Phosphoric Acid Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Opportunity and Forecast, 2019-2029F

The Phosphoric Acid Market was valued at USD 43.01 billion in 2023, and is expected to reach USD 55.07 Billion by 2030, rising at a CAGR of 3.75%..

The Global Phosphoric Acid Market is experiencing significant growth, primarily driven by the increasing demand for fertilizers in agriculture. Phosphoric acid is a crucial component in the production of phosphate fertilizers, which are essential for enhancing crop yields and sustaining food production in a growing global population. As farmers seek to improve soil fertility and crop quality, the need for phosphoric acid continues to rise. This trend is further fuelled by the shift towards more sustainable agricultural practices, where the efficient use of fertilizers can lead to better resource management and reduced environmental impact.

Opportunities within the phosphoric acid market are expanding, particularly with advancements in production technologies and the development of specialty phosphates. Innovations aimed at increasing the efficiency of phosphoric acid production can lower costs and improve output quality. Additionally, the rising interest in organic and bio-based fertilizers presents a niche market for phosphoric acid derivatives. As industries seek more sustainable solutions, the potential for phosphoric acid in new applications - such as food additives, cleaning agents, and pharmaceuticals - offers promising avenues for growth. Companies that invest in research and development to explore these opportunities will likely gain a competitive edge.

Key Market Drivers

Increasing Demand for Phosphate Fertilizers

The increasing demand for phosphate fertilizers is a significant driver for the global phosphoric acid market due to its essential role in agricultural productivity. Phosphoric acid serves as a key raw material in the production of fertilizers such as diammonium phosphate (DAP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), and triple superphosphate (TSP). These fertilizers provide phosphorus, a vital nutrient required for plant growth, aiding in root development, energy transfer, and overall crop health. With the global population continuously growing, there is an escalating need to enhance food production, particularly in regions with limited arable land. Farmers are relying on phosphate-based fertilizers to maximize yields and meet the rising demand for staple crops like rice, wheat, and maize.

The demand is particularly strong in emerging economies where agriculture forms the backbone of the economy. Countries in Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and Africa are experiencing rapid agricultural expansion driven by government initiatives to improve food security and increase exports. Subsidies on fertilizers and policies encouraging their use have further boosted the consumption of phosphate-based products in these regions. In developed countries, precision farming and sustainable agricultural practices are gaining traction, driving demand for high-efficiency phosphate fertilizers that minimize environmental impact while maintaining high productivity.

Global shifts towards bio-based and eco-friendly farming solutions have also impacted the market. Slow-release and controlled-release phosphate fertilizers are gaining popularity for their ability to deliver nutrients over time, reducing waste and environmental damage. This trend is encouraging innovation in phosphoric acid applications for advanced fertilizer formulations. As agricultural practices evolve to balance productivity and sustainability, the need for phosphate fertilizers, and consequently phosphoric acid, is expected to remain a key growth driver for the market, ensuring consistent demand across both developed and developing regions.

Government Initiatives and Agricultural Policies

Government initiatives and agricultural policies play a pivotal role in driving the demand for phosphoric acid, particularly through their focus on improving food security, boosting agricultural productivity, and promoting sustainable farming practices. Many governments around the world provide subsidies and financial incentives for the production and use of phosphate-based fertilizers to encourage farmers to adopt them. These measures help reduce the cost burden on farmers and ensure access to essential agricultural inputs, leading to increased fertilizer application and higher crop yields. Such initiatives are especially prominent in developing nations, where agriculture is a critical component of the economy and a means of livelihood for a significant portion of the population.

Agricultural reforms often emphasize the importance of balanced fertilization to maintain soil health and enhance long-term productivity. Policies promoting the use of fertilizers like diammonium phosphate (DAP) and monoammonium phosphate (MAP), which rely on phosphoric acid as a core ingredient, are widely implemented. Governments in countries such as India, China, and Brazil have introduced schemes to ensure a steady supply of affordable fertilizers and have established partnerships with fertilizer manufacturers to meet the growing demand.

Efforts to improve sustainability in agriculture are also contributing to market growth. Policies aimed at reducing environmental impacts, such as encouraging the use of slow-release and eco-friendly fertilizers, are driving innovation in phosphoric acid applications. Incentives for precision farming technologies, which optimize fertilizer use and minimize waste, are creating additional opportunities for phosphoric acid in advanced formulations.

Global initiatives led by organizations such as the FAO and regional programs addressing food security challenges are amplifying the need for efficient agricultural inputs. These measures not only stimulate the phosphoric acid market but also encourage investment in production capacity and technological advancements to meet policy objectives, ensuring long-term growth.

Technological Advancements in Production Processes

Technological advancements in production processes are driving the growth of the global phosphoric acid market by enhancing efficiency, reducing costs, and minimizing environmental impact. Modernization of production techniques has significantly improved the yield and purity of phosphoric acid, enabling manufacturers to meet the growing demand across various industries. Innovations in acidulation technologies, such as the development of the wet process and dry process methods, have streamlined phosphoric acid production, making it more cost-effective and scalable. These advancements have lowered energy consumption and reduced the amount of waste generated during the manufacturing process, making it more environmentally sustainable.

One of the key technological improvements has been the refinement of phosphate rock processing methods, which increases the overall efficiency of phosphoric acid extraction. Improved control systems, automation, and integration of digital technologies in manufacturing facilities have led to better monitoring and optimization of production processes. This has resulted in higher-quality phosphoric acid with fewer impurities, which is essential for applications in high-purity sectors such as electronics, pharmaceuticals, and food processing.

The shift toward greener, more sustainable practices in phosphoric acid production is another important factor. Efforts to minimize the environmental footprint have led to the development of cleaner technologies that reduce emissions and water usage. For example, advancements in solvent extraction and membrane technologies are being explored to further refine the production process. The ability to recover and reuse by-products in a circular economy model also contributes to reducing waste and enhancing sustainability.

These technological improvements not only benefit the fertilizer industry but are also enabling the development of new applications for phosphoric acid, including in the production of lithium iron phosphate batteries for electric vehicles and renewable energy storage. As these innovations continue, they are expected to drive both market growth and the adoption of phosphoric acid in a broader range of industries.

Key Market Challenges

Fluctuating Raw Material Prices

Fluctuating raw material prices pose a significant challenge for the global phosphoric acid market, driven primarily by the volatility in the cost of phosphate rock, the key raw material. Phosphate rock prices are heavily influenced by global supply and demand dynamics, geopolitical factors, trade policies, and mining regulations. Any disruptions in major producing regions, such as export restrictions in key suppliers like Morocco or China, political instability, or shifts in trade agreements, can lead to sudden price spikes or supply shortages. Energy costs, particularly for fossil fuels, also play a crucial role since phosphate rock extraction and processing are energy intensive. Rising energy prices directly increase production costs, further complicating the economic landscape for manufacturers.

This volatility creates significant challenges for producers in managing profitability and pricing strategies. Producers often face difficulties maintaining profit margins, especially in the fertilizer industry, where phosphoric acid is a critical input and product prices are typically competitive and pre-negotiated. Sudden increases in raw material costs force manufacturers to absorb losses or risk losing market share by raising prices, which can suppress demand. Such instability also hinders long-term planning and investment, as accurately predicting raw material costs becomes a challenge.

The depletion of high-grade phosphate rock reserves adds another layer to the problem. Extracting lower-grade deposits requires more intensive processing, leading to higher operational costs and inefficiencies. This issue necessitates significant investment in technology to improve resource utilization, increasing financial strain. Developing alternative sources or enhancing recycling efforts may provide relief, but these approaches require time and resources. The inability to mitigate these fluctuations effectively could slow market growth and create uncertainties across the supply chain, affecting not only producers but also downstream industries reliant on phosphoric acid.

Limited Availability of High-Quality Phosphate Reserves

The limited availability of high-quality phosphate reserves is a critical challenge for the global phosphoric acid market, directly affecting production efficiency and cost. High-grade phosphate rock, the primary raw material for phosphoric acid, is becoming increasingly scarce as global reserves are depleted. Most of the remaining deposits are of lower grade, requiring more extensive processing to extract usable phosphate. This not only increases the cost of production but also leads to greater energy consumption and higher emissions, creating environmental concerns and adding to operational challenges.

Global production of phosphate rock is concentrated in a few regions, such as North Africa, China, and the United States, making the supply chain vulnerable to regional disruptions. Export restrictions, political instability, and resource nationalism in these key producing countries can exacerbate supply shortages, driving up costs and creating uncertainties for manufacturers reliant on steady raw material supplies. The need to secure reliable sources of high-quality phosphate rock often forces companies to invest in long-term agreements or acquire mining assets, which involves significant capital expenditure.

Processing low-grade phosphate rock also generates more waste, such as phosphogypsum, increasing disposal challenges and environmental compliance costs. The rising focus on sustainable production and stricter regulations surrounding waste management further complicate the situation for producers. Recycling phosphorus from waste streams or developing alternative technologies for phosphoric acid production can help mitigate this challenge, but these solutions require significant investment in research and development.

The limited availability of high-quality reserves is expected to drive innovation and force the industry to explore more sustainable methods of production. However, the transition to alternative sources or improved processing techniques will likely increase costs in the short term, creating financial pressures across the value chain and posing challenges to maintain competitive pricing in the global market.

Key Market Trends

Adoption in Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) Battery Production

The adoption of phosphoric acid in lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery production is emerging as a significant trend in the global market, driven by the rapid growth of the electric vehicle (EV) and renewable energy sectors. LFP batteries, which use lithium iron phosphate as a cathode material, are favored for their safety, longer life cycles, thermal stability, and cost-effectiveness compared to other lithium-ion battery chemistries. Phosphoric acid plays a critical role in synthesizing the phosphate component of these batteries, ensuring the stability and efficiency of the cathode material. As demand for EVs and energy storage systems (ESS) rises, the need for LFP batteries and, by extension, phosphoric acid, is expected to grow significantly.

Governments and industries worldwide are prioritizing the transition to clean energy, which has accelerated the deployment of EVs and renewable energy technologies. LFP batteries are increasingly preferred for these applications because they are free of expensive and geopolitically sensitive materials like cobalt and nickel, making them a more sustainable and scalable option. This trend is particularly strong in regions such as Asia-Pacific, where large-scale production facilities for LFP batteries are being established, creating a robust demand for high-purity phosphoric acid.

The growing investment in LFP battery technology, supported by advancements in manufacturing processes and materials research, is enhancing the performance and affordability of these batteries. This is further reinforcing their adoption in diverse applications, including electric buses, energy storage systems for solar and wind power, and consumer electronics. As the market for LFP batteries expands, phosphoric acid producers are increasingly aligning their strategies to cater to the specific requirements of this high-growth sector, which is expected to play a transformative role in shaping the future of energy storage and mobility solutions.

Rising Investments in the Fertilizer Sector

Rising investments in the fertilizer sector are significantly influencing the global phosphoric acid market, as phosphoric acid is a critical component in the production of key fertilizers. Governments and private companies are recognizing the importance of boosting agricultural productivity to meet the increasing demand for food driven by a growing global population. Investments in the fertilizer sector are expected to rise as countries intensify efforts to ensure food security, improve soil health, and enhance crop yields. This surge in investment is being fueled by the need for more efficient and sustainable agricultural practices, with a focus on enhancing the quality and availability of fertilizers.

The rising investments are leading to the expansion of manufacturing capacities and the development of advanced fertilizers that incorporate phosphoric acid. Companies are investing in research to create innovative fertilizers, including slow-release and nutrient-enriched variants that cater to the evolving needs of modern agriculture. The push for higher crop yields, coupled with the global trend toward precision farming, is further driving demand for high-quality fertilizers, particularly in emerging markets. These regions, where agricultural productivity is still catching up to global standards, are seeing a spike in investments aimed at modernizing their farming techniques and boosting fertilizer accessibility.

For instance, in October 2023, the expansion of the chemical industry continues with major investments in Saudi Arabia. The largest chemical project was completed in 2022, which was a third ammonia production plant for the state-owned Saudi Arabian Mining Company (Ma'aden) in Ras Al Khair on the east coast. The plant has an annual capacity of 1.2 million tonnes. Ma'aden uses the ammonia primarily to produce phosphate fertilizers (di-ammonium phosphate/DAP, mono-ammonium phosphate/MAP). The company describes itself as the world's second largest exporter of phosphate fertilizers.

Segmental Insights

Grade Insights

In 2023, based on the grade, the industrial segment was dominated the Global Phosphoric Acid Market. This can be attributed to its widespread applications in sectors like metal treatment, water treatment, and cleaning agents. Phosphoric acid is widely used as a rust remover and metal surface treatment agent, where it helps to remove rust, scale, and other impurities from metal surfaces, enhancing their quality and durability. This use is crucial in industries such as automotive, aerospace, and construction, where metal parts and components must meet strict performance and safety standards.

The water treatment industry also relies heavily on phosphoric acid, as it is used as an effective anti-corrosive agent and scale inhibitor. Phosphoric acid helps in controlling scale formation in water pipes, boilers, and cooling systems, which is critical in industries like power generation, chemical manufacturing, and municipal water treatment. As the global focus shifts toward better water management systems, demand for phosphoric acid in water treatment continues to grow.

The cleaning and detergent industry is another major driver for the industrial segment, with phosphoric acid being a key ingredient in the formulation of household and industrial cleaning products. It effectively breaks down mineral deposits, soap scum, and other stubborn residues, making it an essential component for cleaning solutions in both residential and commercial applications. As the demand for high-performance cleaning products increases across various sectors, the industrial use of phosphoric acid is also expected to rise.

Sales Channel Insights

Based on the sales channel, the direct sales segment was dominated in the global phosphoric acid market. This is due to its efficiency in catering to large-scale industrial and agricultural buyers who require bulk quantities and tailored solutions. Manufacturers and suppliers of phosphoric acid prefer direct sales channels as they allow for establishing strong, long-term relationships with end-users, including fertilizer producers, industrial chemical manufacturers, and water treatment facilities. This approach enables suppliers to understand specific customer requirements, negotiate better terms, and offer customized services, fostering loyalty and consistent demand.

Large buyers in industries like agriculture, electronics, and industrial processing often prioritize direct procurement to ensure a stable and uninterrupted supply of phosphoric acid. Direct sales reduce intermediaries, helping buyers manage costs effectively and maintain predictable supply chains. The ability to secure bulk purchases through direct agreements also ensures cost-efficiency for manufacturers, who can allocate resources more effectively without the uncertainty introduced by intermediaries or fluctuating market dynamics.

Direct sales channels are particularly advantageous in markets with stringent quality and regulatory requirements, as manufacturers can directly assure buyers of compliance with industry standards. This is critical for sectors like food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, and electronics, where high-purity phosphoric acid is essential. Direct engagement also facilitates faster communication and resolution of issues, which is vital in maintaining operational efficiency and trust.

The rise of digital platforms and e-commerce in B2B transactions has further enhanced the efficiency of direct sales. Companies can now offer streamlined procurement processes and better inventory management, making direct sales even more appealing to buyers. With the growing emphasis on building robust supply chains and fostering transparent relationships between producers and end-users, the direct sales segment is expected to maintain its dominance in the global phosphoric acid market, particularly among industrial-scale consumers.

Regional Insights

In 2023, Asia Pacific emerged as the dominant region in the global phosphoric acid market, holding the largest market share. This is due to the region’s significant agricultural and industrial activities. The region’s prominence is driven by its status as a major consumer of fertilizers, with countries like China, India, and Indonesia leading in agricultural production.

The region’s industrial sector also contributes significantly to the demand for phosphoric acid. Its applications in water treatment, metal processing, and cleaning solutions are widely used in rapidly industrializing economies. Countries such as China and India have robust manufacturing bases that rely on phosphoric acid for various industrial processes, further boosting demand. The growth of the electronics and pharmaceutical industries in the region, which require high-purity phosphoric acid, also plays a critical role in solidifying Asia Pacific’s market dominance.

Asia Pacific is home to some of the world’s largest producers of phosphate rock, which ensures a stable supply of the primary raw material for phosphoric acid production. Countries like China and Vietnam are major players in phosphate mining, providing a cost advantage to local manufacturers. Government initiatives to support agricultural productivity and industrial development have led to significant investments in phosphoric acid production and application technologies.

Key Market Players

• OCP Group
• The Mosaic Company
• Jordan Phosphate Mines Company P.L.C
• Prayon S.A.
• ICL Group Ltd.
• Innophos Holdings, Inc.
• NIPPON CHEMICAL INDUSTRIAL CO.,LTD.
• AB Lifosa
• Merck KGaA
• J.R. Simplot Company
• Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.
• Grupa Azoty S.A.
• Ballestra S.p.A
• Columbus Chemical Industries
• LANXESS AG

Report Scope:

In this report, the Global Phosphoric Acid Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

Phosphoric Acid Market, By Grade:

• Technical
• Industrial

Phosphoric Acid Market, By End User Industry:

• Fertilizers
• Food and Feed Additives
• Pharmaceutical
• Detergent & Cleaning Agents
• Others

Phosphoric Acid Market, By Sales Channel:

• Direct Sales
• Indirect Sales

Phosphoric Acid Market, By Region:

• North America
• United States
• Canada
• Mexico
• Europe
• France
• United Kingdom
• Italy
• Germany
• Spain
• Asia-Pacific
• China
• India
• Japan
• Australia
• South Korea
• South America
• Brazil
• Argentina
• Colombia
• Middle East & Africa
• South Africa
• Saudi Arabia
• UAE

Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Phosphoric Acid Market.

Available Customizations:

With the given market data, the publisher offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report.

Company Information

• Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).

This product will be delivered within 1-3 business days.