A major transformation in the world of networks is underway, as the focus shifts from physical technology to software-based solutions.
In this book, the authors present this new generation of networks that are based in the Cloud by detailing the transition from a complex environment to a simple digital infrastructure. This infrastructure brings together connected devices, the antennas that collect radio waves, the optical fibers that carry signals and the data center that handles all of the different processes.
From this perspective, the data center becomes the brain, managing network services, controls, automation, intelligence, security and other applications. This architecture is relevant to carrier networks, the Internet of Things, enterprise networks and the global networks of the major Internet companies.
Cloud and Edge Networking further discusses developments at the border of networks, the Edge, where data is processed as near as possible to the source. Over the next ten years, the Edge will become a major strategic factor.
Table of Contents
Preface xi
Chapter 1 Introduction to Edge and Cloud Networking 1
1.1 Introduction to the digital infrastructure 1
1.2 Cloud services 7
1.3 Cloud Networking 9
1.4 Network Functions Virtualization 14
1.5 Conclusion 16
1.6 References 16
Chapter 2 The Cloud Continuum 19
2.1 Cloud Continuum levels 19
2.2 Cloud Continuum Networks 22
2.3 The Cloud Continuum and the digitization of companies 23
2.4 Example of digital infrastructure 25
2.5 Conclusion 28
2.6 References 28
Chapter 3 Digital Infrastructure Architecture 31
3.1 The evolution of enterprise information system architectures 31
3.2 The Open Infrastructure Foundation architecture 36
3.3 The Cloud Native Computing Foundation architecture 42
3.4 Gaia-X 49
3.5 Conclusion 54
3.6 References 54
Chapter 4 Open-Source Architectures for Edge and Cloud Networking 57
4.1 Organizations and the main open sources 57
4.2 The main open-source projects 57
4.3 Conclusion 69
4.4 References 70
Chapter 5 Software-Defined Networking (SDN) 73
5.1 Introduction to Software-Defined Networking 73
5.2 ONF architecture 74
5.3 Southbound interfaces and controllers 80
5.4 The northbound interface and the application plan 82
5.5 Conclusion 84
5.6 References 85
Chapter 6 Edge and Cloud Networking Commercial Products 87
6.1 Introduction to SDN products 87
6.2 Fabric control 87
6.2.1 NSX from VMware 89
6.2.2 Cisco Application Centric Infrastructure 92
6.2.3 OpenContrail and Juniper 94
6.2.4 Nokia SDN Architecture 95
6.3 Software-Defined Wide Area Network 96
6.3.1 The basics of SD-WAN 96
6.3.2 SD-WAN 2.0 101
6.3.3 SD-Branch 102
6.4 Secure Access Service Edge 103
6.5 Virtual Customer Premises Equipment 105
6.6 vWi-Fi 107
6.7 Virtual Radio Access Network 109
6.8 Virtual Evolved Packet Core and virtual 5GCore 110
6.9 Conclusion 111
6.10 References 111
Chapter 7 OpenFlow, P4, Opflex and I2RS 113
7.1 OpenFlow signaling 113
7.2 P4 120
7.3 OpFlex 121
7.4 I2RS 122
7.5 Conclusion 123
7.6 References 124
Chapter 8 Edge and Cloud Networking Operators 127
8.1 Edge Networking in 5G architecture 127
8.2 Cloud RAN 130
8.3 Cloud Networking at the heart of 5G 132
8.4 The Cloud and the new Ethernet and Wi-Fi generations 134
8.5 Enterprise 5G Edge Networks 136
8.6 Conclusion 138
8.7 References 138
Chapter 9 Cloud Networking Protocols 141
9.1 Low-level protocols 142
9.1.1 Radio over Fiber 143
9.1.2 Ethernet over Fiber 144
9.2 Virtual extensible LAN 144
9.3 Network Virtualization using Generic Routing Encapsulation 146
9.4 Ethernet MEF 146
9.5 Ethernet Carrier Grade 147
9.6 Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links 150
9.7 Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol 152
9.8 Conclusion 153
9.9 References 153
Chapter 10 Edge and Cloud Networking in the IoT 155
10.1 Internet of Things networks 156
10.2 Low Power Wide Area Networks 158
10.3 PAN and LAN networks for the IoT 162
10.4 Telecommunications operator networks for the IoT 166
viii Cloud and Edge Networking
10.5 Platform for the IoT 169
10.6 Conclusion 178
10.7 References 178
Chapter 11 Cloud Continuum in Vehicular Networks 181
11.1 ETSI ITS-G5 183
11.2 5G standardization 185
11.2.1 5G vehicular networks 185
11.2.2 C-V2X technology overview 187
11.3 Visible light communication 189
11.4 The architecture of vehicular networks 190
11.5 Conclusion 193
11.6 References 193
Chapter 12 The Cloud Continuum and Industry 4.0 199
12.1 The features needed to achieve Industry 4.0 201
12.2 Technical specifications for 5G 203
12.3 Cloud and Edge for Industry 4.0 205
12.4 Conclusion 207
12.5 References 208
Chapter 13 AI for Cloud and Edge Networking 211
13.1 The knowledge plane 211
13.2 Artificial intelligence and Software-Defined Networking 214
13.3 AI and Cloud Networking management 217
13.4 AI through digital twins 218
13.5 Conclusion 221
13.6 References 223
Chapter 14 Cloud and Edge Networking Security 229
14.1 The Security Cloud 229
14.2 SIM-based security 230
14.3 Blockchain and Cloud 233
14.4 Cloud Networking security 234
14.5 Edge Networking security 241
14.5.1 Security of 5G MEC 241
14.5.2 Threats to Network Functions Virtualization 242
14.5.3 Fog security 243
14.5.4 Protection of intelligent processes in the Edge 244
14.5.5 Client security through the use of HSM 245
14.6 Conclusion 246
14.7 References 247
Chapter 15 Accelerators 253
15.1 The DPDK accelerator 254
15.2 The FD.io accelerator 258
15.3 Hardware virtualization 260
15.4 Conclusion 263
15.5 References 263
Chapter 16 The Future of Edge and Cloud Networking 267
16.1 5G continuity 269
16.2 Fully distributed networks 272
16.3 Cloud Continuum-based networks 275
16.4 Edge and Cloud properties 276
16.5 Conclusion 278
16.6 References 278
Conclusion 283
List of Authors 285
Index 287
