1. Executive Summary
1.1. Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Snapshot
1.2. Future Projections
1.3. Key Market Trends
1.4. Regional Snapshot, by Value and Volume, 2024
1.5. Analyst Recommendations
2. Market Overview
2.1. Market Definitions and Segmentations
2.2. Market Dynamics
2.2.1. Drivers
2.2.2. Restraints
2.2.3. Market Opportunities
2.3. Value Chain Analysis
2.4. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
2.5. COVID-19 Impact Analysis
2.5.1. Supply
2.5.2. Demand
2.6. Impact of Ukraine-Russia Conflict
2.7. Economic Overview
2.7.1. World Economic Projections
2.8. PESTLE Analysis
3. Price Analysis, 2019 - 2023
3.1. Global Average Price Analysis, by Type/ Pricing Range, US$ Per Unit, 2019 - 2023
3.2. Prominent Factor Affecting Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Prices
3.3. Global Average Price Analysis, by Region, US$ Per Unit
4. Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Outlook, 2019 - 2031
4.1. Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Outlook, by Type, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
4.1.1. Key Highlights
4.1.1.1. Refurbished Phones
4.1.1.1.1. Company-owned
4.1.1.1.2. Consumer-owned
4.1.1.2. Used Phones
4.1.1.2.1. Trade-ins
4.1.1.2.2. Buybacks
4.2. Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Outlook, by Pricing Range, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
4.2.1. Key Highlights
4.2.1.1. Low-priced Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones (Less than $200)
4.2.1.2. Mid-Priced Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones ($200-$500)
4.2.1.3. Premium Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones (More than $500)
4.3. Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Outlook, by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
4.3.1. Key Highlights
4.3.1.1. Online/ e-Commerce Sales of Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones
4.3.1.2. Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Sold at Physical Retail Stores
4.4. Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Outlook, by Region, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
4.4.1. Key Highlights
4.4.1.1. North America
4.4.1.2. Europe
4.4.1.3. Asia Pacific
4.4.1.4. Latin America
4.4.1.5. Middle East & Africa
5. North America Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Outlook, 2019 - 2031
5.1. North America Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Outlook, by Type, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
5.1.1. Key Highlights
5.1.1.1. Refurbished Phones
5.1.1.1.1. Company-owned
5.1.1.1.2. Consumer-owned
5.1.1.2. Used Phones
5.1.1.2.1. Trade-ins
5.1.1.2.2. Buybacks
5.2. North America Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Outlook, by Pricing Range, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
5.2.1. Key Highlights
5.2.1.1. Low-priced Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones (Less than $200)
5.2.1.2. Mid-Priced Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones ($200-$500)
5.2.1.3. Premium Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones (More than $500)
5.3. North America Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Outlook, by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
5.3.1. Key Highlights
5.3.1.1. Online/ e-Commerce Sales of Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones
5.3.1.2. Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Sold at Physical Retail Stores
5.4. North America Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Outlook, by Country, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
5.4.1. Key Highlights
5.4.1.1. U.S. Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
5.4.1.2. U.S. Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Pricing Range, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
5.4.1.3. U.S. Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
5.4.1.4. Canada Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
5.4.1.5. Canada Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Pricing Range, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
5.4.1.6. Canada Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
5.4.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis
6. Europe Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Outlook, 2019 - 2031
6.1. Europe Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Outlook, by Type, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
6.1.1. Key Highlights
6.1.1.1. Refurbished Phones
6.1.1.1.1. Company-owned
6.1.1.1.2. Consumer-owned
6.1.1.2. Used Phones
6.1.1.2.1. Trade-ins
6.1.1.2.2. Buybacks
6.2. Europe Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Outlook, by Pricing Range, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
6.2.1. Key Highlights
6.2.1.1. Low-priced Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones (Less than $200)
6.2.1.2. Mid-Priced Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones ($200-$500)
6.2.1.3. Premium Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones (More than $500)
6.3. Europe Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Outlook, by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
6.3.1. Key Highlights
6.3.1.1. Online/ e-Commerce Sales of Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones
6.3.1.2. Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Sold at Physical Retail Stores
6.4. Europe Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Outlook, by Country, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
6.4.1. Key Highlights
6.4.1.1. Germany Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
6.4.1.2. Germany Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Pricing Range, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
6.4.1.3. Germany Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
6.4.1.4. U.K. Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
6.4.1.5. U.K. Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Pricing Range, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
6.4.1.6. U.K. Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
6.4.1.7. France Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
6.4.1.8. France Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Pricing Range, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
6.4.1.9. France Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
6.4.1.10. Italy Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
6.4.1.11. Italy Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Pricing Range, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
6.4.1.12. Italy Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
6.4.1.13. Turkey Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
6.4.1.14. Turkey Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Pricing Range, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
6.4.1.15. Turkey Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
6.4.1.16. Russia Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
6.4.1.17. Russia Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Pricing Range, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
6.4.1.18. Russia Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
6.4.1.19. Rest of Europe Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
6.4.1.20. Rest of Europe Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Pricing Range, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
6.4.1.21. Rest of Europe Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
6.4.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis
7. Asia Pacific Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Outlook, 2019 - 2031
7.1. Asia Pacific Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Outlook, by Type, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
7.1.1. Key Highlights
7.1.1.1. Refurbished Phones
7.1.1.1.1. Company-owned
7.1.1.1.2. Consumer-owned
7.1.1.2. Used Phones
7.1.1.2.1. Trade-ins
7.1.1.2.2. Buybacks
7.2. Asia Pacific Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Outlook, by Pricing Range, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
7.2.1. Key Highlights
7.2.1.1. Low-priced Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones (Less than $200)
7.2.1.2. Mid-Priced Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones ($200-$500)
7.2.1.3. Premium Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones (More than $500)
7.3. Asia Pacific Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Outlook, by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
7.3.1. Key Highlights
7.3.1.1. Online/ e-Commerce Sales of Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones
7.3.1.2. Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Sold at Physical Retail Stores
7.4. Asia Pacific Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Outlook, by Country, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
7.4.1. Key Highlights
7.4.1.1. China Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
7.4.1.2. China Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Pricing Range, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
7.4.1.3. China Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
7.4.1.4. Japan Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
7.4.1.5. Japan Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Pricing Range, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
7.4.1.6. Japan Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
7.4.1.7. South Korea Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
7.4.1.8. South Korea Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Pricing Range, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
7.4.1.9. South Korea Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
7.4.1.10. India Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
7.4.1.11. India Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Pricing Range, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
7.4.1.12. India Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
7.4.1.13. Southeast Asia Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
7.4.1.14. Southeast Asia Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Pricing Range, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
7.4.1.15. Southeast Asia Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
7.4.1.16. Rest of Asia Pacific Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
7.4.1.17. Rest of Asia Pacific Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Pricing Range, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
7.4.1.18. Rest of Asia Pacific Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
7.4.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis
8. Latin America Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Outlook, 2019 - 2031
8.1. Latin America Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Outlook, by Type, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
8.1.1. Key Highlights
8.1.1.1. Refurbished Phones
8.1.1.1.1. Company-owned
8.1.1.1.2. Consumer-owned
8.1.1.2. Used Phones
8.1.1.2.1. Trade-ins
8.1.1.2.2. Buybacks
8.2. Latin America Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Outlook, by Pricing Range, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
8.2.1. Key Highlights
8.2.1.1. Low-priced Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones (Less than $200)
8.2.1.2. Mid-Priced Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones ($200-$500)
8.2.1.3. Premium Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones (More than $500)
8.3. Latin America Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Outlook, by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
8.3.1. Key Highlights
8.3.1.1. Online/ e-Commerce Sales of Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones
8.3.1.2. Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Sold at Physical Retail Stores
8.4. Latin America Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Outlook, by Country, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
8.4.1. Key Highlights
8.4.1.1. Brazil Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
8.4.1.2. Brazil Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Pricing Range, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
8.4.1.3. Brazil Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
8.4.1.4. Mexico Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
8.4.1.5. Mexico Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Pricing Range, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
8.4.1.6. Mexico Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
8.4.1.7. Argentina Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
8.4.1.8. Argentina Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Pricing Range, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
8.4.1.9. Argentina Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
8.4.1.10. Rest of Latin America Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
8.4.1.11. Rest of Latin America Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Pricing Range, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
8.4.1.12. Rest of Latin America Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
8.4.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis
9. Middle East & Africa Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Outlook, 2019 - 2031
9.1. Middle East & Africa Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Outlook, by Type, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
9.1.1. Key Highlights
9.1.1.1. Refurbished Phones
9.1.1.1.1. Company-owned
9.1.1.1.2. Consumer-owned
9.1.1.2. Used Phones
9.1.1.2.1. Trade-ins
9.1.1.2.2. Buybacks
9.2. Middle East & Africa Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Outlook, by Pricing Range, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
9.2.1. Key Highlights
9.2.1.1. Low-priced Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones (Less than $200)
9.2.1.2. Mid-Priced Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones ($200-$500)
9.2.1.3. Premium Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones (More than $500)
9.3. Middle East & Africa Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Outlook, by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
9.3.1. Key Highlights
9.3.1.1. Online/ e-Commerce Sales of Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones
9.3.1.2. Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Sold at Physical Retail Stores
9.4. Middle East & Africa Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Outlook, by Country, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
9.4.1. Key Highlights
9.4.1.1. GCC Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
9.4.1.2. GCC Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Pricing Range, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
9.4.1.3. GCC Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
9.4.1.4. South Africa Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
9.4.1.5. South Africa Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Pricing Range, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
9.4.1.6. South Africa Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
9.4.1.7. Egypt Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
9.4.1.8. Egypt Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Pricing Range, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
9.4.1.9. Egypt Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
9.4.1.10. Nigeria Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
9.4.1.11. Nigeria Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Pricing Range, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
9.4.1.12. Nigeria Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
9.4.1.13. Rest of Middle East & Africa Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
9.4.1.14. Rest of Middle East & Africa Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Pricing Range, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
9.4.1.15. Rest of Middle East & Africa Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Sales Channel, Value (US$ Bn) and Volume (Million Units), 2019 - 2031
9.4.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis
10. Competitive Landscape
10.1. Company Market Share Analysis, 2024
10.2. Competitive Dashboard
10.3. Company Profiles
10.3.1. Apple Inc.
10.3.1.1. Company Overview
10.3.1.2. Product Portfolio
10.3.1.3. Financial Overview
10.3.1.4. Business Strategies and Development
10.3.2. Samsung
10.3.2.1. Company Overview
10.3.2.2. Product Portfolio
10.3.2.3. Financial Overview
10.3.2.4. Business Strategies and Development
10.3.3. Lenovo
10.3.3.1. Company Overview
10.3.3.2. Product Portfolio
10.3.3.3. Financial Overview
10.3.3.4. Business Strategies and Development
10.3.4. Huawei
10.3.4.1. Company Overview
10.3.4.2. Product Portfolio
10.3.4.3. Financial Overview
10.3.4.4. Business Strategies and Development
10.3.5. Xiaomi
10.3.5.1. Company Overview
10.3.5.2. Product Portfolio
10.3.5.3. Financial Overview
10.3.5.4. Business Strategies and Development
10.3.6. Yaantra
10.3.6.1. Company Overview
10.3.6.2. Product Portfolio
10.3.6.3. Financial Overview
10.3.6.4. Business Strategies and Development
10.3.7. Cashify
10.3.7.1. Company Overview
10.3.7.2. Product Portfolio
10.3.7.3. Financial Overview
10.3.7.4. Business Strategies and Development
10.3.8. Walmart
10.3.8.1. Company Overview
10.3.8.2. Product Portfolio
10.3.8.3. Financial Overview
10.3.8.4. Business Strategies and Development
10.3.9. Amazon
10.3.9.1. Company Overview
10.3.9.2. Product Portfolio
10.3.9.3. Financial Overview
10.3.9.4. Business Strategies and Development
10.3.10. eBay
10.3.10.1. Company Overview
10.3.10.2. Product Portfolio
10.3.10.3. Financial Overview
10.3.10.4. Business Strategies and Development
10.3.11. Paytm
10.3.11.1. Company Overview
10.3.11.2. Product Portfolio
10.3.11.3. Financial Overview
10.3.11.4. Business Strategies and Development
10.3.12. Mobiru India Private Limited
10.3.12.1. Company Overview
10.3.12.2. Product Portfolio
10.3.12.3. Financial Overview
10.3.12.4. Business Strategies and Development
10.3.13. Alibaba
10.3.13.1. Company Overview
10.3.13.2. Product Portfolio
10.3.13.3. Financial Overview
10.3.13.4. Business Strategies and Development
10.3.14. Chinarephone.com
10.3.14.1. Company Overview
10.3.14.2. Product Portfolio
10.3.14.3. Financial Overview
10.3.14.4. Business Strategies and Development
11. Appendix
11.1. Research Methodology
11.2. Report Assumptions
11.3. Acronyms and Abbreviations