Hydrogen infrastructure is the comprehensive network of facilities, technologies, and systems required to support the entire lifecycle of hydrogen as an energy carrier. This encompasses everything from hydrogen production, storage, transportation, and utilization, all geared towards harnessing hydrogen as a clean and sustainable source of energy. Hydrogen is generated through various methods like steam methane reforming, electrolysis, and biomass gasification during the hydrogen production phase. To address hydrogen's low volumetric energy density, effective storage methods like compression and liquefaction are utilized. Hydrogen transportation involves the movement of hydrogen from production facilities to distribution points and end-users. This is achieved using methods such as gaseous hydrogen tube trailers and liquid hydrogen tankers.
The distribution phase centers around the network of pipelines and local distribution centers that deliver hydrogen to its end users. These users span industrial facilities, fueling stations, and even residential applications. Hydrogen utilization encompasses a wide range of applications, including fuel cells, hydrogen combustion in internal combustion engines, and its use as a feedstock in various industrial processes. To enable the use of hydrogen-powered vehicles and other hydrogen-based transport, hydrogen fueling stations play a crucial role in supplying hydrogen to fuel-cell electric vehicles and related transportation options. Overall, establishing a well-developed hydrogen infrastructure is fundamental for promoting hydrogen as a sustainable energy solution and facilitating its integration into various sectors of the economy.
The hydrogen infrastructure market size is studied on the basis of production, storage, delivery, and region. Based on production, the hydrogen infrastructure market is divided into steam methane reforming, coal gasification, electrolysis, and others. Electrolysis is a process of converting water into hydrogen and oxygen molecules when electricity is applied. This is done through devices called electrolyzers. The electrolyzer systems are used for breaking water into hydrogen and oxygen through electrolysis. The electrolyzers consist of a cathode, an anode, and a membrane. Hydrogen is collected on the cathode side, which is further stored for use in various industries. Oxygen is either released into the atmosphere or collected and used in further industrial processes.
By storage, the market is categorized into compression, liquefaction, and material based. Liquefaction is particularly important for large-scale storage and transportation of hydrogen because liquid hydrogen has a much higher volumetric energy density compared to gaseous hydrogen, making it more space-efficient. Liquefaction is the process of cooling hydrogen gas to extremely low temperatures, below its boiling point of approximately -253°C (-423°F), at atmospheric pressure. When hydrogen is cooled to these temperatures, it undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid, and its volume reduces significantly. Liquid hydrogen has a density of about 70.8 kg/m³ (at -253°C), which is approximately 1/800th the density of gaseous hydrogen at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. This tremendous reduction in volume allows for more efficient storage and transportation.
Depending on the delivery, the market is classified into transportation, refinery, power generation, and hydrogen refueling stations. Refineries are industrial facilities that process crude oil or other raw materials to produce various refined products such as gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and chemicals. These facilities play a crucial role in the petroleum industry by converting raw materials into valuable end products. In refineries, grey hydrogen is often used to remove sulfur from crude oil, a process known as hydrodesulfurization.
By region, the hydrogen infrastructure market analysis is done across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and LAMEA (Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa). Hydrogen infrastructure in North America has been steadily growing, driven by a strong commitment to decarbonization and the transition to clean energy sources. While progress varies across different regions and countries in North America, several developments and initiatives have been taken to boost the infrastructure. California has been a leader in hydrogen infrastructure development in the United States. The state has several hydrogen refueling stations, particularly in the Los Angeles and San Francisco areas, to support the growing number of fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) on the roads. States in the Northeast, including New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Jersey, have collaborated on regional initiatives to promote clean energy, including hydrogen. Various research projects and public-private partnerships are advancing hydrogen infrastructure in this region.
The major players operating in the hydrogen infrastructure industry are Air Liquide, Linde plc, Nel Hydrogen ASA, Plug Power, Inc., Shell plc, ITM Power plc, Ballard Power Systems, McPhy Energy, Cummins, Inc., and Engie SA. Some countries in South-East Asia, such as Singapore and Malaysia, have shown interest in developing hydrogen infrastructure and have launched pilot projects and research initiatives to explore hydrogen's potential in the region. The Asia-Pacific region has also engaged in international collaborations to advance hydrogen infrastructure development. For example, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and other international organizations have been supporting hydrogen initiatives in the region.
The drivers, restraints, and opportunities are explained in the report to better understand the market dynamics. This report further highlights the key areas of investment. In addition, it includes Porter’s five forces analysis to understand the competitive scenario of the industry and the role of each stakeholder. The report features strategies adopted by key market players to maintain their foothold in the market. Furthermore, it highlights the competitive landscape of key players to increase their market share and sustain the intense competition in the industry.
Key Benefits For Stakeholders
- This report provides a quantitative analysis of the market segments, current trends, estimations, and dynamics of the hydrogen infrastructure market analysis from 2022 to 2032 to identify the prevailing hydrogen infrastructure market opportunities.
- The market research is offered along with information related to key drivers, restraints, and opportunities.
- Porter's five forces analysis highlights the potency of buyers and suppliers to enable stakeholders make profit-oriented business decisions and strengthen their supplier-buyer network.
- In-depth analysis of the hydrogen infrastructure market segmentation assists to determine the prevailing market opportunities.
- Major countries in each region are mapped according to their revenue contribution to the global market.
- Market player positioning facilitates benchmarking and provides a clear understanding of the present position of the market players.
- The report includes the analysis of the regional as well as global hydrogen infrastructure market trends, key players, market segments, application areas, and market growth strategies.
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Key Market Segments
By Production
- Steam Methane Reforming
- Coal Gasification
- Electrolysis
- Others
By Storage
- Compression
- Liquefaction
- Material Based
By Delivery
- Transportation
- Refinery
- Power Generation
- Hydrogen Refueling Stations
By Region
- North America
- U.S.
- Canada
- Mexico
- Europe
- Germany
- UK
- France
- Italy
- Spain
- Rest of Europe
- Asia-Pacific
- China
- Japan
- India
- South Korea
- Australia
- Rest of Asia-Pacific
- LAMEA
- Brazil
- Saudi Arabia
- South Africa
- Rest of LAMEA
Key Market Players
- Air Liquide
- Ballard Power Systems
- Cummins, Inc.
- Engie SA
- ITM Power PLC
- Linde Plc
- McPhy Energy
- Nel Hydrogen AS
- Plug Power Inc.
- Shell Plc.
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Table of Contents
Executive Summary
According to this report, the hydrogen infrastructure market was valued at $4.9 billion in 2022, and is estimated to reach $13.5 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 10% from 2023 to 2032.The hydrogen infrastructure is a network of interconnected facilities, technologies, and systems that play a crucial role in the entire lifecycle of hydrogen as an energy carrier. This involves the production, storage, transportation, and utilization of hydrogen to create a clean and sustainable energy source. Hydrogen can be produced using different methods like steam methane reforming, electrolysis, and biomass gasification. Overcoming hydrogen's low volumetric energy density requires storage methods such as compression and liquefaction. Transportation of hydrogen from production facilities to distribution points and end-users involves various methods like gaseous hydrogen tube trailers and liquid hydrogen tankers. Hydrogen distribution is facilitated by a system of pipelines and local distribution centers that deliver hydrogen to end-users, including industrial facilities, fueling stations, and residential applications. Hydrogen finds numerous applications, such as fuel cells, hydrogen combustion in internal combustion engines, and serving as a feedstock in industrial processes. For the effective supply of hydrogen to fuel-cell electric vehicles and other hydrogen-powered transport, hydrogen fueling stations are of utmost importance in the infrastructure.
Hydrogen produces only water vapor as a byproduct when utilized in fuel cells or hydrogen combustion, making it a clean and emissions-free energy carrier. It can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants, contributing to combating climate change and improving air quality. Hydrogen has a high energy density by weight, making it suitable for applications where weight is a critical factor, such as in transportation, especially for long-range heavy-duty vehicles. Establishing a hydrogen infrastructure requires significant upfront investment in production facilities, distribution networks, and fueling stations. The high capital costs deter private investors and companies from committing to hydrogen projects. Access to sustainable sources of hydrogen feedstock, such as renewable energy or low-carbon natural gas, can be a limiting factor for large-scale hydrogen production.
Developing hydrogen infrastructure creates new economic opportunities and jobs in sectors like manufacturing, construction, and technology. This can stimulate economic growth and support a transition to a green economy. Hydrogen can play a vital role in decarbonizing various sectors, such as transportation, industry, and power generation. By using hydrogen as a clean energy carrier, these sectors can reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to global efforts to combat climate change.
The hydrogen infrastructure market size is studied on the basis of production, storage, delivery, and region. Based on production, the hydrogen infrastructure market is divided into steam methane reforming, coal gasification, electrolysis, and others. By storage, the market is categorized into compression, liquefaction, and material based. Depending on the delivery, the market is classified into transportation, refinery, power generation, and hydrogen refueling stations. By region, the hydrogen infrastructure market analysis is done across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and LAMEA (Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa).
The major players operating in the hydrogen infrastructure industry are Air Liquide, Linde plc, Nel Hydrogen ASA, Plug Power, Inc., Shell plc, ITM Power plc, Ballard Power Systems, McPhy Energy, Cummins, Inc., and Engie SA.
The report offers a thorough analysis of the hydrogen infrastructure market with a detailed study of various aspects of the market such as market dynamics, vital segments, major geographies, key players, and competitive landscape. The report provides a clear picture of the current market situation and future trends of the hydrogen infrastructure market based on the impact of various market dynamics and vital forces influencing the market. The drivers and opportunities in the market contributing to the market growth are acknowledged in the market dynamics. Besides, challenges and restraints that hold potential to hamper the market growth are also premeditated in the hydrogen infrastructure market. Porter's five forces analysis is delivered through the report which precisely highlights the effects of key forces on the hydrogen infrastructure market. The report offers market size and estimations analyzing the hydrogen infrastructure market through various segments.
In addition, the report includes a geographical market analysis of these segments. Each segment entailed in the report is studied at regional and country levels as well to provide complete coverage of the hydrogen infrastructure market. The report categorizes the hydrogen infrastructure market into four major geographies including North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and LAMEA. These geographies are further sub-categorized into countries to cover the hydrogen infrastructure market scenario across in respective regions. Furthermore, the report covers the competitive scenario of the hydrogen infrastructure market. The key players operating in the hydrogen infrastructure market are studied in the report to understand their current market position and competitive strengths in the industry. The report profiles 10 key companies. Moreover, the company profiles include various data points such as company overview, company executives, recent financials of the company, major growth strategies espoused by the company, new initiatives, and advancements by the company to sustain and mend their position in the hydrogen infrastructure market, and others.
Companies Mentioned
- Air Liquide
- Ballard Power Systems
- Cummins, Inc.
- Engie SA
- ITM Power PLC
- Linde Plc
- McPhy Energy
- Nel Hydrogen AS
- Plug Power Inc.
- Shell Plc.
Methodology
The analyst offers exhaustive research and analysis based on a wide variety of factual inputs, which largely include interviews with industry participants, reliable statistics, and regional intelligence. The in-house industry experts play an instrumental role in designing analytic tools and models, tailored to the requirements of a particular industry segment. The primary research efforts include reaching out participants through mail, tele-conversations, referrals, professional networks, and face-to-face interactions.
They are also in professional corporate relations with various companies that allow them greater flexibility for reaching out to industry participants and commentators for interviews and discussions.
They also refer to a broad array of industry sources for their secondary research, which typically include; however, not limited to:
- Company SEC filings, annual reports, company websites, broker & financial reports, and investor presentations for competitive scenario and shape of the industry
- Scientific and technical writings for product information and related preemptions
- Regional government and statistical databases for macro analysis
- Authentic news articles and other related releases for market evaluation
- Internal and external proprietary databases, key market indicators, and relevant press releases for market estimates and forecast
Furthermore, the accuracy of the data will be analyzed and validated by conducting additional primaries with various industry experts and KOLs. They also provide robust post-sales support to clients.
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