This series provides information on the nature of dyes, their harmful effects, and dye degrading techniques. The first volume of this series presents a fundamental concept of dye degradation. The information on target-oriented dye mitigation is intended to give readers a better understanding of the dye degradation process to sustain a healthy environment. Chapters present referenced information and highlight novel breakthroughs in the industry.
Key topics:
Foundations of Dye Knowledge:
- Evaluating Toxicity
- Nanotechnology
- Electrochemistry
- Catalytic Materials and Photocatalysis
- Microbial Biodegradation
Readership
Scholars in chemistry and chemical engineering; professionals in manufacturing industries and environmental sustainability.Series Intro
This series provides information on the nature of dyes, their harmful effects, and dye degrading techniques. Each volume will bring a collection of edited topics on dye degradation. The goal of the series is to provide readers with detailed knowledge about dye degradation. The editors also aim to give a broad perspective on the role of dye remediation technologies in creating a sustainable environment.Table of Contents
- Contents
- Foreword
- Preface
- List of Contributors
- Kiruthiga Kandasamy, Sheeba Daniel, Poovan Shanmugavelan and Paulpandian Muthu
- Mareeswaran
- Introduction
- Natural Dyes
- Advantages of Natural Dyes
- Limitations of Natural Dyes
- Cost
- Colour
- Availability
- Harmful Effects
- Sustainability
- Synthetic Dyes
- Classification of Dyes Based on Application
- Direct Dyes
- Reactive Dyes
- Basic Dyes
- Acid Dyes
- Mordant or Chrome Dyes
- Disperse Dyes
- Vat Dyes
- Sulphur Dyes
- Azoic Dyes
- Advantages of Synthetic Dyes
- Toxic Effect of Synthetic Dyes
- Dye Degradation Techniques
- Physical Processes
- Adsorption
- Filtration
- Ion Exchange
- Chemical Processes
- Advanced Oxidation
- Photolysis
- Photocatalysis
- Sonolysis
- Electrochemical Dye Degradation Process
- Fenton Process
- Ozonolysis
- Biological Processes
- Biosorption
- Bioaccumulation and Bioremediation
- Mineralization and Alleviation
- Conclusion
- References
- Arumugam Girija and Paulpandian Muthu Mareeswaran
- Introduction
- Toxicity
- Toxic Effects
- Toxicological Field Studies
- Priorities in the Selection of Toxic Chemicals for Testing
- The Extent of the Toxicity Requirement
- Toxicity Assessment
- Dose
- Toxicological Dose Descriptors
- Ld50 (Lethal Dose 50%)
- Lc50 (Lethal Concentration 50%)
- No Observed Adverse Effect Level (Noael)
- Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (Loael)
- T25 and Bmd10
- Median Effective Concentration (Ec50)
- No Observed Effect Concentration (Noec)
- Dt50
- Effect and Response
- Dose Effect and Dose-Response Curves
- Toxic Effects Due to Combination of Dyes
- Acute, Sub-Acute, Sub-Chronic and Chronic Toxic Assessment
- Acute Toxicity Assessment
- Experimental Design
- Selection of Species
- Selection of Doses
- Method of Administration
- Sub-Acute Toxicity
- Sub-Chronic Toxicity
- Chronic Toxicity Assessment
- Assessment of Non-Carcinogenic Toxicity
- Selection of Species and Duration of Studies
- Human Sensitivity and Variability
- Assessment of Carcinogenic Toxicity
- Methodology
- Mathematical Models
- Types of Models
- Threshold Model
- Non-Threshold Model
- Toxicity Evaluation of Effluents from the Dye Industry Using
- Daphnia Magna
- Conclusion
- References
- Seemesh Bhaskar and Sai Sathish Ramamurthy
- Introduction
- Methodology
- Synthesis of F-Heg and Au-Lcg
- Characterization
- Catalytic Dye Reduction Test
- Results and Discussion
- Electron Microscopy, Edax, Xrd, Raman, Zeta Potential Studies and Uv-Vis
- Spectroscopy of F-Heg and Au-Lcg
- Analysis of Catalytic Activity of Au-Lcg in Dye Reductions
- Msnas for Dye Degradation Application
- Concluding Remarks
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Method
- Venkatesan Sethuraman, Karuppannan Aravindh, Perumalsamy Ramasamy, Bosco
- Christin Maria Arputham Ashwin and Paulpandian Muthu Mareeswaran
- Introduction
- Electrocoagulation
- Electrochemical Reduction
- Metal Anodes
- Graphite Anode
- Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes
- Dimensionally Stable Anode (Dsa)-Type Electrodes
- Anode Materials for Specific Dye
- Conclusion
- References
- Dyestuffs from Wastewater
- R. Jagatheesan, C. Christopher and K. Govindan
- Introduction
- Oxidation Mechanisms
- Oxidation Involving Intermediates of Oxygen Evolution
- Reactive - Azo Dyes
- Reactive Orange - Ro16
- Reactive Orange 16, Reactive Violet 4, Reactive Red 228, and Reactive Black 5
- Reactive Yellow 135
- Sunset Yellow-Sy
- Alizarin Red S
- Orange G
- Acid-Azo Dye
- Acid Brown 14
- Acid Orange 10
- Acid Red 1
- Acid Red 18
- Acid Blue 113
- Methylene Blue and Methyl Blue
- Methyl Orange
- Turquoise Blue Gb
- Remazol Brilliant Blue R
- Novacron Yellow (Ny) and Remazol Red (Rr)
- Eosin Y and Rose Bengal
- Rhodamine B
- Auramine-O
- Allura Red Ac
- Direct Red 81
- Congo Red
- Amido Black 10B (Ab)
- Effect of Microbial Fuel Cell (Mfc) on Dye Degradation
- Electrode Materials-Effect of Metal Oxide Electrodes in the Degradation Process
- Ruo2
- Tio2
- Boron-Doped Diamond (Bdd)
- Platinum
- Titanium-Tantalum-Platinum-Iridium
- Conclusion
- References
- Environmental Pollutants
- Suresh Kumar Pandey and Dhanesh Tiwary
- Introduction
- Developments of Different Types of Z-Scheme Photocatalytic
- Systems
- Indirect Z-Scheme Photocatalytic Systems
- Conventional Liquid-Phase Z-Scheme Systems (1St Generation Z-Scheme
- Photocatalysts)
- All Solid-State Z-Scheme System (Ass-2Nd Generation Z-Scheme Photocatalysts)
- Direct Z-Scheme System (3Rd Generation Z-Scheme Photocatalysts)
- Z-Scheme Photocatalysts for the Removal of Pollutants
- Oxidative Removal of the Pollutant
- Concluding Remarks
- Acknowledgement
- References
- For Efficient Photocatalytic Dye Degradation
- Sp. Keerthana, R. Yuvakkumar and G. Ravi
- Introduction
- Advanced Oxidation Processes (Aops)
- Materials for Photocatalysis
- Metal Oxides-Based Photocatalysts
- Metal Sulphide-Based Photocatalysts
- Metal Ferrites-Based Photocatalysts
- Different Strategies for Efficient Photocatalyst
- Using of Dopant
- Using Surfactants
- Carbon-Based Metal Doping
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgement
- References
- Approach
- Nagaraj Revathi, Jeyaraj Dhaveethu Raja, Jegathalaprathaban Rajesh and Murugesan
- Sankarganesh
Author
- Paulpandian Muthu Mareeswaran
- Jegathalaprathaban Rajesh
