11.7 Industrial Metaverse for Remote Manufacturing 308
11.8 Impact of Industrial Metaverse in Manufacturing Industry 309
11.9 Six Cases of Early Industrial and Commercial Metaverse Application 311
11.10 Issues in Metaverse 314
11.11 Challenges of Industrial Metaverse in Engineering Applications 315
11.12 Metaverse Accelerates Economic Development for Emerging Economies 316
11.13 The Metaverse in Logistics 316
11.14 Conclusion 319
12 Augmented Reality Applications in Gaming 325
Rohan Harish, Abhiram Vollala and Shaik Himam Saheb
12.1 Introduction 326
12.2 Augmented Reality Technology 326
12.3 History of AR 327
12.4 Types of Augmented Reality 327
12.5 Types of AR 331
12.6 Monitor-Based 331
12.7 Virtual Reality vs. Augmented Reality 332
12.8 Issues in Augmented Reality 333
12.9 Applications of Augmented Reality 333
12.10 Advertisement 337
12.11 Simulations 337
12.12 Navigation 338
12.13 Unity3D 340
12.14 CAD 340
12.15 Video Fames 340
12.16 Theme Park 340
12.17 Introduction of Unity3D 341
12.18 About Augmented Reality Based on Unity3D 342
12.19 The Main Technical Problem 342
12.20 Conclusion 343
13 Real-Time Applications of Virtual Reality 349
R. Pranith, Kavali Maruthi and Shaik Himam Saheb
13.1 Introduction 349
13.2 History of VR 350
13.3 Virtual Reality (VR) 353
13.4 Uses of VR in Different Industrial Sectors 354
13.5 VR in Gaming 355
13.6 Benefits of VR in the Gaming Industry 356
13.7 VR Technology for Business and Game Development 357
13.8 Global Virtual Reality (VR) 357
13.9 VR in the Indian Business Market 359
13.10 Virtual Reality Technology 359
13.11 Virtual Reality (VR) in Unity 364
13.12 VR (Virtual Reality) Games 367
13.13 Conclusion 373
14 Real-Time Applications of Mixed Reality 379
Sri Ganesh, Ram Pavan Reddy and Shaik Himam Saheb
14.1 Introduction 379
14.2 Technical Challenges 383
14.3 Mixed Reality Research in Switzerland 388
14.4 Current Challenges and Trends 391
14.5 Peek into the Future 392
14.6 Hologram Lens 393
14.7 Pros and Cons of Mixed Reality 395
14.8 Architecture of MR Systems 396
14.9 Unity Development for VR and Windows Mixed Reality 397
14.10 Future Research 398
14.11 Conclusion 400
15 Artificial Intelligence in the Development of Metaverse 407
Dileep Kumar Murala and Sandeep Kumar Panda
15.1 Introduction 408
15.2 Related Works 408
15.3 Artificial Intelligence 413
15.4 Artificial Intelligence for the Metaverse: A Focus on Technical Aspects 419
15.5 Artificial Intelligence for the Metaverse: Application Aspect 424
15.6 The Metaverse's Artificial Intelligence Future 429
15.7 Conclusion and Future Directions 430
16 The Internet of Things in Developing Metaverse 437
Dileep Kumar Murala and Sandeep Kumar Panda
16.1 Introduction 438
16.2 Related Works 442
16.3 The Connection Between the Metaverse and the Internet of Things 444
16.4 The Importance of Metaverse in the IoT 451
16.5 IoT's Contribution to the Creation of the Metaverse 454
16.6 Applications, Advantages and Challenges of IoT-Based Metaverse 455
16.7 Conclusion 458
References 460
Index 467
