Blockchain Technology in Healthcare - Concepts,Methodologies, and Applications

Table of Contents

• Contents
• Foreword
• Preface
• List of Contributors

Chapter 1 Utilizing Blockchain Technology to Improve Clinical

• Trials
• Sakthi Kumaresh, Neha Sharma and Krishna Balu Priya Iyer

1. Introduction
1.1. Background
1.2. The Problem
1.3. The Proposed Solution
2. Literature Survey
3. Understanding Clinical Trial
3.1. Introduction to Clinical Research
3.2. Stakeholders in Clinical Trails
3.3. Clinical Drug Development Phases
3.3.1. Phase 1: Discovery and Development
3.3.2. Phase 2: Pre- Clinical Research
3.3.3. Phase 3: Clinical Development
3.3.4. Phase 4: Regulatory Approval
3.3.5. Phase 5: Post-Market Monitoring
3.4. Steps in Clinical Trail
3.4.1. Stage 0:
3.4.2. Stage 1:
3.4.3. Stage 2:
3.4.4. Stage 3:
3.4.5. Stage 4:
3.5. Approval from the Regulatory Authority
3.6. Efficacy of Blockchain in Clinical Trials
4. Clinical Data Management (Cdm)
4.1. Introduction to Clinical Data Management
4.2. Mechanism
4.3. Data Management in Blockchain
4.3.1. Data Traceability With Security
4.3.2. Patients' Engagement and Consent Management
4.3.4. Reporting to Regulators
5. Blockchain Architecture
5.1. Permissioned Blockchain Architecture for Clinical Trial
6. Consensus Protocol
6.1. Proof of Elapsed Time (Poet)
6.2. Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (Pbft)
7. Blockchain Platform
7.1. Hyperledger Platform
7.1.1. Hyperledger Characteristics:
7.2. Stakeholders in Clinical Trial Blockchain Network
7.3. Partition Network Channels and Smart Contract
7.3.1. Smart Contract Enabled Roster Channel (Scerc)
7.3.2. Smart Contract Enabled Trial Tracking Channel (Scettc)
7.3.3. Smart Contract Enabled Analysis Channel (Sceac)
7.3.4. Smart Contract Enabled Reporting Channel (Scerc)
8. Challenges in Implementing Blockchain in Clinical Trial
8.1. Security
8.1.1. Selfish Mining
8.2. Scalability
8.2.1. Throughput
8.2.2. Cost and Capacity
8.2.3. Networking
8.2.4. Ways to Solve the Problem of Scalability
8.3. Transparency

• Conclusion
• References

Chapter 2 Securing Clinical Trials Data With Blockchain

• Payal Saluja

1. Introduction
2. Conducting Clinical Trials
2.1. Stakeholders of Clinical Trials
3. Clinical Data Management Systems (Cdm)
3.1. Trial Design and Preliminary Trial Registration
3.2. Participant Enrollment
3.3. Data Processing & Freezing
3.4. Publication
3.5. Regulatory Application
4. Data Collection During Clinical Trials
4.1. Paper Crf
4.2. Electronic Crfs (Ecrf)
5. Requirements of Cdm
6. Data Security Related Challenges of Cdm for Clinical Trial
6.1. Adherence to Gcp
6.2. Data Traceability
6.3. Traceability of Volunteer/ Patient Data for Enrollment
7. Blockchain Technology
8. Smart Contracts
9. Role of Blockchain in Data Management of Clinical Trials
10. Following Are the Benefits of Blockchain Technology For

• Data Management

10.1. Data Security
10.2. Data Quality
10.3. Data Traceability
10.4. Data Sharing:
10.5. Real-Time Data Analysis
11. Traditional Clinical Trial System
12. Cloud-Based Clinical Data Management System
13. Proposed Blockchain-Based Clinical Data Management System

• Conclusion
• References

Chapter 3 a Complete Review of Block Chain Technology in The

• Health Sector
• Sourav Kumar Giri and Sujata Dash

1. Introduction
2. Background
2.1. Blockchain Overview
2.1.1. Blockchain Architecture
2.1.2. Consensus, Mining & Incentives
2.1.3. Advantages & Disadvantages
2.2. Cryptography in Blockchain
2.2.1. Asymmetric Key Cryptography
2.2.2. Hash Functions
2.3. Smart Contract
3. Review of the Application of Blockchain in Healthcare
3.1. Electronic Health Records
3.2. Medicine Supply Chain Management
4. Proposed Blockchain Model for Health Insurance
5. Open Issues & Future Scope

• Conclusion
• References

Chapter 4 Blockchain and Clinical Trials for Health Informatics

• Charles O. Adetunji, Olugbemi T. Olaniyan, Mayowa J. Adeniyi, Omosigho Omoruyi
• Pius, Shakira Ghazanfar, Wajya Ajmal and Olorunsola Adeyomoye

1. Introduction
2. Principles of Blockchain
3. Types of Blockchain
4. Applications in Health Care
5. Blockchain in Analytics: Data, Model, and Computation
6. Current Landscape and Challenges

• Conclusion
• References

Chapter 5 Blockchain Technology: a Vehicle for Efficient And

• Comprehensive Medical Application Solutions
• Bhupesh Deka, Sujata Dash and Abinash Panda

1. Introduction
2. Blockchain Technology Vs. Traditional Methods
3. Block Chain in Healthcare Applications
3.1. Management of Medical Records
3.2. Internet of Medical Things
3.3. Implementation in Billing and Insurance Claim
3.4. Pharmaceutical Uses
3.5. Supply Chain Management
3.6. Implementation in Clinical/Biomedical Research
3.7. Advanced Biomedical/Health Care Data Ledger
4. Potential Problems and Challenges
5. Proposed Solution

• Conclusion
• References

Chapter 6 Blockchain: Blocking Hassles in Healthcare

• Jyoti Kukreja and Ahmed Chowdhary

1. Introduction
1.1. Electronic Health Records
1.2. Personal Health Records Management
1.3. Remote Patient Monitoring
1.4. Clinical Trial Management
2. Discussion
2.1. Challenges Related to Security
2.2. Challenges Related to Privacy
2.3. Challenges Related to Interoperability
2.4. Challenges Related to Storage Requirements
2.5. Challenges Related to Computing Power Limitations
2.6. Challenges Related to Scalability and Latency
2.7. Relevance of the Study
3. Literature Review
3.1. Research Design
4. Research Methodology
5. Findings
5.1. Respondents’ Profile
6. Recommendations
6.1. Engagement Between Researchers and Regulators
6.2. Clinical Research Pilots
6.3. Privacy and Security Countermeasures
6.4. Interoperability Standards

• Conclusion
• Future Research Directions
• References

Chapter 7 Advancing Health Research Data Analysis With Blockchain

• Technology
• Charles O. Adetunji, Olugbemi. T. Olaniyan, Mayowa. J. Adeniyi, Omosigho Omoruyi
• Pius, Shakira Ghazanfar and Olorunsola Adeyomoye

1. Introduction
2. Bitcoin and Private Blockchain Limitations for Health Care

• Applications

3. Blockchain Technologies for Biomedical and Healthcare

• Applications
• Conclusion
• References

Chapter 8 Blockchain Technology as a Tool for Prediction And

• Prevention of the Spread of Covid-19
• Suchismita Swain, Kamalakanta Muduli and Aezeden Mohamed

1. Introduction
2. Problem Statement
3. Literature Review
4. Theoretical Framework
5. Research Methodology
6. Practical Applications of Block Chain Technology in Combating

• Covid-19

6.1. Prediction and Spread Prevention
6.2. Treatment
6.3. Tracking Infectious Disease
6.4. Donation Tracking
6.5. Crisis Management
6.6. Securing Medical Supply Chains

Author

• Nilayam Kumar Kamila
• Sujata Dash
• Subhendu Kumar Pani