This study looks closely at how 27 academic libraries are using ChatGPT, Bard and AI-enabled Bing, as well as other AI applications, in library acquisitions and licensing.
The study gives precise data on the extent of use of each applications, the amount of time librarians are spending on each, and pinpoints exactly what they are using it for. The report presents data on use for various facet of contract research and development, for data analysis, and for predicting library patron materials demand and preferences, among other uses. Survey respondents also discuss the impact of AI on their personal productivity, their current uses of the technology, and future plans.
Just a few of this report’s many findings are that:
- Approximately 27% of librarians at research universities in the sample used AI-enabled Bing in their acquisitions and licensing work.
- 3.7% of the librarians sampled used AI applications for customized content or materials recommendations.
- Acquisitions and licensing librarians at colleges and universities with more than 31,000 students were spending 2% of their total work time using AI applications.
Data in the report is broken out by numerous personal and institutional variables to enable better benchmarking.
Table of Contents
THE QUESTIONNAIRE
- Characteristics of the sample
- Participant list
SUMMARY OF MAIN FINDINGS
- Use of Bard in Licensing & Acquisitions
- Use of ChatGPT in Licensing & Acquisitions
- Use of AI-Enabled Bing in Licensing & Acquisitions
- Higher Use Rates for Male & Older Participants
- Use of AI for Locating Sample Contracts
- Use of AI for Obtaining Preliminary Legal Advice
- Use of AI for Questions About Particular Contract Language
- Use of AI for Finding Info About Contract Costs
- Use of AI for Customized Content Recommendations
- Use of AI for General Data Analysis
- Use of AI for Analyzing Bibliometric Data
- Open Ended Descriptions of How Survey Participants Use AI
- Use of and Value of AI as a Data Management Tool
- Value of AI-Enabled Bing in Data Management
- Value of Bard in Data Management
- Value of ChatGPT in Data Management
- Future Plans for Use of AI in Licensing & Acquisitions
- Time in Minutes Spend on AI in the Past Week
- Evaluation of Impact of AI on Personal Productivity
- Preferred Info Sources on Use of AI in Licensing Librarianship
- Use of AI in Developing Open Access Educational or Scholarly Materials
- Views on How AI May Encourage the Growth of Fraudulent Journal Articles
List of Tables
- Table 1 Have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI-enabled Bing in licensing or acquisitions management (check all that apply)
- Table 1.1.1 Have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI-enabled Bing in licensing or acquisitions management? Bard
- Table 1.1.2 Have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI-enabled Bing in licensing or acquisitions management? Bard Broken out by tuition, $
- Table 1.1.3 Have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI-enabled Bing in licensing or acquisitions management? Bard Broken out by enrollment
- Table 1.1.4 Have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI-enabled Bing in licensing or acquisitions management? Bard Broken out by public or private college
- Table 1.1.5 Have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI-enabled Bing in licensing or acquisitions management? Bard Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
- Table 1.1.6 Have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI-enabled Bing in licensing or acquisitions management? Bard Broken out by gender of respondent
- Table 1.1.7 Have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI-enabled Bing in licensing or acquisitions management? Bard Broken out by age of respondent
- Table 1.2.1 Have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI-enabled Bing in licensing or acquisitions management? ChatGPT
- Table 1.2.2 Have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI-enabled Bing in licensing or acquisitions management? ChatGPT Broken out by tuition, $
- Table 1.2.3 Have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI-enabled Bing in licensing or acquisitions management? ChatGPT Broken out by enrollment
- Table 1.2.4 Have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI-enabled Bing in licensing or acquisitions management? ChatGPT Broken out by public or private college
- Table 1.2.5 Have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI-enabled Bing in licensing or acquisitions management? ChatGPT Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
- Table 1.2.6 Have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI-enabled Bing in licensing or acquisitions management? ChatGPT Broken out by gender of respondent
- Table 1.2.7 Have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI-enabled Bing in licensing or acquisitions management? ChatGPT Broken out by age of respondent
- Table 1.3.1 Have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI-enabled Bing in licensing or acquisitions management? Bing (AI enabled)
- Table 1.3.2 Have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI-enabled Bing in licensing or acquisitions management? Bing (AI enabled) Broken out by tuition, $
- Table 1.3.3 Have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI-enabled Bing in licensing or acquisitions management? Bing (AI enabled) Broken out by enrollment
- Table 1.3.4 Have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI-enabled Bing in licensing or acquisitions management? Bing (AI enabled) Broken out by public or private college
- Table 1.3.5 Have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI-enabled Bing in licensing or acquisitions management? Bing (AI enabled) Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
- Table 1.3.6 Have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI-enabled Bing in licensing or acquisitions management? Bing (AI enabled) Broken out by gender of respondent
- Table 1.3.7 Have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI-enabled Bing in licensing or acquisitions management? Bing (AI enabled) Broken out by age of respondent
- Table 2 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? (Choose all that apply)
- Table 2.1.1 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Locating sample contracts
- Table 2.1.2 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Locating sample contracts Broken out by tuition, $
- Table 2.1.3 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Locating sample contracts Broken out by enrollment
- Table 2.1.4 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Locating sample contracts Broken out by public or private college
- Table 2.1.5 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Locating sample contracts Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
- Table 2.1.6 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Locating sample contracts Broken out by gender of respondent
- Table 2.1.7 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Locating sample contracts Broken out by age of respondent
- Table 2.2.1 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Preliminary legal advice
- Table 2.2.2 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Preliminary legal advice Broken out by tuition, $
- Table 2.2.3 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Preliminary legal advice Broken out by enrollment
- Table 2.2.4 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Preliminary legal advice Broken out by public or private college
- Table 2.2.5 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Preliminary legal advice Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
- Table 2.2.6 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Preliminary legal advice Broken out by gender of respondent
- Table 2.2.7 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Preliminary legal advice Broken out by age of respondent
- Table 2.3.1 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Asking questions about particular contract language
- Table 2.3.2 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Asking questions about particular contract language Broken out by tuition, $
- Table 2.3.3 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Asking questions about particular contract language Broken out by enrollment
- Table 2.3.4 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Asking questions about particular contract language Broken out by public or private college
- Table 2.3.5 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Asking questions about particular contract language Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
- Table 2.3.6 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Asking questions about particular contract language Broken out by gender of respondent
- Table 2.3.7 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Asking questions about particular contract language Broken out by age of respondent
- Table 2.4.1 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Finding information about the cost of existing licenses
- Table 2.4.2 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Finding information about the cost of existing licenses Broken out by tuition, $
- Table 2.4.3 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Finding information about the cost of existing licenses Broken out by enrollment
- Table 2.4.4 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Finding information about the cost of existing licenses Broken out by public or private college
- Table 2.4.5 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Finding information about the cost of existing licenses Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
- Table 2.4.6 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Finding information about the cost of existing licenses Broken out by gender of respondent
- Table 2.4.7 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Finding information about the cost of existing licenses Broken out by age of respondent
- Table 2.5.1 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Generate reports on license and general materials costs
- Table 2.5.2 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Generate reports on license and general materials costs Broken out by tuition, $
- Table 2.5.3 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Generate reports on license and general materials costs Broken out by enrollment
- Table 2.5.4 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Generate reports on license and general materials costs Broken out by public or private college
- Table 2.5.5 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Generate reports on license and general materials costs Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
- Table 2.5.6 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Generate reports on license and general materials costs Broken out by gender of respondent
- Table 2.5.7 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Generate reports on license and general materials costs Broken out by age of respondent
- Table 2.6.1 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Develop customized content recommendations
- Table 2.6.2 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Develop customized content recommendations Broken out by tuition, $
- Table 2.6.3 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Develop customized content recommendations Broken out by enrollment
- Table 2.6.4 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Develop customized content recommendations Broken out by public or private college
- Table 2.6.5 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Develop customized content recommendations Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
- Table 2.6.6 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Develop customized content recommendations Broken out by gender of respondent
- Table 2.6.7 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Develop customized content recommendations Broken out by age of respondent
- Table 2.7.1 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Analyzing Usage Data
- Table 2.7.2 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Analyzing Usage Data Broken out by tuition, $
- Table 2.7.3 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Analyzing Usage Data Broken out by enrollment
- Table 2.7.4 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Analyzing Usage Data Broken out by public or private college
- Table 2.7.5 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Analyzing Usage Data Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
- Table 2.7.6 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Analyzing Usage Data Broken out by gender of respondent
- Table 2.7.7 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Analyzing Usage Data Broken out by age of respondent
- Table 2.8.1 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Collecting or Analyzing Bibliometrics Data
- Table 2.8.2 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Collecting or Analyzing Bibliometrics Data Broken out by tuition, $
- Table 2.8.3 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Collecting or Analyzing Bibliometrics Data Broken out by enrollment
- Table 2.8.4 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Collecting or Analyzing Bibliometrics Data Broken out by public or private college
- Table 2.8.5 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Collecting or Analyzing Bibliometrics Data Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
- Table 2.8.6 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Collecting or Analyzing Bibliometrics Data Broken out by gender of respondent
- Table 2.8.7 For which of the following have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing? Collecting or Analyzing Bibliometrics Data Broken out by age of respondent
- Briefly describe your experience in using ChatGPT, Bard or AI-enabled Bing as a tool in library acquisitions and licensing management? What have you learned about using these applications in this area?
- Table 3 Rank the following three services for their value to you as a data management tool.
- Table 3.1.1 Rank the following three services for their value to you as a data management tool. AI-enabled Bing
- Table 3.1.2 Rank the following three services for their value to you as a data management tool. AI-enabled Bing Broken out by tuition, $
- Table 3.1.3 Rank the following three services for their value to you as a data management tool. AI-enabled Bing Broken out by enrollment
- Table 3.1.4 Rank the following three services for their value to you as a data management tool. AI-enabled Bing Broken out by public or private college
- Table 3.1.5 Rank the following three services for their value to you as a data management tool. AI-enabled Bing Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
- Table 3.1.6 Rank the following three services for their value to you as a data management tool. AI-enabled Bing Broken out by gender of respondent
- Table 3.1.7 Rank the following three services for their value to you as a data management tool. AI-enabled Bing Broken out by age of respondent
- Table 3.2.1 Rank the following three services for their value to you as a data management tool. Bard
- Table 3.2.2 Rank the following three services for their value to you as a data management tool. Bard Broken out by tuition, $
- Table 3.2.3 Rank the following three services for their value to you as a data management tool. Bard Broken out by enrollment
- Table 3.2.4 Rank the following three services for their value to you as a data management tool. Bard Broken out by public or private college
- Table 3.2.5 Rank the following three services for their value to you as a data management tool. Bard Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
- Table 3.2.6 Rank the following three services for their value to you as a data management tool. Bard Broken out by gender of respondent
- Table 3.2.7 Rank the following three services for their value to you as a data management tool. Bard Broken out by age of respondent
- Table 3.3.1 Rank the following three services for their value to you as a data management tool. ChatGPT
- Table 3.3.2 Rank the following three services for their value to you as a data management tool. ChatGPT Broken out by tuition, $
- Table 3.3.3 Rank the following three services for their value to you as a data management tool. ChatGPT Broken out by enrollment
- Table 3.3.4 Rank the following three services for their value to you as a data management tool. ChatGPT Broken out by public or private college
- Table 3.3.5 Rank the following three services for their value to you as a data management tool. ChatGPT Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
- Table 3.3.6 Rank the following three services for their value to you as a data management tool. ChatGPT Broken out by gender of respondent
- Table 3.3.7 Rank the following three services for their value to you as a data management tool. ChatGPT Broken out by age of respondent
- How do you plan to use AI technology in your work over the next year as a management tool in licensing and acquisitions applications?
- Table 4.1 How much time, in minutes, have you spent using ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing in the past week?
- Table 4.2 How much time, in minutes, have you spent using ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing in the past week? Broken out by tuition, $
- Table 4.3 How much time, in minutes, have you spent using ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing in the past week? Broken out by enrollment
- Table 4.4 How much time, in minutes, have you spent using ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing in the past week? Broken out by public or private college
- Table 4.5 How much time, in minutes, have you spent using ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing in the past week? Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
- Table 4.6 How much time, in minutes, have you spent using ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing in the past week? Broken out by gender of respondent
- Table 4.7 How much time, in minutes, have you spent using ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing in the past week? Broken out by age of respondent
- Table 5.1 If you have used ChatGPT. Bard or AI enabled Bing in licensing or acquisitions efforts, or used plug ins that enable other software to utilize these technologies, about how much more, or less productive has it made you, measured as a combination of time spent and outputs achieved?
- Table 5.2 If you have used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing in licensing or acquisitions efforts, or used plug ins that enable other software to utilize these technologies, about how much more, or less productive has it made you, measured as a combination of time spent and outputs achieved? Broken out by tuition, $
- Table 5.3 If you have used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing in licensing or acquisitions efforts, or used plug ins that enable other software to utilize these technologies, about how much more, or less productive has it made you, measured as a combination of time spent and outputs achieved? Broken out by enrollment
- Table 5.4 If you have used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing in licensing or acquisitions efforts, or used plug ins that enable other software to utilize these technologies, about how much more, or less productive has it made you, measured as a combination of time spent and outputs achieved? Broken out by public or private college
- Table 5.5 If you have used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing in licensing or acquisitions efforts, or used plug ins that enable other software to utilize these technologies, about how much more, or less productive has it made you, measured as a combination of time spent and outputs achieved? Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
- Table 5.6 If you have used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing in licensing or acquisitions efforts, or used plug ins that enable other software to utilize these technologies, about how much more, or less productive has it made you, measured as a combination of time spent and outputs achieved? Broken out by gender of respondent
- Table 5.7 If you have used ChatGPT, Bard or AI enabled Bing in licensing or acquisitions efforts, or used plug ins that enable other software to utilize these technologies, about how much more, or less productive has it made you, measured as a combination of time spent and outputs achieved? Broken out by age of respondent
- What advice can you offer to other licensing and acquisitions librarians about how to use Bard, ChatGPT or AI-enabled Bing in licensing and acquisitions librarianship?
- What resources have you used -- listservs, blogs, seminars, webinars, LibGuides, articles, websites, etc. to learn about the use of artificial intelligence in licensing librarianship? Please be as specific as possible, citing URL’s, article titles or email addresses when possible.
- Table 6.1 Have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI-enabled Bing to develop open access educational or scholarly materials?
- Table 6.2 Have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI-enabled Bing to develop open access educational or scholarly materials? Broken out by tuition, $
- Table 6.3 Have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI-enabled Bing to develop open access educational or scholarly materials? Broken out by enrollment
- Table 6.4 Have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI-enabled Bing to develop open access educational or scholarly materials? Broken out by public or private college
- Table 6.5 Have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI-enabled Bing to develop open access educational or scholarly materials? Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
- Table 6.6 Have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI-enabled Bing to develop open access educational or scholarly materials? Broken out by gender of respondent
- Table 6.7 Have you used ChatGPT, Bard or AI-enabled Bing to develop open access educational or scholarly materials? Broken out by age of respondent
- Table 7.1 To what degree do you feel that the profusion of AI applications will encourage the growth of fraudulent journal articles?
- Table 7.2 To what degree do you feel that the profusion of AI applications will encourage the growth or fraudulent journal articles? Broken out by tuition, $
- Table 7.3 To what degree do you feel that the profusion of AI applications will encourage the growth or fraudulent journal articles? Broken out by enrollment
- Table 7.4 To what degree do you feel that the profusion of AI applications will encourage the growth or fraudulent journal articles? Broken out by public or private college
- Table 7.5 To what degree do you feel that the profusion of AI applications will encourage the growth or fraudulent journal articles? Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
- Table 7.6 To what degree do you feel that the profusion of AI applications will encourage the growth or fraudulent journal articles? Broken out by gender of respondent
- Table 7.7 To what degree do you feel that the profusion of AI applications will encourage the growth or fraudulent journal articles? Broken out by age of respondent
Methodology
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