OILS AND FATS AS RAW MATERIALS FOR INDUSTRY
This new volume emphasizes the sources, structure, chemistry, treatment, modification, and potential applications for oils and fats as raw materials in industry.
Oils and fats can be used as raw materials in many industries including food and agriculture, as surfactants in laundry detergents and cosmetics, as well as in pharmaceuticals. Moreover, unsaturated vegetable oils are also suitable to form epoxides and hence, are important in the manufacturing of paints and adhesives. Limited sources of petrochemicals and their harmful effects on health and the environment also promote the use of naturally occurring oils and fats as biodiesel after some chemical modification. Moreover, a vast variety of nonedible oils that can be obtained from easily cultivable plant species are receiving great interest from researchers because they not only yield cost-effective products but are also proven as a substrate to promote sustainable research.
In this book, the editors will cover all possible industrial applications of the products that are formed using edible and non-edible vegetable oils. Vegetable oils are not a new research area, although they are considered an evergreen or long-lasting topic as most of the research in synthetic chemistry has been carried out on vegetable oils.
Table of Contents
Preface xvii
1 Oil and Fats as Raw Materials for Industry: An Introduction 1
Sonali Kesarwani, Mukul Kumar, Divya Bajpai Tripathy, Anjali Gupta and Suneet Kumar
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Classification of Oils and Fats 4
1.3 Chronology of the Development of Oil and Fats for Industry 11
1.4 Chemistry of Oil and Fats 14
1.5 Properties of Oils and Fats 15
1.6 Applications of Oils and Fats 18
1.7 Challenges 21
1.8 Conclusion 24
2 Biotechnology for Oil and Fat 33
Nabya Nehal and Priyanka Singh
2.1 Introduction 34
2.2 Review of Literature 36
2.3 Conclusion 55
3 Sustainability of Oils and Fats Over Petrochemicals 65
Swati Chaudhary
3.1 Oils and Fats as Renewable Feedstock 66
3.2 Petrochemicals as Non-Renewable Feedstock 70
3.3 Oils and Fats vs. Petrochemicals 75
3.4 Trends in the Oleochemical Industry 76
3.5 Oleochemicals & Petrochemicals Surfactants 77
3.6 Oleochemicals-Based Products 79
3.7 Conclusion 79
4 Oils and Fats in the Food Industry 85
Garima Gupta and Priyanka Singh
4.1 Introduction 86
4.2 Sources of Oils and Fats 88
4.3 Methods of Extraction 92
4.4 Constituents of Fat and Oil 96
4.5 Physical Properties 99
4.6 Chemical Characteristics 102
4.7 Nutritional Properties 104
4.8 Applications 106
5 Oils and Fats as an Environmentally Benign Raw Material for Surfactants and Laundry Detergents 117
Subhalaxmi Pradhan, Chandu S. Madankar and Paridhi
5.1 Introduction 118
5.2 History of Laundry Detergent 118
5.3 Raw Materials in Laundry and Detergents 121
5.4 Types of Surfactants 122
5.5 Synthesis Methods 128
5.6 Market Analysis 135
5.7 Environmental Safety 137
5.8 Future Trends 138
5.9 Conclusion 139
6 Oils and Fats as Raw Materials for Cosmetics 145
Shilpi Bhatnagar and Shilpi Khurana
6.1 Introduction 145
6.2 Theoretical Aspects of Emollients 146
6.3 Commonly Used Vegetable/Plant Derived Oils 148
6.4 Lanolin and Its Derivatives 151
6.5 Lecithin 152
6.6 Essential Oils 153
6.7 Use of Waxes in Cosmetics 155
6.8 Use of Oils, Fats and Waxes in Lipsticks and Eye Care Products 157
6.9 Cleansing Creams 161
6.10 Oil Shampoo 163
6.11 Conclusion 163
7 Oil and Fats as Raw Materials for Coating Industries 169
Monika Kaurav, Kantrol Sahu, Ramakant Joshi, Wasim Akram, Pooja Mongia Raj, Rakesh Raj and Sunita Minz
7.1 Introduction 170
7.2 Vegetable Origin Oils and Fats 171
7.3 Animal Origin Fats & Oils 178
7.4 Various Applications of Oils and Fats in Coating Industry 181
7.5 Regulatory and Safety Issues of Vegetable Oil and Fats Coatings 183
7.6 Patents of Oils and Fats Used for Industrial Coating 184
7.7 Recent Approaches for Coating 185
7.8 Conclusions 189
8 Oil and Fats as Raw Materials as Corrosion Inhibitors and Biolubricants 195
Anurag Bapat, Subhalaxmi Pradhan and Chandu S. Madankar
8.1 Introduction 196
8.2 Biolubricants@from Vegetable Oil 205
8.3 Renewable Feedstocks Available in India 216
8.4 Ester-Based Lubricants from Vegetable Origin Oils (Edible and Non-Edible Oil) 219
8.5 Epoxide-Based Lubricants from Vegetable Oil 220
8.6 Conclusion 222
9 Vegetable Oils in Pharmaceutical Industry 231
Shruti Mishra, Shubhankar Anand and Achyut Pandey
9.1 Introduction 232
9.2 Olive Oil 233
9.3 Rice Bran Oil 238
9.4 Soybean Oil 240
9.5 Walnut Oil 242
9.6 Sesame Oil 243
9.7 Peanut Oil 246
9.8 Sunflower Oil 248
9.9 Conclusions 251
10 Non-Edible Oils as Biodiesel 267
Shilpi Khurana and Shilpi Bhatnagar
10.1 Introduction 267
10.2 Tussle Between Food and Fuel 269
10.3 Non-Edible Oils as Potential Feedstock 270
10.4 Non-Edible Plants as Raw Material 271
10.5 Properties of Non-Edible Oils for Biodiesel as a Future Fuel 276
10.6 Extraction of Non-Edible Oil 278
10.7 Emissions Characteristics of Non-Edible Vegetable Oils 280
10.8 Conclusion 280
11 Ecological and Economic Aspects of Oil and Fats 285
Shivang Dhoundiyal, Awaneet Kaur and Md. Aftab Alam
11.1 Introduction 285
11.2 Disparities in Price 290
11.3 Environmental Effects of Oils 293
11.4 Global Trends 298
12 Oils and Fats: Raw Materials for Corrosion Inhibitor 307
Smriti Dwivedi and Anita Kushwaha
12.1 Introduction 307
12.2 Essential Oil as Corrosion Inhibitor 309
12.3 Fatty Acids as Corrosion Inhibitors 314
12.4 Copper Corrosion Inhibitor by Fatty Amidine 315
12.5 Palm Oil as Corrosion Inhibitor 315
12.6 Flower Extracts as Corrosion Inhibitor 316
12.7 Fatty Amide Derivatives Used as Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel 317
12.8 Unsaturated Fatty Acid Derived by Microalgae as Corrosion Inhibitor 317
12.9 Other Green Inhibitors 318
12.10 Conclusions 319
References 320
Index 333
