The Global Market for Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Utilization 2024-2045

3.1          Main sources of carbon dioxide emissions
3.2          CO2 as a commodity
3.3          Carbon Dioxide (CO2) as a renewable carbon feedstock
3.3.1      Chemicals
3.3.2      Fuels
3.3.3      Polymers
3.3.4      Construction materials
3.3.5      Food and feed
3.3.6      Consumer products
3.4          Meeting climate targets
3.5          Market drivers and trends
3.6          The current market and future outlook
3.7          Industry developments 2020-2024
3.8          Investments and funding
3.8.1      Venture Capital Funding
3.8.1.1   2010-2023
3.8.1.2   Carbon utilization VC deals 2022-2023
3.9          Government CCUS initiatives
3.9.1      North America
3.9.2      Europe
3.9.3      China
3.10        Market map
3.11        Commercial CCUS facilities and projects
3.11.1    Facilities
3.11.1.1                Operational
3.11.1.2                Under development/construction
3.12        CCUS Value Chain
3.13        Carbon credits
3.14        CO2 utilization forecast
3.14.1    By market
3.14.2    By revenues

4.1          Overview
4.1.1      Current market status
4.1.2      Production capacities
4.1.3      Benefits of carbon utilization
4.1.4      Market challenges
4.2          Co2 utilization pathways

5.1          Thermochemical
5.1.1      Process overview
5.1.2      Plasma-assisted CO2 conversion
5.2          Electrochemical conversion of CO2
5.2.1      Process overview
5.3          Photocatalytic and photothermal catalytic conversion of CO2
5.4          Catalytic conversion of CO2
5.5          Biological conversion of CO2
5.6          Copolymerization of CO2
5.7          Mineral carbonation

6.1          Fuels
6.1.1      Overview
6.1.2      Production routes
6.1.3      Products & applications
6.1.3.1   Ethanol
6.1.3.2   Methanol
6.1.3.3   Sustainable Aviation Fuel
6.1.3.4   Methane
6.1.3.5   Algae based biofuels
6.1.3.6   CO2-fuels from solar
6.1.4      Challenges
6.1.5      SWOT analysis
6.1.6      Companies
6.2          Chemicals, Plastics & Polymers
6.2.1      Overview
6.2.2      Scalability
6.2.3      Products
6.2.3.1   Urea production
6.2.3.2   CO2-derived polymers
6.2.3.3   Aromatic polycarbonate (PC)
6.2.3.4   Aliphatic polycarbonate
6.2.3.5   Polycarbonate polyols
6.2.3.6   Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)
6.2.3.7   Inert gas in semiconductor manufacturing
6.2.3.8   Carbon nanotubes
6.2.4      SWOT analysis
6.2.5      Companies
6.3          Construction materials
6.3.1      Overview
6.3.2      CCUS technologies in the cement industry
6.3.3      Products
6.3.3.1   Carbonated aggregates
6.3.3.2   Additives during mixing
6.3.3.3   Carbonates from natural minerals
6.3.3.4   Carbonates from waste
6.3.4      Concrete curing
6.3.5      Costs
6.3.6      Challenges
6.3.7      SWOT analysis
6.3.8      Companies
6.4          CO2 Utilization in Biological Yield-Boosting
6.4.1      Overview
6.4.2      Products & applications
6.4.2.1   Greenhouses
6.4.2.2   Algae cultivation
6.4.2.3   Microbial conversion
6.4.2.4   Food and feed production
6.4.3      Challenges
6.4.4      SWOT analysis
6.4.5      Companies
6.5          CO2 Utilization in Enhanced Oil Recovery
6.5.1      Overview
6.5.1.1   Process
6.5.1.2   CO2 sources
6.5.2      CO2-EOR facilities and projects
6.5.3      Challenges
6.5.4      SWOT analysis
6.5.5      Companies
6.6          Enhanced mineralization
6.6.1      Advantages
6.6.2      In situ and ex-situ mineralization
6.6.3      Enhanced mineralization pathways
6.6.4      Challenges

7.1          Aether Diamonds
7.2          Aircela Inc
7.3          Air Company
7.4          Air Protein
7.5          Algal Bio Co., Ltd.
7.6          Algenol
7.7          Arborea
7.8          Arkeon Biotechnologies
7.9          Asahi Kasei
7.10        Avantium N.V.
7.11        Azolla
7.12        Blue Planet Systems Corporation
7.13        BluSky, Inc.
7.14        Brilliant Planet
7.15        C4X Technologies Inc.
7.16        C2CNT LLC
7.17        Cambridge Carbon Capture Ltd.
7.18        CarbiCrete
7.19        Carboclave
7.20        Carbo Culture
7.21        Carbon Corp
7.22        Carbonaide Oy
7.23        Carbonova
7.24        Carbon8 Systems
7.25        Carbon Blue
7.26        CarbonBuilt
7.27        CarbonCure Technologies Inc.
7.28        CarbonFree
7.29        Carbon Limit
7.30        Carbon Recycling International
7.31        Carbon Sink LLC
7.32        Carbon Upcycling Technologies
7.33        Celanese Corporation
7.34        CERT Systems, Inc.
7.35        Chiyoda Corporation
7.36        CleanO2
7.37        CO2 Gro, Inc.
7.38        Concrete4Change
7.39        Coval Energy B.V.
7.40        Covestro AG
7.41        CURE
7.42        Deep Branch Biotechnology
7.43        Dimensional Energy
7.44        ecoLocked GmbH
7.45        Electrochaea GmbH
7.46        Empower Materials, Inc.
7.47        enaDyne GmbH
7.48        Fairbrics
7.49        Fortera Corporation
7.50        GreenCap Solutions
7.51        Greenore
7.52        HYCO1, Inc.
7.53        1point8
7.54        LanzaJet
7.55        Lanzatech
7.56        Liquid Wind AB
7.57        Low Carbon Korea
7.58        Low Carbon Materials
7.59        Made of Air GmbH
7.60        Mars Materials
7.61        MCi Carbon
7.62        Mineral Carbonation International (MCi) Carbon
7.63        Neustark AG
7.64        Newlight Technologies LLC
7.65        Novo Nutrients
7.66        Oakbio
7.67        Obrist Group
7.68        O.C.O Technology
7.69        OxEon Energy, LLC
7.70        Oxylum
7.71        Paebbl AB
7.72        Phytonix Corporation
7.73        Prometheus Fuels, Inc.
7.74        Prometheus Materials
7.75        Seratech
7.76        SkyNano Technologies
7.77        Solar Foods Oy
7.78        Solidia Technologies
7.79        Synhelion
7.80        Tandem Technical
7.81        Twelve
7.82        UP Catalyst
7.83        ViridiCO2

Table 1. CO2 transformation and utilization market drivers and trends.
Table 2. Carbon utilization industry developments 2020-2024.
Table 3. Carbon utilization VC deals 2022-2023.
Table 4. Demonstration and commercial CCUS facilities in China.
Table 5. Global commercial CCUS facilities-in operation.
Table 6. Global commercial CCUS facilities-under development/construction.
Table 7. CO2 utilization forecast by market (million metric tonnes), 2022-2045.
Table 8. CO2 utilization forecast by market (billion USD), 2022-2045.
Table 9. Carbon utilization revenue forecast by product (US$).
Table 10. Production capacities for CO2 based products.
Table 11. CO2 utilization and removal pathways.
Table 12. Market challenges for CO2 utilization.
Table 13. Example CO2 utilization pathways.
Table 14. CO2 derived products via Thermochemical conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages.
Table 15. CO2 derived products via electrochemical conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages.
Table 16. CO2 derived products via biological conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages.
Table 17. Companies developing and producing CO2-based polymers.
Table 18. Companies developing mineral carbonation technologies.
Table 19. Market overview for CO2 derived fuels.
Table 20. Microalgae products and prices.
Table 21. Main Solar-Driven CO2 Conversion Approaches.
Table 22. Companies in CO2-derived fuel products.
Table 23. Commodity chemicals and fuels manufactured from CO2.
Table 24. Companies in CO2-derived chemicals products.
Table 25. Carbon capture technologies and projects in the cement sector
Table 26. Market challenges for CO2 utilization in construction materials.
Table 27. Companies in CO2 derived building materials.
Table 28. Companies in CO2 Utilization in Biological Yield-Boosting.
Table 29. Applications of CCS in oil and gas production.
Table 30. CO2-EOR companies.
Table 31. CO2 EOR/Storage Challenges.

Figure 1. Carbon emissions by sector.
Figure 2. Overview of CCUS market
Figure 3. Pathways for CO2 use.
Figure 4. Regional capacity share 2022-2033.
Figure 5. Global investment in carbon capture 2010-2023, millions USD.
Figure 6. Carbon Capture, Utilization, & Storage (CCUS) Market Map.
Figure 7. CCS deployment projects, historical and to 2035.
Figure 8. Existing and planned CCS projects.
Figure 9. CCUS Value Chain.
Figure 10. CO2 utilization forecast by market (million metric tonnes), 2022-2045.
Figure 11. CO2 utilization forecast by market (billion USD), 2022-2045.
Figure 12. Carbon dioxide utilization and removal cycle.
Figure 13. CO2 non-conversion and conversion technology, advantages and disadvantages.
Figure 14. Applications for CO2.
Figure 15. Cost to capture one metric ton of carbon, by sector.
Figure 16. Life cycle of CO2-derived products and services.
Figure 17. Co2 utilization pathways and products.
Figure 18. Plasma technology configurations and their advantages and disadvantages for CO2 conversion.
Figure 19. Electrochemical CO2 reduction products.
Figure 20. LanzaTech gas-fermentation process.
Figure 21. Schematic of biological CO2 conversion into e-fuels.
Figure 22. Econic catalyst systems.
Figure 23. Mineral carbonation processes.
Figure 24. Conversion route for CO2-derived fuels and chemical intermediates.
Figure 25.  Conversion pathways for CO2-derived methane, methanol and diesel.
Figure 26. CO2 feedstock for the production of e-methanol.
Figure 27. Schematic illustration of (a) biophotosynthetic, (b) photothermal, (c) microbial-photoelectrochemical, (d) photosynthetic and photocatalytic (PS/PC), (e) photoelectrochemical (PEC), and (f) photovoltaic plus electrochemical (PV EC) approaches for CO2 c
Figure 28. SWOT analysis: CO2 utilization in fuels.
Figure 29. Audi synthetic fuels.
Figure 30.  Conversion of CO2 into chemicals and fuels via different pathways.
Figure 31.  Conversion pathways for CO2-derived polymeric materials
Figure 32. SWOT analysis: CO2 utilization in chemicals, plastics & polymers.
Figure 33. Conversion pathway for CO2-derived building materials.
Figure 34. Schematic of CCUS in cement sector.
Figure 35. Carbon8 Systems’ ACT process.
Figure 36. CO2 utilization in the Carbon Cure process.
Figure 37. SWOT analysis: CO2 utilization in construction materials.
Figure 38. Algal cultivation in the desert.
Figure 39. Example pathways for products from cyanobacteria.
Figure 40. SWOT analysis: CO2 Utilization in Biological Yield-Boosting
Figure 41. Typical Flow Diagram for CO2 EOR.
Figure 42. Large CO2-EOR projects in different project stages by industry.
Figure 43. SWOT analysis: CO2 Utilization in EOR.
Figure 44. Carbon mineralization pathways.
Figure 45. CarbonCure Technology.
Figure 46. CRI process.
Figure 47. Colyser process.
Figure 48. Made of Air's HexChar panels.
Figure 49. Neustark modular plant.
Figure 50. O12 Reactor.
Figure 51. Sunglasses with lenses made from CO2-derived materials.
Figure 52. CO2 made car part.